Hospital-Acquired Viral Respiratory Tract Infections in the Neonatal Unit: A Comparison with Other Inpatient Groups

Taylor, Chiara; Tan, Shin; McClaughry, Rebecca; Sharkey, Don

Abstract

Background: Hospital-acquired viral respiratory tract infections (VRTIs) cause significant morbidity and mortality in neonatal patients. This includes escalation of respiratory support, increased length of hospital stay, and need for home oxygen, as well as higher healthcare costs. To date, no studies have compared population rates of VRTIs across age groups. Aim: Quantify the rates of hospital-acquired VRTIs in our neonatal population compared with other inpatient age groups in Nottinghamshire, UK. Methods: We compared all hospital inpatient PCR-positive viral respiratory samples between 2007 and 2013 and calculated age-stratified rates based on population estimates. Results: From a population of 4,707,217, we identified a previously unrecognised burden of VRTI in neonatal patients, only second to the 0–1-year-old group. Although only accounting for 1.3% of the population, half of the infections were in infants [less than] 1 year old and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) patients. Human rhinovirus was the most dominant virus across the inpatient group, particularly in neonatal patients. Despite a two- to three-fold increase in the rate of positive samples in all groups during the colder months (1.1/1,000 October–March vs. 0.4/1,000 April–September), rates in the NICU did not change throughout the year at 4.3/1,000. Pandemic H1N1 influenza rates were 20 times higher in neonatal patients and infants [less than] 1 year old. Conclusion: Good epidemiological and interventional data are needed to help inform visiting and infection control policies to reduce transmission of hospital-acquired viral infections to this vulnerable population, particularly during pandemic seasons.

Citation

Taylor, C., Tan, S., McClaughry, R., & Sharkey, D. (2020). Hospital-Acquired Viral Respiratory Tract Infections in the Neonatal Unit: A Comparison with Other Inpatient Groups. Neonatology, 117(4), 513–516. https://doi.org/10.1159/000506427

• Journal Article Type: Article
• Acceptance Date: Feb 9, 2020
• Online Publication Date: Apr 6, 2020
• Publication Date: 2020-12
• Deposit Date: May 14, 2020
• Publicly Available Date: Apr 7, 2021
• Journal: Neonatology
• Print ISSN: 1661-7800
• Electronic ISSN: 1661-7819
• Publisher: Karger Publishers
• Peer Reviewed: Peer Reviewed
• Volume: 117
• Issue: 4
• Pages: 513–516
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1159/000506427
• Keywords: Developmental Biology; Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health
• Public URL: https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/output/4434329
• Publisher URL: https://www.karger.com/Article/Abstract/506427
• Additional Information: This is the peer-reviewed but unedited manuscript version of the following article: Taylor C, Tan S, McClaughry R, Sharkey D: Hospital-Acquired Viral Respiratory Tract Infections in the Neonatal Unit: A Comparison with Other Inpatient Groups. Neonatology 2020. doi: 10.1159/000506427. The final, published version is available at http://www.karger.com/?doi=10.1159/000506427