Computationally designed haemagglutinin with nanocage plug-and-display elicits pan-H5 influenza vaccine responses

Qingzhou Huang, Chloe; A. Hills, Rory; W. Carnell, George; Vishwanath, Sneha; T. Aguinam, Ernest; C.Y. Chan, Andrew; Palmer, Phil; O’Reilly, Laura; Tonks, Paul; Temperton, Nigel; D.W. Frost, Simon; S. Tiley, Laurence; R. Howarth, Mark; L. Heeney, Jonathan

Abstract

The increasing spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A/H5 viruses poses a pandemic threat. Circulating clade 2.3.4.4b viruses have demonstrated rapid transcontinental dissemination, extensive reassortment, epizootic spread and potential sustained mammal-to-mammal transmission, signifying a heightened risk of becoming a human pathogen of high consequence. A broadly protective, future-proof vaccine against multiple clades of H5 influenza is urgently needed for pandemic preparedness. Here, we combine two novel vaccine technologies to generate a Digitally Immune Optimised and Selected H5 antigen (DIOSvax-H5inter) displayed multivalently on the mi3 nanocage using the SpyTag003/SpyCatcher003 conjugation system. Mice immunized with DIOSvax-H5inter Homotypic Nanocages at low doses demonstrate potent, cross-clade neutralizing antibody and T cell responses against diverse H5 strains. DIOSvax-H5inter Homotypic Nanocages provide a scalable vaccine candidate with the potential for pan-H5 protection against drifted or newly emergent H5 strains. This World Health Organization preferred characteristic is essential for prospective strategic stockpiling in the pre-pandemic phase.

Citation

Qingzhou Huang, C., A. Hills, R., W. Carnell, G., Vishwanath, S., T. Aguinam, E., C.Y. Chan, A., Palmer, P., O’Reilly, L., Tonks, P., Temperton, N., D.W. Frost, S., S. Tiley, L., R. Howarth, M., & L. Heeney, J. (2025). Computationally designed haemagglutinin with nanocage plug-and-display elicits pan-H5 influenza vaccine responses. Emerging Microbes & Infections, 14(1), Article 2511132. https://doi.org/10.1080/22221751.2025.2511132

• Journal Article Type: Article
• Acceptance Date: May 20, 2025
• Online Publication Date: Jul 11, 2025
• Publication Date: Dec 31, 2025
• Deposit Date: Jul 18, 2025
• Publicly Available Date: Jul 21, 2025
• Journal: Emerging Microbes & Infections
• Print ISSN: 2222-1751
• Electronic ISSN: 2222-1751
• Publisher: Taylor & Francis Open Access
• Peer Reviewed: Peer Reviewed
• Volume: 14
• Issue: 1
• Article Number: 2511132
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/22221751.2025.2511132
• Public URL: https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/output/51605761
• Publisher URL: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/22221751.2025.2511132