Signs of environmental effects on star-forming galaxies in the Spiderweb protocluster at z = 2.16

Pérez-Martínez, J. M.; Dannerbauer, H.; Kodama, T.; Koyama, Y.; Shimakawa, R.; Suzuki, T. L.; Calvi, R.; Chen, Z.; Daikuhara, K.; Hatch, N. A.; Laza-Ramos, A.; Sobral, D.; Stott, J. P.; Tanaka, I.

Abstract

We use multi-object near-infrared spectroscopy with VLT/KMOS to investigate the role of the environment in the evolution of the ionized gas properties of narrow-band-selected H α emitters (HAEs) in the Spiderweb protocluster at z = 2.16. Based on rest-frame optical emission lines, H α and [N II]λ6584, we confirm the cluster membership of 39 of our targets (i.e. 93 per cent success rate), and measure their star formation rates (SFR), gas-phase oxygen abundances, and effective radius. We parametrize the environment where our targets reside using local and global density indicators based on previous samples of spectroscopic and narrow-band cluster members. We find that star-forming galaxies embedded in the Spiderweb protocluster display SFRs compatible with those of the main sequence and morphologies comparable to those of late-type galaxies at z = 2.2 in the field. We also report a mild gas-phase metallicity enhancement (0.06 ± 0.03 dex) at intermediate stellar masses. Furthermore, we identify two UVJ-selected quiescent galaxies with residual H α-based star formation and find signs of extreme dust obscuration in a small sample of starbursty submillimetre galaxies based on their FIR and H α emission. Interestingly, the spatial distribution of these objects differs from the rest of HAEs, avoiding the protocluster core. Finally, we explore the gas fraction-gas metallicity diagram for seven galaxies with molecular gas masses measured by ATCA using CO(1−0). In the context of the gas-regulator model, our objects are consistent with relatively low mass-loading factors, suggesting lower outflow activity than field samples at the cosmic noon and thus, hinting at the onset of environmental effects in this massive protocluster.

Citation

Pérez-Martínez, J. M., Dannerbauer, H., Kodama, T., Koyama, Y., Shimakawa, R., Suzuki, T. L., Calvi, R., Chen, Z., Daikuhara, K., Hatch, N. A., Laza-Ramos, A., Sobral, D., Stott, J. P., & Tanaka, I. (2023). Signs of environmental effects on star-forming galaxies in the Spiderweb protocluster at z = 2.16. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 518(2), 1707-1734. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac2784

• Journal Article Type: Article
• Acceptance Date: Sep 21, 2022
• Online Publication Date: Sep 29, 2022
• Publication Date: 2023-01
• Deposit Date: Oct 25, 2022
• Publicly Available Date: Oct 26, 2022
• Journal: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
• Print ISSN: 0035-8711
• Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
• Publisher: Oxford University Press
• Peer Reviewed: Peer Reviewed
• Volume: 518
• Issue: 2
• Pages: 1707-1734
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac2784
• Keywords: Galaxies: abundances, galaxies: clusters: individual: PKS 1138-262, galaxies: evolution, galaxies: high-redshift, galaxies: star formation
• Public URL: https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/output/11756117
• Publisher URL: https://academic.oup.com/mnras/advance-article-abstract/doi/10.1093/mnras/stac2784/6731660
• Additional Information: This is a pre-copyedited, author-produced PDF of an article accepted for publication in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society following peer review. The version of record J M Pérez-Martínez, H Dannerbauer, T Kodama, Y Koyama, R Shimakawa, T L Suzuki, R Calvi, Z Chen, K Daikuhara, N A Hatch, A Laza-Ramos, D Sobral, J P Stott, I Tanaka, Signs of environmental effects on star-forming galaxies in the Spiderweb protocluster at z = 2.16, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Volume 518, Issue 2, January 2023, Pages 1707–1734 is available online at: https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article-abstract/518/2/1707/6731660