Human gnathostomiasis: a neglected food-borne zoonosis

Liu, Guo-Hua; Sun, Miao-Miao; Elsheikha, Hany M.; Fu, Yi-Tian; Sugiyama, Hiromu; Ando, Katsuhiko; Sohn, Woon-Mok; Zhu, Xing-Quan; Yao, Chaoqun

Abstract

Background: Human gnathostomiasis is a food-borne zoonosis. Its etiological agents are the third-stage larvae of Gnathostoma spp. Human gnathostomiasis is often reported in developing countries, but it is also an emerging disease in developed countries in non-endemic areas. The recent surge in cases of human gnathostomiasis is mainly due to the increasing consumption of raw freshwater fish, amphibians, and reptiles. Methods: This article reviews the literature on Gnathostoma spp. and the disease that these parasites cause in humans. We review the literature on the life cycle and pathogenesis of these parasites, the clinical features, epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, control, and new molecular findings on human gnathostomiasis, and social-ecological factors related to the transmission of this disease. Conclusions: The information presented provides an impetus for studying the parasite biology and host immunity. It is urgently needed to develop a quick and sensitive diagnosis and to develop an effective regimen for the management and control of human gnathostomiasis.[Figure not available: see fulltext.].

Citation

Liu, G.-H., Sun, M.-M., Elsheikha, H. M., Fu, Y.-T., Sugiyama, H., Ando, K., Sohn, W.-M., Zhu, X.-Q., & Yao, C. (2020). Human gnathostomiasis: a neglected food-borne zoonosis. Parasites and Vectors, 13, Article 616. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-020-04494-4

• Journal Article Type: Article
• Acceptance Date: Nov 19, 2020
• Online Publication Date: Dec 9, 2020
• Publication Date: Dec 9, 2020
• Deposit Date: Dec 11, 2020
• Publicly Available Date: Dec 11, 2020
• Journal: Parasites and Vectors
• Electronic ISSN: 1756-3305
• Publisher: Springer Nature
• Peer Reviewed: Peer Reviewed
• Volume: 13
• Article Number: 616
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-020-04494-4
• Keywords: Parasitology; Infectious Diseases
• Public URL: https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/output/5140788
• Publisher URL: https://parasitesandvectors.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13071-020-04494-4?utm_source=other&utm_medium=other&utm_content=null&utm_campaign=BSCN_1_DD01_CN_bmcso_article_paid_XMOL