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Machine Learning-Based Detection for Cyber Security Attacks on Connected and Autonomous Vehicles

He, Qiyi; Meng, Xiaolin; Qu, Rong; Xi, Ruijie

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Authors

Qiyi He

Xiaolin Meng

Ruijie Xi



Abstract

Connected and Autonomous Vehicle (CAV)-related initiatives have become some of the fastest expanding in recent years, and have started to affect the daily lives of people. More and more companies and research organizations have announced their initiatives, and some have started CAV road trials. Governments around the world have also introduced policies to support and accelerate the deployments of CAVs. Along these, issues such as CAV cyber security have become predominant, forming an essential part of the complications of CAV deployment. There is, however, no universally agreed upon or recognized framework for CAV cyber security. In this paper, following the UK CAV cyber security principles, we propose a UML (Unified Modeling Language)-based CAV cyber security framework, and based on which we classify the potential vulnerabilities of CAV systems. With this framework, a new CAV communication cyber-attack data set (named CAV-KDD) is generated based on the widely tested benchmark data set KDD99. This data set focuses on the communication-based CAV cyber-attacks. Two classification models are developed, using two machine learning algorithms, namely Decision Tree and Naive Bayes, based on the CAV-KDD training data set. The accuracy, precision and runtime of these two models when identifying each type of communication-based attacks are compared and analysed. It is found that the Decision Tree model requires a shorter runtime, and is more appropriate for CAV communication attack detection.

Citation

He, Q., Meng, X., Qu, R., & Xi, R. (2020). Machine Learning-Based Detection for Cyber Security Attacks on Connected and Autonomous Vehicles. Mathematics, 8(8), Article 1311. https://doi.org/10.3390/math8081311

Journal Article Type Article
Acceptance Date Aug 5, 2020
Online Publication Date Aug 7, 2020
Publication Date 2020-08
Deposit Date Aug 10, 2020
Publicly Available Date Aug 10, 2020
Journal Mathematics
Publisher MDPI
Peer Reviewed Peer Reviewed
Volume 8
Issue 8
Article Number 1311
DOI https://doi.org/10.3390/math8081311
Public URL https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/output/4816621
Publisher URL https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/8/8/1311

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