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Outputs (3)

Military Justice and the Punishment of Atrocity Crimes in Afghanistan and Iraq (2024)
Book Chapter
White, N. D. (2024). Military Justice and the Punishment of Atrocity Crimes in Afghanistan and Iraq. In R. Mulgrew, & M. J. Christensen (Eds.), Research Handbook on the Punishment of Atrocity Crimes (387-406). Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781035312917.00028

The adjective ‘atrocity’ reflects the uniqueness of atrocity crimes and their separateness from normal criminal conduct. This chapter examines the distinction between ‘ordinary’ crimes and ‘atrocity crimes’ to provide a critical framework for the e... Read More about Military Justice and the Punishment of Atrocity Crimes in Afghanistan and Iraq.

Countermeasures and sanctions (2024)
Book Chapter
White, N. D. (2024). Countermeasures and sanctions. In M. Evans (Ed.), International Law (521-547). Oxford University Press (OUP)

The issue of enforcement by means of non-forcible measures is one of the least developed areas of international law. Two legal regimes are relatively clear—non- forcible countermeasures taken by States (countermeasures) and non-forcible measures take... Read More about Countermeasures and sanctions.