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Monitoring of Ground Movement and Groundwater Changes in London Using InSAR and GRACE

Agarwal, Vivek; Kumar, Amit; L. Gomes, Rachel; Marsh, Stuart

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Authors

Vivek Agarwal

Amit Kumar



Abstract

Groundwater-induced land movement can cause damage to property and resources, thus its monitoring is very important for the safety and economics of a city. London is a heavily built-up urban area and relies largely on its groundwater resource and thus poses the threat of land subsidence. Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) can facilitate monitoring of land movement and Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) gravity anomalies can facilitate groundwater monitoring. For London, no previous study has investigated groundwater variations and related land movement using InSAR and GRACE together. In this paper, we used ENVISAT ASAR C-band SAR images to obtain land movement using Persistent Scatterer InSAR (PSInSAR) technique and GRACE gravity anomalies to obtain groundwater variations between December 2002 and December 2010 for central London. Both experiments showed long-term, decreasing, complex, non-linear patterns in the spatial and temporal domain. The land movement values varied from −6 to +6 mm/year, and their reliability was validated with observed Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) data, by conducting a two-sample t-test. The average groundwater loss estimated from GRACE was found to be 9.003 MCM/year. The ground movement was compared to observed groundwater values obtained from various boreholes around central London. It was observed that when large volumes of groundwater is extracted then it leads to land subsidence, and when groundwater is recharged then surface uplift is witnessed. The results demonstrate that InSAR and GRACE complement each other and can be an excellent source of monitoring groundwater for hydrologists.

Citation

Agarwal, V., Kumar, A., L. Gomes, R., & Marsh, S. (2020). Monitoring of Ground Movement and Groundwater Changes in London Using InSAR and GRACE. Applied Sciences, 10(23), 1-21. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10238599

Journal Article Type Article
Acceptance Date Nov 28, 2020
Online Publication Date Dec 1, 2020
Publication Date Dec 1, 2020
Deposit Date Dec 7, 2020
Publicly Available Date Dec 7, 2020
Journal Applied Sciences (Switzerland)
Electronic ISSN 2076-3417
Publisher MDPI
Peer Reviewed Peer Reviewed
Volume 10
Issue 23
Article Number 8599
Pages 1-21
DOI https://doi.org/10.3390/app10238599
Public URL https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/output/5120087
Publisher URL https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/10/23/8599

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