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Three dimensional nanoscale analysis reveals aperiodic mesopores in a covalent organic framework and conjugated microporous polymer

Stoppiello, Craig T.; Isla, Helena; Martínez-Abadía, Marta; Fay, Michael W.; Parmenter, Christopher D. J.; Roe, Martin J.; Lerma-Berlanga, Belén; Martí-Gastaldo, Carlos; Mateo-Alonso, Aurelio; Khlobystov, Andrei N.

Three dimensional nanoscale analysis reveals aperiodic mesopores in a covalent organic framework and conjugated microporous polymer Thumbnail


Authors

Craig T. Stoppiello

Helena Isla

Marta Martínez-Abadía

Christopher D. J. Parmenter

Martin J. Roe

Belén Lerma-Berlanga

Carlos Martí-Gastaldo

Aurelio Mateo-Alonso



Abstract

The integrated analytical approach developed in this study offers a powerful methodology for the structural characterization of complex molecular nanomaterials. Structures of a covalent organic framework based on boronate esters (COF-5) and a conjugated microporous polymer (Aza-CMP) have been investigated by a combination of several electron microscopy techniques elucidating the three-dimensional topology of the complex polycrystalline (COF) and non-crystalline (CMP) materials. Unexpected, aperiodic mesoporous channels of 20-50 nm in diameter were found to be penetrating the COF and CMP particles, which cannot be detected by X-ray diffraction techniques. The mesopores appear to be stable under a range of different conditions and accessible to gas molecules, exhibiting a particular bonding capability with CO2 in the case of the CMP. The mesoporosity appears to be unrelated to the intrinsic chemical structures of the COF or CMP but rather it reflects the dynamics of polymer particle formation in a polycondensation reaction. The mesopores may be templated by clusters of solvent molecules during the COF or CMP synthesis, leaving cavities within the polymer particles. The unexpected mesoporosity discovered in COF and CMP materials begs for re-assessment of the nature of framework materials and may open new opportunities for applications of these molecular materials in gas sorption or catalysis.

Citation

Stoppiello, C. T., Isla, H., Martínez-Abadía, M., Fay, M. W., Parmenter, C. D. J., Roe, M. J., …Khlobystov, A. N. (2019). Three dimensional nanoscale analysis reveals aperiodic mesopores in a covalent organic framework and conjugated microporous polymer. Nanoscale, 11(6), 2848-2854. https://doi.org/10.1039/c8nr10086a

Journal Article Type Article
Acceptance Date Jan 4, 2019
Online Publication Date Jan 25, 2019
Publication Date Feb 14, 2019
Deposit Date Mar 5, 2019
Publicly Available Date Mar 28, 2024
Journal Nanoscale
Print ISSN 2040-3364
Electronic ISSN 2040-3372
Publisher Royal Society of Chemistry
Peer Reviewed Peer Reviewed
Volume 11
Issue 6
Pages 2848-2854
DOI https://doi.org/10.1039/c8nr10086a
Keywords General Materials Science
Public URL https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/output/1603602
Publisher URL https://pubs.rsc.org/en/Content/ArticleLanding/2019/NR/C8NR10086A#!divAbstract
Additional Information : This document is Similarity Check deposited; : Supplementary Information; : Craig T. Stoppiello (ORCID); : Craig T. Stoppiello (ResearcherID); : Marta Martínez-Abadía (ORCID); : Michael W. Fay (ORCID); : Carlos Martí-Gastaldo (ORCID); : Carlos Martí-Gastaldo (ResearcherID); : Aurelio Mateo-Alonso (ORCID); : Aurelio Mateo-Alonso (ResearcherID); : Andrei N. Khlobystov (ORCID); : Andrei N. Khlobystov (ResearcherID); : Single-blind; : Received 21 December 2018; Accepted 4 January 2019; Advance Article published 25 January 2019; Version of Record published 7 February 2019

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