Dynamic Analysis, Stability and Design of Grid Forming Converters With PI-Based Voltage Control in DC and 3-Phase AC Microgrids

Navarro-Rodríguez, Ángel; García, Pablo; Cano, Jose M.; Sumner, Mark

Abstract

This paper analyzes the dynamic behavior of the voltage control loop based on proportional-integral regulators, commonly used for grid-forming converters in 3-phase AC and DC Microgrids and applications that involve a DC-link voltage control. The paper proposes a simple and accurate generalized analysis useful both for the system characterization and design. Two different control schemes, based on linear (Direct Voltage Control, DVC) and quadratic voltage feedback (Quadratic Voltage Control, QVC), are analytically studied, simulated and experimentally tested, demonstrating a superior performance of the QVC under the presence of constant power loads. The operation limits, the system stability and the disturbance rejection capability are analyzed considering the effect of control and plant parameters and the effect of the different types of disturbances and the operating point, taking into account the non-linearities of the system. The analysis is mainly focused on the effect of constant power loads given their negative impact on the system performance. The study provides a generic procedure for the analysis and design of proportional-integral voltage controllers, including the selection of the system capacitance for meeting specific dynamic specifications while considering system characteristics as the load level, the stability margins and the maximum voltage deviation under disturbances.

Citation

Navarro-Rodríguez, Á., García, P., Cano, J. M., & Sumner, M. (2023). Dynamic Analysis, Stability and Design of Grid Forming Converters With PI-Based Voltage Control in DC and 3-Phase AC Microgrids. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, 38(4), 2249-2262. https://doi.org/10.1109/TEC.2023.3280977

• Journal Article Type: Article
• Acceptance Date: May 16, 2023
• Online Publication Date: May 29, 2023
• Publication Date: 2023-12
• Deposit Date: Jun 1, 2023
• Publicly Available Date: Jun 1, 2023
• Journal: IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion
• Print ISSN: 0885-8969
• Electronic ISSN: 1558-0059
• Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
• Peer Reviewed: Peer Reviewed
• Volume: 38
• Issue: 4
• Pages: 2249-2262
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TEC.2023.3280977
• Keywords: Voltage control , Power system stability , Behavioral sciences , Regulators , Power system dynamics , Capacitance , Stability criteria , Microgrids , Nonlinear systems , Power system dynamic stability , Constant Power Load
• Public URL: https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/output/21372025
• Publisher URL: https://ieeexplore-ieee-org.nottingham.idm.oclc.org/document/10138444