Combining Modeling and Measurements to Predict Crystal Morphology in Material Extrusion

McIlroy, Claire; Seppala, Jonathan E.; Kotula, Anthony P.

Abstract

Semicrystalline polymer melts are commonly used in material extrusion (MatEx) for 3D printing. Although flows have a profound effect on polymer crystallization, the relationship between typical MatEx deformation rates and printed-part crystal morphology is yet to be understood. Here, MatEx is used to print a wall of polylactic acid filaments. The linear rheology and quiescent crystallization kinetics are characterized, infrared imaging is used to measure temperature variations during the MatEx process, and optical microscopy is employed to determine the resulting crystal morphology before and after a postprinting thermal annealing process. Our flow-enhanced crystallization model demonstrates that MatEx-induced polymer stretch leads to a higher nucleation density and greater space filling in the weld regions between deposited filaments. Consequently, after annealing, the weld regions feature smaller spherulites than the filament center, as shown by optical microscopy. Finally, flow-induced crystallization is proposed as a method to improve weld toughness.

Citation

McIlroy, C., Seppala, J. E., & Kotula, A. P. (2019). Combining Modeling and Measurements to Predict Crystal Morphology in Material Extrusion. In Polymer-Based Additive Manufacturing: Recent Developments (85-113). American Chemical Society. https://doi.org/10.1021/bk-2019-1315.ch006

• Acceptance Date: Feb 22, 2019
• Online Publication Date: Jun 19, 2019
• Publication Date: Jun 19, 2019
• Deposit Date: May 21, 2019
• Publicly Available Date: Aug 20, 2019
• Publisher: American Chemical Society
• Pages: 85-113
• Series Title: ACS Symposium Series
• Series Number: 1315
• Book Title: Polymer-Based Additive Manufacturing: Recent Developments
• Chapter Number: 6
• ISBN: 9780841234260
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/bk-2019-1315.ch006
• Public URL: https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/output/2076728