A cost-effective volume miniaturized and microcontroller based cytochrome c assay

Pandiaraj, Manickam; Benjamin, Alby Robson; Madasamy, Thangamuthu; Vairamani, Kanagavel; Arya, Aditya; Sethy, Niroj Kumar; Bhargava, Kalpana; Karunakaran, Chandran

Abstract

In this paper, a portable, cost-effective electrochemical assay is presented for rapid, sensitive, and quantitative detection of cytochrome c (cyt c) release. The developed cyt c assay consists of two parts: (i) a miniaturized electrochemical biosensor based on cytochrome c reductase (CcR) functionalized screen printed electrodes (SPE); (ii) a microcontroller based data acquisition unit integrated with potentiostat circuit capable of performing cyclic voltammetry technique for the analysis. The working electrode surface of SPE was integrated with polypyrrole (PPy)-carbon nanotubes (CNT) nanocomposite for an enhanced immobilization of the enzyme, CcR. The acquired biosensor data are processed into digital form by the microcontroller and further transferred to a PC through USB port for analysis. GUI based system implemented here makes the analyzer easy to operate. Under optimal conditions, the electroanalytical behavior of the CcR-CNT-PPy-SPE biosensor linearly responds to the cyt c concentration range from 10 nM to 500 μM with a detection limit of 10 nM and a sensitivity of 0.102 ± 0.005 μA μM-1 cm-2. The performance of the volume miniaturized SPE based biosensor coupled with the portable microcontroller based instrument was further evaluated by applying it for the measurement of mitochondrial cyt c release during cardiomyocytes apoptosis; the results are validated well with the commercial electrochemical analyzer and standard ELISA.

Citation

Pandiaraj, M., Benjamin, A. R., Madasamy, T., Vairamani, K., Arya, A., Sethy, N. K., Bhargava, K., & Karunakaran, C. (2014). A cost-effective volume miniaturized and microcontroller based cytochrome c assay. Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, 220, 290-297. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2014.10.018

• Journal Article Type: Article
• Acceptance Date: Oct 14, 2014
• Online Publication Date: Oct 24, 2014
• Publication Date: Dec 1, 2014
• Deposit Date: Aug 1, 2023
• Journal: Sensors and Actuators A: Physical
• Print ISSN: 0924-4247
• Electronic ISSN: 1873-3069
• Publisher: Elsevier
• Peer Reviewed: Peer Reviewed
• Volume: 220
• Pages: 290-297
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2014.10.018
• Public URL: https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/output/23549866
• Publisher URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S092442471400452X?via%3Dihub