Development of an open-source carbon footprint calculator of the UK craft brewing value chain

Bowler, Alexander L.; Rodgers, Sarah; Meng, Fanran; McKechnie, Jon; Cook, David J.; Watson, Nicholas J.

Abstract

Craft breweries may fall behind large brewing companies in reducing the carbon footprints of their value chains due to limited resources, financial constraints, and a lack of technical knowledge to fully understand their emissions. However, by increasing their awareness of the impact of their entire value chains, craft breweries can accelerate the decarbonisation of the industry by creating competition among breweries to appeal to environmentally conscious consumers. This work developed a freely available carbon calculator (10.6084/m9.figshare.22758692) using transparent, open-source data which may be used for benchmarking and identifying opportunities for emission reductions in UK craft breweries as well as providing a reference point for future carbon footprint analyses of global brewing value chains. The carbon footprint for craft brewing was calculated for a wide range of packaging types across three realistic scenarios (low, medium, and high carbon footprints) based on collected data and addresses the discrepancies between values reported in previous literature. Overall, the calculated carbon footprints ranged between 205 (20 L steel kegs, low carbon footprint scenario) and 1483 (single-use, 0.33 L glass bottles, high carbon footprint scenario) gCO2e per litre of beer. Novel hotspots (including wort boiling, the packaging process in a brewery, and the contribution of secondary and tertiary packaging) were identified. The overwhelming contribution of Scope 3 emissions (contributing between 57 and 95 % of the total carbon footprint) further emphasised the need to provide increased knowledge to craft breweries.

Citation

Bowler, A. L., Rodgers, S., Meng, F., McKechnie, J., Cook, D. J., & Watson, N. J. (2024). Development of an open-source carbon footprint calculator of the UK craft brewing value chain. Journal of Cleaner Production, 435, Article 140181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.140181

• Journal Article Type: Article
• Acceptance Date: Dec 12, 2023
• Online Publication Date: Dec 15, 2023
• Publication Date: Jan 5, 2024
• Deposit Date: Jan 4, 2024
• Publicly Available Date: Jan 4, 2024
• Journal: Journal of Cleaner Production
• Print ISSN: 0959-6526
• Electronic ISSN: 1879-1786
• Publisher: Elsevier
• Peer Reviewed: Peer Reviewed
• Volume: 435
• Article Number: 140181
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.140181
• Keywords: Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering; Strategy and Management; General Environmental Science; Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment; Building and Construction
• Public URL: https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/output/28716187
• Publisher URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959652623043391?via%3Dihub