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On the real catalytically active species for CO2 fixation into cyclic carbonates under near ambient conditions: dissociation equilibrium of [BMIm][Fe(NO)2Cl2] dependant on reaction temperature

Leu, Meike K.; Vicente, Isabel; Fernandes, Jesum Alves; de Pedro, Imanol; Dupont, Jairton; Sans, Victor; Licence, Peter; Gual, Aitor; Cano, Israel

On the real catalytically active species for CO2 fixation into cyclic carbonates under near ambient conditions: dissociation equilibrium of [BMIm][Fe(NO)2Cl2] dependant on reaction temperature Thumbnail


Authors

Meike K. Leu

Isabel Vicente

Imanol de Pedro

Jairton Dupont

Victor Sans

Aitor Gual

Israel Cano



Abstract

An imidazolium based iron-containing ionic liquid [BMIm][Fe(NO)2Cl2] (BMIm = 1-n-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium) has been synthesized for the first time and fully characterized employing a wide range of techniques. The iron-based containing ionic liquid was found to be an active catalyst for the cycloaddition of CO2 to epoxides, giving high conversions for various substrates under near ambient conditions. In addition, the catalytic system showed a good recycling performance for five consecutive reaction cycles. Key mechanistic studies demonstrated that a bifunctional catalytic system is generated in situ by the partial dissociation of the iron-based ionic liquid into [BMIm][Cl], which results in a very efficient catalyst without the need of any additive or co-catalyst. The metal center plays a role as Lewis acid and activate the epoxide group, and the chloride anion, as part of [BMIm][Cl] moiety, acts as nucleophile and leads to the ring opening through a nucleophilic attack on the less sterically-hindered Cβ. The process is favoured by an interaction via H-bonding between the substrate and the H–C2 of the imidazolium ring, as was demonstrated by additional experiments. Kinetic studies indicated that the process followed first-order kinetics with respect to epoxide concentration and proved the existence of a reversible coordination/de-coordination equilibrium in which the active species are generated from the [BMIm][Fe(NO)2Cl2] complex.

Citation

Leu, M. K., Vicente, I., Fernandes, J. A., de Pedro, I., Dupont, J., Sans, V., …Cano, I. (2019). On the real catalytically active species for CO2 fixation into cyclic carbonates under near ambient conditions: dissociation equilibrium of [BMIm][Fe(NO)2Cl2] dependant on reaction temperature. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 245, 240-250. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2018.12.062

Journal Article Type Article
Acceptance Date Dec 23, 2018
Online Publication Date Dec 24, 2018
Publication Date May 15, 2019
Deposit Date Jan 9, 2019
Publicly Available Date Mar 28, 2024
Journal Applied Catalysis B: Environmental
Print ISSN 0926-3373
Publisher Elsevier
Peer Reviewed Peer Reviewed
Volume 245
Pages 240-250
DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2018.12.062
Keywords Bifunctional catalyst; CO2 cycloaddition; Iron-containing ionic liquid; Kinetic studies; Mechanistic studies
Public URL https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/output/1460631
Publisher URL https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0926337318312153?via%3Dihub

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