Loss of ancestral function in duckweed roots is accompanied by progressive anatomical reduction and a re-distribution of nutrient transporters

Ware, Alexander; Jones, Dylan H.; Flis, Paulina; Chrysanthou, Elina; Smith, Kellie E.; Kümpers, Britta M.C.; Yant, Levi; Atkinson, Jonathan A.; Wells, Darren M.; Bhosale, Rahul; Bishopp, Anthony

Abstract

Organ loss occurs frequently during plant and animal evolution. Sometimes, non-functional organs are retained through evolution. Vestigial organs are defined as genetically determined structures that have lost their ancestral (or salient) function. Duckweeds, an aquatic monocot family, exhibit both these characteristics. They possess a uniquely simple body plan, variably across five genera, two of which are rootless. Due to the existence of closely related species with a wide diversity in rooting strategies, duckweed roots represent a powerful system for investigating vestigiality. To explore this, we employed a panel of physiological, ionomic, and transcriptomic analyses, with the main goal of elucidating the extent of vestigiality in duckweed roots. We uncovered a progressive reduction in root anatomy as genera diverge and revealed that the root has lost its salient ancestral function as an organ required for supplying nutrients to the plant. Accompanying this, nutrient transporter expression patterns have lost the stereotypical root biased localization observed in other plant species. While other examples of organ loss such as limbs in reptiles or eyes in cavefish frequently display a binary of presence/absence, duckweeds provide a unique snapshot of an organ with varying degrees of vestigialization in closely related neighbors and thus provide a unique resource for exploration of how organs behave at different stages along the process of loss.

Citation

Ware, A., Jones, D. H., Flis, P., Chrysanthou, E., Smith, K. E., Kümpers, B. M., …Bishopp, A. (2023). Loss of ancestral function in duckweed roots is accompanied by progressive anatomical reduction and a re-distribution of nutrient transporters. Current Biology, 33(9), 1795-1802. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2023.03.025

• Journal Article Type: Article
• Acceptance Date: Mar 9, 2023
• Online Publication Date: Mar 28, 2023
• Publication Date: May 8, 2023
• Deposit Date: Apr 12, 2023
• Publicly Available Date: Apr 17, 2023
• Journal: Current Biology
• Print ISSN: 0960-9822
• Electronic ISSN: 1879-0445
• Publisher: Cell Press
• Peer Reviewed: Peer Reviewed
• Volume: 33
• Issue: 9
• Article Number: j.cub.2023.03.025
• Pages: 1795-1802
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2023.03.025
• Keywords: root biology, vestigialization, nutrient transport, organ loss, duckweed, root anatomy, evolution
• Public URL: https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/output/19009616
• Publisher URL: https://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(23)00313-5?_returnURL=https%3A%2F%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%2Fretrieve%2Fpii%2FS0960982223003135%3Fshowall%3Dtrue#secsectitle0015