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Euclid preparation: LV. Exploring the properties of proto-clusters in the Simulated Euclid Wide Survey

Euclid Collaboration; Böhringer, H.; Chon, G.; Cucciati, O.; Dannerbauer, H.; Bolzonella, M.; De Lucia, G.; Cappi, A.; Moscardini, L.; Giocoli, C.; Castignani, G.; Hatch, N. A.; Andreon, S.; Bañados, E.; Ettori, S.; Fontanot, F.; Gully, H.; Hirschmann, M.; Maturi, M.; Mei, S.; Pozzetti, L.; Schlenker, T.; Spinelli, M.; Aghanim, N.; Altieri, B.; Auricchio, N.; Baccigalupi, C.; Baldi, M.; Bardelli, S.; Bodendorf, C.; Bonino, D.; Branchini, E.; Brescia, M.; Brinchmann, J.; Camera, S.; Capobianco, V.; Carbone, C.; Carretero, J.; Casas, S.; Castander, F. J.; Castellano, M.; Cavuoti, S.; Cimatti, A.; Colodro-Conde, C.; Congedo, G.; Conselice, C. J.; Conversi, L.; Copin, Y.; Courbin, F.; Courtois, H. M.; Da Silva, A.; Degaudenzi, H.; Di Giorgio, A. M.; Dinis, J.; Douspis, M.; Dubath, F.; Duncan, C. A. J.; Dupac, X.; Dusini, S.; Farina, M.; Farrens, S.; Faustini, F.; Fosalba, P.; Frailis, M.; Franceschi, E.; Fumana, M.; Galeotta, S.; Gillis, B.; Gómez-Alvarez, P.; Grazian, A.; Grupp, F.; Hauga...

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Authors

Euclid Collaboration

H. Böhringer

G. Chon

O. Cucciati

H. Dannerbauer

M. Bolzonella

G. De Lucia

A. Cappi

L. Moscardini

C. Giocoli

G. Castignani

S. Andreon

E. Bañados

S. Ettori

F. Fontanot

H. Gully

M. Hirschmann

M. Maturi

S. Mei

L. Pozzetti

T. Schlenker

M. Spinelli

N. Aghanim

B. Altieri

N. Auricchio

C. Baccigalupi

M. Baldi

S. Bardelli

C. Bodendorf

D. Bonino

E. Branchini

M. Brescia

J. Brinchmann

S. Camera

V. Capobianco

C. Carbone

J. Carretero

S. Casas

F. J. Castander

M. Castellano

S. Cavuoti

A. Cimatti

C. Colodro-Conde

G. Congedo

C. J. Conselice

L. Conversi

Y. Copin

F. Courbin

H. M. Courtois

A. Da Silva

H. Degaudenzi

A. M. Di Giorgio

J. Dinis

M. Douspis

F. Dubath

C. A. J. Duncan

X. Dupac

S. Dusini

M. Farina

S. Farrens

F. Faustini

P. Fosalba

M. Frailis

E. Franceschi

M. Fumana

S. Galeotta

B. Gillis

P. Gómez-Alvarez

A. Grazian

F. Grupp

S. V.H. Haugan

W. Holmes

F. Hormuth

A. Hornstrup

P. Hudelot

K. Jahnke

M. Jhabvala

B. Joachimi

E. Keihänen

S. Kermiche

A. Kiessling

M. Kilbinger

B. Kubik

M. Kümmel

M. Kunz

H. Kurki-Suonio

S. Ligori

P. B. Lilje

V. Lindholm

I. Lloro

G. Mainetti

D. Maino

E. Maiorano

O. Mansutti

O. Marggraf

K. Markovic

M. Martinelli

N. Martinet

F. Marulli

R. Massey

S. Maurogordato

E. Medinaceli

Y. Mellier

M. Meneghetti

G. Meylan

M. Moresco

S.-M. Niemi

C. Padilla

S. Paltani

F. Pasian

K. Pedersen

V. Pettorino

S. Pires

G. Polenta

M. Poncet

L. A. Popa

F. Raison

R. Rebolo

A. Renzi

J. Rhodes

G. Riccio

E. Romelli

M. Roncarelli

E. Rossetti

R. Saglia

Z. Sakr

A. G. Sánchez

D. Sapone

B. Sartoris

M. Schirmer

P. Schneider

M. Scodeggio

A. Secroun

G. Seidel

S. Serrano

C. Sirignano

G. Sirri

L. Stanco

J. Steinwagner

P. Tallada-Crespí

A. N. Taylor

I. Tereno

R. Toledo-Moreo

F. Torradeflot

I. Tutusaus

T. Vassallo

G. Verdoes Kleijn

A. Veropalumbo

Y. Wang

J. Weller

G. Zamorani

E. Zucca

E. Bozzo

C. Burigana

M. Calabrese

D. Di Ferdinando

J. A. Escartin Vigo

F. Finelli

J. Gracia-Carpio

S. Matthew

N. Mauri

M. Pöntinen

C. Porciani

V. Scottez

M. Tenti

M. Viel

M. Wiesmann

Y. Akrami

V. Allevato

S. Alvi

S. Anselmi

M Archidiacono

F. Atrio-Barandela

A. Balaguera-Antolinez

M. Ballardini

L. Blot

S. Borgani

S. Bruton

R. Cabanac

A. Calabro

F. Caro

C. S. Carvalho

T. Castro

K. C. Chambers

S. Contarini

A. R. Cooray

M. Costanzi

B. De Caro

G. Desprez

A. Díaz-Sánchez

S. Di Domizio

H. Dole

S. Escoffier

A. G. Ferrari

P. G. Ferreira

I. Ferrero

A. Fontana

F. Fornari

L. Gabarra

K. Ganga

J. García-Bellido

T. Gasparetto

V. Gautard

E. Gaztanaga

F. Giacomini

F. Gianotti

A. H. Gonzalez

G. Gozaliasl

C. M. Gutierrez

A. Hall

W. G. Hartley

H. Hildebrandt

J. Hjorth

A. Jimenez Muñoz

J. J. E. Kajava

V. Kansal

D. Karagiannis

C. C. Kirkpatrick

L. Legrand

J. Lesgourgues

T. I. Liaudat

A. Loureiro

J. Macias-Perez

G. Maggio

M. Magliocchetti

C. Mancini

F. Mannucci

R. Maoli

C. J. A. P. Martins

L. Maurin

R. B. Metcalf

M. Miluzio

P. Monaco

A. Montoro

A. Mora

C. Moretti

G. Morgante

N. A. Walton

L. Patrizii

V. Popa

D. Potter

I. Risso

P.-F. Rocci

M. Sahlén

A. Schneider

M. Schultheis

M. Sereno

F. Shankar

P. Simon

A. Spurio Mancini

J. Stadel

S. A. Stanford

K. Tanidis

C. Tao

G. Testera

R. Teyssier

S. Toft

S. Tosi

A. Troja

M. Tucci

C. Valieri

J. Valiviita

D. Vergani

G. Verza



Abstract

Galaxy proto-clusters are receiving increased interest since most of the processes shaping the structure of clusters of galaxies and their galaxy population happen at the early stages of their formation. The Euclid Survey will provide a unique opportunity to discover a large number of proto-clusters over a large fraction of the sky (14 500 deg2). In this paper, we explore the expected observational properties of proto-clusters in the Euclid Wide Survey by means of theoretical models and simulations. We provide an overview of the predicted proto-cluster extent, galaxy density profiles, mass-richness relations, abundance, and sky-filling as a function of redshift. Useful analytical approximations for the functions of these properties are provided. The focus is on the redshift range z = 1.5-4. In particular we discuss the density contrast with which proto-clusters can be observed against the background in the galaxy distribution if photometric galaxy redshifts are used as supplied by the ESA Euclid mission together with the ground-based photometric surveys. We show that the obtainable detection significance is sufficient to find large numbers of interesting proto-cluster candidates. For quantitative studies, additional spectroscopic follow-up is required to confirm the proto-clusters and establish their richness.

Citation

Euclid Collaboration, Böhringer, H., Chon, G., Cucciati, O., Dannerbauer, H., Bolzonella, M., De Lucia, G., Cappi, A., Moscardini, L., Giocoli, C., Castignani, G., Hatch, N. A., Andreon, S., Bañados, E., Ettori, S., Fontanot, F., Gully, H., Hirschmann, M., Maturi, M., Mei, S., …Verza, G. (2025). Euclid preparation: LV. Exploring the properties of proto-clusters in the Simulated Euclid Wide Survey. Astronomy and Astrophysics, 693, Article A59. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202451683

Journal Article Type Article
Acceptance Date Oct 14, 2024
Online Publication Date Jan 3, 2025
Publication Date Jan 3, 2025
Deposit Date Jan 5, 2025
Publicly Available Date Jan 6, 2025
Journal Astronomy and Astrophysics
Electronic ISSN 1432-0746
Publisher EDP Sciences
Peer Reviewed Peer Reviewed
Volume 693
Article Number A59
DOI https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202451683
Keywords galaxies: clusters: general / galaxies: high-redshift / large-scale structure of Universe
Public URL https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/output/43800144
Publisher URL https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/full_html/2025/01/aa51683-24/aa51683-24.html

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