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Professor RACHAEL TARLINTON's Outputs (57)

High prevalence and risk factors of feline leukemia virus infection in Chilean urban cats (Felis catus). (2024)
Journal Article
Castillo-Aliaga, C., Castro-Seriche, S., Jerez-Morales, A., & Tarlinton, R. (2024). High prevalence and risk factors of feline leukemia virus infection in Chilean urban cats (Felis catus). Research in Veterinary Science, 180, Article 105403. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105403

Feline Leukemia Virus is a retrovirus causing fatal disease in domestic cats. While FeLV has been controlled in many countries, it remains a major concern in Latin American countries. This study conducted an epidemiological survey of FeLV in 182 Chil... Read More about High prevalence and risk factors of feline leukemia virus infection in Chilean urban cats (Felis catus)..

Multiple novel caliciviruses identified from stoats (Mustela erminea) in the United Kingdom (2024)
Journal Article
Hinds, J., Apaa, T., Parry, R. H., Withers, A. J., MacKenzie, L., Staley, C., Morrison, J., Bennett, M., Bremner-Harrison, S., Chadwick, E. A., Hailer, F., Harrison, S. W., Lambin, X., Loose, M., Mathews, F., Tarlinton, R., & Blanchard, A. (2024). Multiple novel caliciviruses identified from stoats (Mustela erminea) in the United Kingdom. Access Microbiology, 6(7), Article 000813.v4. https://doi.org/10.1099/acmi.0.000813.v4

The Caliciviridae family, comprising positive-sense RNA viruses, is characterised by its non-enveloped, small virions, broad host range, and notable tendency for host switching. These viruses are primarily associated with gastroenteric disease, thoug... Read More about Multiple novel caliciviruses identified from stoats (Mustela erminea) in the United Kingdom.

Ocrelizumab B cell depletion has no effect on HERV RNA expression in PBMC in MS patients (2024)
Journal Article
Tarlinton, R., Tanasescu, R., Shannon-Lowe, C., & Gran, B. (2024). Ocrelizumab B cell depletion has no effect on HERV RNA expression in PBMC in MS patients. Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders, 86, Article 105597. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msard.2024.105597

Background
Epstein barr virus (EBV) infection of B cells is now understood to be one of the triggering events for the development of Multiple Sclerosis (MS), a progressive immune-mediated disease of the central nervous system. EBV infection is also... Read More about Ocrelizumab B cell depletion has no effect on HERV RNA expression in PBMC in MS patients.

Lack of detection of SARS-CoV-2 in wildlife from Kerala, India in 2020–21 (2024)
Journal Article
Zachariah, A., Krishnankutty, S. P., Manazhi, J., Omanakuttan, V., Santosh, S., Blanchard, A., & Tarlinton, R. (2024). Lack of detection of SARS-CoV-2 in wildlife from Kerala, India in 2020–21. Access Microbiology, 6(1), Article 000686. https://doi.org/10.1099/acmi.0.000686.v3

Spillover of SARS-CoV-2 into a variety of wild and domestic animals has been an ongoing feature of the human pandemic. The establishment of a new reservoir in white-tailed deer in North America and increasing divergence of the viruses circulating in... Read More about Lack of detection of SARS-CoV-2 in wildlife from Kerala, India in 2020–21.

UK flockdown: A survey of smallscale poultry keepers and their understanding of governmental guidance on highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) (2024)
Journal Article
McClaughlin, E., Elliott, S., Jewitt, S., Smallman-Raynor, M., Dunham, S., Parnell, T., …Tarlinton, R. (2024). UK flockdown: A survey of smallscale poultry keepers and their understanding of governmental guidance on highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI). Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 224, Article 106117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106117

The scale of the current outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) due to the A/H5N1 virus in the United Kingdom is unprecedented. In addition to its economic impact on the commercial poultry sector, the disease has devastated wild bird co... Read More about UK flockdown: A survey of smallscale poultry keepers and their understanding of governmental guidance on highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI).

Veterinarians' knowledge and experience of avian influenza and perspectives on control measures in the United Kingdom (2024)
Journal Article
Jewitt, S., Mcclaughlin, E., Elliott, S., Smallman-Raynor, M., Clark, M., Dunham, S., & Tarlinton, R. (2024). Veterinarians' knowledge and experience of avian influenza and perspectives on control measures in the United Kingdom. Veterinary Record, 195(5), Article e3713. https://doi.org/10.1002/vetr.3713

Background
The scale of the outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) in 2021–23 due to the influenza A/H5N1 virus is unprecedented.

Methods
An online survey was designed to explore veterinarians’ experiences of and confidence in trea... Read More about Veterinarians' knowledge and experience of avian influenza and perspectives on control measures in the United Kingdom.

Veterinarians’ knowledge and experience of avian influenza and perspectives on control measures in the UK (2024)
Journal Article
Jewitt, S., McClaughlin, E., Elliott, S., Smallman-Raynor, M., Clark, M., Dunham, S., & Tarlinton, R. (2024). Veterinarians’ knowledge and experience of avian influenza and perspectives on control measures in the UK. Veterinary Record, 195(5), Article e3713. https://doi.org/10.1002/vetr.3713

Background
The scale of the outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) in 2021–23 due to the influenza A/H5N1 virus is unprecedented.

Methods
An online survey was designed to explore veterinarians’ experiences of and confidence in trea... Read More about Veterinarians’ knowledge and experience of avian influenza and perspectives on control measures in the UK.

Antiviral activity of salt-coated materials against SARS-CoV-2 (2023)
Journal Article
Coleman, C. M., Wang, B., Wang, Y., Tapia-Brito, E., Chen, Z., Riffat, J., Riffat, S., Tarlinton, R., & Ghaemmaghami, A. (2023). Antiviral activity of salt-coated materials against SARS-CoV-2. Access Microbiology, 5(9), Article 000492. https://doi.org/10.1099/acmi.0.000492.v5

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic demonstrated the importance of human coronaviruses and the need to develop materials to prevent the spread of emergent respiratory viruses. Coating of surfaces with antiviral materials is a major interest in controlling spread... Read More about Antiviral activity of salt-coated materials against SARS-CoV-2.

Exploring the responses of smallscale poultry keepers to avian influenza regulations and guidance in the United Kingdom, with recommendations for improved biosecurity messaging (2023)
Journal Article
Jewitt, S., Smallman-Raynor, M., McClaughlin, E., Clark, M., Dunham, S., Elliott, S., …Tarlinton, R. (2023). Exploring the responses of smallscale poultry keepers to avian influenza regulations and guidance in the United Kingdom, with recommendations for improved biosecurity messaging. Heliyon, 9(9), Article E19211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19211

Understanding how smallscale (‘backyard’) poultry keepers interpret and respond to governmental directives designed to reduce the transmission of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) is of paramount importance in preparing for future HPAI outbrea... Read More about Exploring the responses of smallscale poultry keepers to avian influenza regulations and guidance in the United Kingdom, with recommendations for improved biosecurity messaging.

An overview of koala retrovirus epidemiology in Australia (2023)
Journal Article
Tarlinton, R. E. (2023). An overview of koala retrovirus epidemiology in Australia. Technical Reports of the Australian Museum (online), 38, 3-6. https://doi.org/10.3853/j.1835-4211.38.2023.1831

Koala retrovirus (KoRV) epidemiology varies across koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) populations with distinct differences in viral prevalence, sequence diversity, and disease impact. Curiously the more genetically restricted southern populations are le... Read More about An overview of koala retrovirus epidemiology in Australia.

Synthesis of discussions of the Second Koala Retrovirus Workshop, 2021 (2023)
Journal Article
Greenwood, A. D., Alquezar-Planas, D. E., McKay, P. A., Mulot, B., Pye, G. W., Robbins, A., …Higgins, D. P. (2023). Synthesis of discussions of the Second Koala Retrovirus Workshop, 2021. Technical Reports of the Australian Museum (online), 38, 53-82. https://doi.org/10.3853/j.1835-4211.38.2023.1842

This document represents a synthesis of discussions held online at the Second Koala Retrovirus Workshop in 2021. The three days of discussions were based on workshop presentations and comprise: KoRV foundational science (Day 1); applied management of... Read More about Synthesis of discussions of the Second Koala Retrovirus Workshop, 2021.

Sarbecoviruses of British Horseshoe Bats; Sequence Variation and Epidemiology (2023)
Journal Article
Apaa, T., Withers, A. J., Staley, C. E., Blanchard, A. M., Bennett, M., Bremner-Harrison, S., …Tarlinton, R. E. (2023). Sarbecoviruses of British Horseshoe Bats; Sequence Variation and Epidemiology. Journal of General Virology, 104(6), Article 001859. https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.02.14.528476

Horseshoe bats are the natural hosts of the Sarbecovirus subgenus that includes SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV- 2. Despite the devastating impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, there is still little known about the underlying epidemiology and virology of sarbecovi... Read More about Sarbecoviruses of British Horseshoe Bats; Sequence Variation and Epidemiology.

UK Flockdown: Exploring the knowledge, attitudes and practices of backyard poultry keepers surrounding Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) (2023)
Preprint / Working Paper
McClaughlin, E., Elliott, S., Jewitt, S., Smallman-Raynor, M., Dunham, S., Parnell, T., …Tarlinton, R. UK Flockdown: Exploring the knowledge, attitudes and practices of backyard poultry keepers surrounding Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI)

The scale of the current outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) due to the A/H5N1 virus in the United Kingdom is unprecedented. In addition to its economic impact on the commercial poultry sector, the disease has devastated wild bird co... Read More about UK Flockdown: Exploring the knowledge, attitudes and practices of backyard poultry keepers surrounding Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI).

Antiviral activity of salt-coated materials against SARS-CoV-2. (2023)
Preprint / Working Paper
Coleman, C. M., Wang, B., Wang, Y., Tapia-Brito, E., Chen, Z., Riffat, J., Riffat, S., Tarlinton, R., & Ghaemmaghami, A. Antiviral activity of salt-coated materials against SARS-CoV-2

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic demonstrated the importance of human coronaviruses and the need to develop materials to prevent the spread of emergent viruses. Here we describe that simple salt coating on a range of surfaces can degrade SARS-CoV-2.

Associations between small ruminant lentivirus infection and total milk yield and somatic cell count in a dairy sheep flock (2023)
Journal Article
Davies, P., Jones, S., Dunham, S., & Tarlinton, R. E. (2023). Associations between small ruminant lentivirus infection and total milk yield and somatic cell count in a dairy sheep flock. Veterinary Record, 192(11), Article e2731. https://doi.org/10.1002/vetr.2731

Background
Small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLVs) are lentiviruses of sheep and goats, formerly known as maedi–visna (MV) in sheep and caprine encephalitis and arthritis in goats. In sheep, SRLVs commonly cause progressive pneumonia, wasting and indura... Read More about Associations between small ruminant lentivirus infection and total milk yield and somatic cell count in a dairy sheep flock.

Genome Reference Assembly for Bottlenecked Southern Australian Koalas (2022)
Journal Article
Blanchard, A. M., Emes, R. D., Greenwood, A. D., Holmes, N., Loose, M. W., McEwen, G. K., …Tarlinton, R. E. (2023). Genome Reference Assembly for Bottlenecked Southern Australian Koalas. Genome Biology and Evolution, 15(1), Article evac176. https://doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evac176

Koala populations show marked differences in inbreeding levels and in the presence or absence of the endogenous Koala retrovirus (KoRV). These genetic differences among populations may lead to severe disease impacts threatening koala population viabi... Read More about Genome Reference Assembly for Bottlenecked Southern Australian Koalas.

Differential and defective transcription of koala retrovirus indicates the complexity of host and virus evolution (2022)
Journal Article
Tarlinton, R. E., Legione, A. R., Sarker, N., Fabijan, J., Meers, J., McMichael, L., …Emes, R. D. (2022). Differential and defective transcription of koala retrovirus indicates the complexity of host and virus evolution. Journal of General Virology, 103(6), Article 001749. https://doi.org/10.1099/jgv.0.001749

Koala retrovirus (KoRV) is unique amongst endogenous (inherited) retroviruses in that its incorporation to the host genome is still active, providing an opportunity to study what drives this fundamental process in vertebrate genome evolution. Animals... Read More about Differential and defective transcription of koala retrovirus indicates the complexity of host and virus evolution.

Failure to detect Schmallenberg Virus in ram semen in the UK (2016-2018) (2022)
Journal Article
Curwen, A., Jones, S., Stayley, C., Eden, L., McKay, H., Davies, P., …Tarlinton, R. (2022). Failure to detect Schmallenberg Virus in ram semen in the UK (2016-2018). Veterinary Record Open, 9(1), Article e39. https://doi.org/10.1002/vro2.39

Background
Schmallenberg virus is a midge borne arbovirus that first emerged in the European ruminant population in 2011 and has since settled to an endemic pattern of disease The impacts of trade restrictions on genetic products (semen, embryos) f... Read More about Failure to detect Schmallenberg Virus in ram semen in the UK (2016-2018).

Clearance of Maedi-visna infection in a longitudinal study of naturally infected rams is associated with homozygosity for the TMEM154 resistance allele (2022)
Journal Article
Jones, S., McKay, H., Eden, L., Bollard, N., Dunham, S., Davies, P., & Tarlinton, R. (2022). Clearance of Maedi-visna infection in a longitudinal study of naturally infected rams is associated with homozygosity for the TMEM154 resistance allele. Journal of Medical Microbiology, 71(2), Article 001506. https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.001506

Maedi-visna (MV) is a lentiviral disease of sheep responsible for severe production losses in affected flocks. There are no vaccination or treatment options with control reliant on test and cull strategies. The most common diagnostic methods used at... Read More about Clearance of Maedi-visna infection in a longitudinal study of naturally infected rams is associated with homozygosity for the TMEM154 resistance allele.

Serum Cytokine Alterations Associated with Age of Patients with Nephropathia Epidemica (2022)
Journal Article
Shakirova, V., Khaertynova, I., Markelova, M., Tarlinton, R., Behnke, J., Martynova, E., …Khaiboullina, S. (2022). Serum Cytokine Alterations Associated with Age of Patients with Nephropathia Epidemica. BioMed Research International, 2022, Article 4685288. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/4685288

Nephropathia epidemica (NE) is a zoonotic disease caused by hantaviruses transmitted from rodents, endemic in the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia. The disease presents clinically with mild, moderate, and severe forms, and time-dependent febrile, oligur... Read More about Serum Cytokine Alterations Associated with Age of Patients with Nephropathia Epidemica.

Retroviral integrations contribute to elevated host cancer rates during germline invasion (2021)
Journal Article
McEwen, G. K., Alquezar-Planas, D. E., Dayaram, A., Gillett, A., Tarlinton, R., Mongan, N., …Greenwood, A. D. (2021). Retroviral integrations contribute to elevated host cancer rates during germline invasion. Nature Communications, 12(1), https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-21612-7

© 2021, The Author(s). Repeated retroviral infections of vertebrate germlines have made endogenous retroviruses ubiquitous features of mammalian genomes. However, millions of years of evolution obscure many of the immediate repercussions of retrovira... Read More about Retroviral integrations contribute to elevated host cancer rates during germline invasion.

Transcriptomic and genomic variants between koala populations reveals underlying genetic components to disorders in a bottlenecked population (2021)
Journal Article
Tarlinton, R. E., Fabijan, J., Hemmatzadeh, F., Meers, J., Owen, H., Sarker, N., …Emes, R. D. (2021). Transcriptomic and genomic variants between koala populations reveals underlying genetic components to disorders in a bottlenecked population. Conservation Genetics, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-021-01340-7

© 2021, The Author(s). Historical hunting pressures on koalas in the southern part of their range in Australia have led to a marked genetic bottleneck when compared with their northern counterparts. There are a range of suspected genetic disorders su... Read More about Transcriptomic and genomic variants between koala populations reveals underlying genetic components to disorders in a bottlenecked population.

Role of Viruses in the Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis (2020)
Journal Article
Tarlinton, R. E., Martynova, E., Rizvanov, A., Khaiboullina, S., & Verma, S. (2020). Role of Viruses in the Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis. Viruses, 12(6), 643. https://doi.org/10.3390/v12060643

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune inflammatory disease, where the underlying etiological cause remains elusive. Multiple triggering factors have been suggested, including environmental, genetic and gender components. However, underlying infectious... Read More about Role of Viruses in the Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis.

Retrieval of the Complete Coding Sequence of the UK-Endemic Tatenale Orthohantavirus Reveals Extensive Strain Variation and Supports Its Classification as a Novel Species (2020)
Journal Article
Chappell, J. G., Tsoleridis, T., Onianwa, O., Drake, G., Ashpole, I., Dobbs, P., …McClure, C. P. (2020). Retrieval of the Complete Coding Sequence of the UK-Endemic Tatenale Orthohantavirus Reveals Extensive Strain Variation and Supports Its Classification as a Novel Species. Viruses, 12(4), Article 454. https://doi.org/10.3390/v12040454

©2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. Orthohantaviruses are globally distributed viruses, associated with rodents and other small mammals. However, data on the circulation of orthohantaviruses within the UK, particularly the UK-end... Read More about Retrieval of the Complete Coding Sequence of the UK-Endemic Tatenale Orthohantavirus Reveals Extensive Strain Variation and Supports Its Classification as a Novel Species.

Pathological Findings in Koala Retrovirus-positive Koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) from Northern and Southern Australia (2020)
Journal Article
Fabijan, J., Sarker, N., Speight, N., Owen, H., Meers, J., Simmons, G., …Trott, D. J. (2020). Pathological Findings in Koala Retrovirus-positive Koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) from Northern and Southern Australia. Journal of Comparative Pathology, 176, 50-66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcpa.2020.02.003

© 2020 Elsevier Ltd Koala retrovirus (KoRV) infection shows differences in prevalence and load between northern and southern Australian koala populations; however, the effect of this on diseases such as lymphoma and chlamydial disease is unclear. Thi... Read More about Pathological Findings in Koala Retrovirus-positive Koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) from Northern and Southern Australia.

Differential expression of HERV-W in peripheral blood in multiple sclerosis and healthy patients in two different ethnic groups (2020)
Journal Article
Tarlinton, R., Wang, B., Morandi, E., Gran, B., Khaibullin, T., Martynova, E., …Khaiboullina, S. (2020). Differential expression of HERV-W in peripheral blood in multiple sclerosis and healthy patients in two different ethnic groups. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 10, Article 1645. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2019.01645

Copyright © 2020 Tarlinton, Wang, Morandi, Gran, Khaiboullin, Martynova, Rizvanov and Khaiboullina. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction... Read More about Differential expression of HERV-W in peripheral blood in multiple sclerosis and healthy patients in two different ethnic groups.

Novel insights into viral infection and oncogenesis from Koala Retrovirus (KoRV) infection of HEK293T cells (2020)
Journal Article
Sarker, N., Tarlinton, R., Owen, H., David Emes, R., Seddon, J., Simmons, G., & Meers, J. (2020). Novel insights into viral infection and oncogenesis from Koala Retrovirus (KoRV) infection of HEK293T cells. Gene, 733, Article 144366. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gene.2020.144366

Koala retrovirus is thought to be an underlying cause of high levels of neoplasia and immunosuppression in koalas. While epidemiology studies suggest a strong link between KoRV and disease it has been difficult to prove causality because of the compl... Read More about Novel insights into viral infection and oncogenesis from Koala Retrovirus (KoRV) infection of HEK293T cells.

Koala retrovirus viral load and disease burden in distinct northern and southern koala populations (2020)
Journal Article
Sarker, N., Fabijan, J., Owen, H., Seddon, J., Simmons, G., Speight, N., …Tarlinton, R. E. (2020). Koala retrovirus viral load and disease burden in distinct northern and southern koala populations. Scientific Reports, 10(1), 263. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-56546-0

Koala retrovirus (KoRV) displays features of both an endogenous and exogenous virus and is linked to neoplasia and immunosuppression in koalas. This study explores the apparent differences in the nature and impact of KoRV infection between geographic... Read More about Koala retrovirus viral load and disease burden in distinct northern and southern koala populations.

Discovery and Prevalence of Divergent RNA Viruses in European Field Voles and Rabbits (2019)
Journal Article
Tsoleridis, T., Chappell, J. G., Monchatre-Leroy, E., Umhang, G., Shi, M., Bennett, M., …Ball, J. K. (2019). Discovery and Prevalence of Divergent RNA Viruses in European Field Voles and Rabbits. Viruses, 12(1), Article 47. https://doi.org/10.3390/v12010047

The advent of unbiased metagenomic virus discovery has revolutionized studies of virus biodiversity and evolution. Despite this, our knowledge of the virosphere, including in mammalian species, remains limited. We used unbiased metagenomic sequencing... Read More about Discovery and Prevalence of Divergent RNA Viruses in European Field Voles and Rabbits.

Schmallenberg Virus Neutralising Antibody Responses in Sheep (2019)
Journal Article
Jones, S., Eden, L., McKay, H., Bollard, N., Dunham, S., Davies, P., & Tarlinton, R. (2019). Schmallenberg Virus Neutralising Antibody Responses in Sheep. BMC Veterinary Research, 15, Article 426. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-019-2139-7

Schmallenberg virus (SBV) is a midge borne virus of cattle and sheep. Infection is typically asymptomatic in adult sheep but fetal infection during pregnancy can result in abortion, stillbirth, neurological disorders and malformations of variable sev... Read More about Schmallenberg Virus Neutralising Antibody Responses in Sheep.

Δccr5 Genotype Is Associated with Mild Form of Nephropathia Epidemica (2019)
Journal Article
Kletenkov, K., Martynova, E., Davidyuk, Y., Kabwe, E., Shamsutdinov, A., Garanina, E., …Morzunov, S. (2019). Δccr5 Genotype Is Associated with Mild Form of Nephropathia Epidemica. Viruses, 11(7), Article 675. https://doi.org/10.3390/v11070675

Nephropathia Epidemica (NE), a mild form of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and linked to hantavirus infection, is endemic in the Republic of Tatarstan. Several genetic markers of HFRS severity have been identified previously, including... Read More about Δccr5 Genotype Is Associated with Mild Form of Nephropathia Epidemica.

Genetic diversity of Koala retrovirus env gene subtypes: insights into northern and southern koala populations (2019)
Journal Article
Sarker, N., Fabijan, J., Seddon, J., Tarlinton, R., Owen, H., Simmons, G., …Meers, J. (2019). Genetic diversity of Koala retrovirus env gene subtypes: insights into northern and southern koala populations. Journal of General Virology, 100(9), 1328-1339. https://doi.org/10.1099/jgv.0.001304

Koala retrovirus (KoRV) is a recently endogenised retrovirus associated with neoplasia and immunosuppression in koala populations. The virus is known to display sequence variability and to be present at varying prevalence in different populations, wi... Read More about Genetic diversity of Koala retrovirus env gene subtypes: insights into northern and southern koala populations.

Cytokine Storm Combined with Humoral Immune Response Defect in Fatal Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome Case, Tatarstan, Russia (2019)
Journal Article
Garanina, E., Martynova, E., Davidyuk, Y., Kabwe, E., Ivanov, K., Titova, A., …Morzunov, S. (2019). Cytokine Storm Combined with Humoral Immune Response Defect in Fatal Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome Case, Tatarstan, Russia. Viruses, 11(7), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.3390/v11070601

Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is endemic in Tatarstan, where thousands of cases are registered annually. Puumala orthohantavirus is commonly detected in human case samples as well as in captured bank voles, the rodent hosts. The pathog... Read More about Cytokine Storm Combined with Humoral Immune Response Defect in Fatal Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome Case, Tatarstan, Russia.

Shared common ancestry of rodent alphacoronaviruses sampled globally (2019)
Journal Article
Tsoleridis, T., Chappell, J. G., Onianwa, O., Marston, D. A., Fooks, A. R., Monchatre‐leroy, E., …K 7 Ball, J. (2019). Shared common ancestry of rodent alphacoronaviruses sampled globally. Viruses, 11(2), Article 125. https://doi.org/10.3390/v11020125

The recent discovery of novel alphacoronaviruses (alpha-CoVs) in European and Asian rodents revealed that rodent coronaviruses (CoVs) sampled worldwide formed a discrete phylogenetic group within this genus. To determine the evolutionary history of r... Read More about Shared common ancestry of rodent alphacoronaviruses sampled globally.

Do Antiretroviral Drugs Protect From Multiple Sclerosis By Inhibiting Expression Of MS-Associated Retrovirus? (2019)
Journal Article
Morandi, E., Tanasescu, R., Tarlington, R., Constantin-Teodosiu, D., & Gran, B. (2019). Do Antiretroviral Drugs Protect From Multiple Sclerosis By Inhibiting Expression Of MS-Associated Retrovirus?. Frontiers in Immunology, 9, Article 3092. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2018.03092

The expression of human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) has been associated with Multiple Sclerosis (MS). The MS-related retrovirus (MSRV/HERV-W) has the potential to activate inflammatory immunity, which could promote both susceptibility and progres... Read More about Do Antiretroviral Drugs Protect From Multiple Sclerosis By Inhibiting Expression Of MS-Associated Retrovirus?.

The interaction between viral and environmental risk factors in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (2019)
Journal Article
Tarlinton, R., Khaibullin, T., Granatov, E., Martynova, E., Rizvanov, A., & Khaiboullina, S. (2019). The interaction between viral and environmental risk factors in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 20(2), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20020303

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic debilitating inflammatory disease of unknown ethology targeting the central nervous system (CNS). MS has a polysymptomatic onset and is usually first diagnosed between the ages of 20–40 years. The pathology of the... Read More about The interaction between viral and environmental risk factors in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis.

A survey to determine the farm level impact of Schmallenberg virus during the 2016-17 UK lambing season (2018)
Journal Article
Stokes, J. E., Tarlinton, R. E., Lovatt, F., Baylis, M., Carson, A., & Duncan, J. S. (2018). A survey to determine the farm level impact of Schmallenberg virus during the 2016-17 UK lambing season. Veterinary Record, https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.104866

Schmallenberg virus (SBV) causes abortions, still births and fetal malformations in naive ruminants. The impact of the initial outbreak (2011/2012) on British sheep farms has been previously investigated, with higher farmer perceived impacts and incr... Read More about A survey to determine the farm level impact of Schmallenberg virus during the 2016-17 UK lambing season.

Identification of stable reference genes for quantitative PCR in koalas (2018)
Journal Article
Sarker, N., Fabijan, J., Emes, R. D., Hemmatzadeh, F., Meers, J., Moreton, J., Owen, H., Seddon, J., Simmons, G., Speight, N., Trott, D., Woolford, L., & Tarlinton, R. E. (in press). Identification of stable reference genes for quantitative PCR in koalas. Scientific Reports, 8, Article 3364. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-21723-0

To better understand host and immune response to diseases, gene expression studies require identification of reference genes with stable expression for accurate normalisation. This study describes the identification and testing of reference genes wit... Read More about Identification of stable reference genes for quantitative PCR in koalas.

How is Europe positioned for a re-emergence of Schmallenberg virus? (2017)
Journal Article
Tarlinton, R., Gough, K., Maddison, B., Stavrou, A., Daly, J. M., Maddison, B. C., …Tarlinton, R. E. (2017). How is Europe positioned for a re-emergence of Schmallenberg virus?. Veterinary Journal, 230, 45-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2017.04.009

The Schmallenberg virus (SBV) caused a large scale epidemic in Europe from 2011–2013 infecting ruminants and causing fetal deformities after infection of pregnant animals. The main impacts of the virus were financial losses due to animal, meat and se... Read More about How is Europe positioned for a re-emergence of Schmallenberg virus?.

The association between human endogenous retroviruses and multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2017)
Journal Article
Morandi, E., Tanasescu, R., Tarlinton, R. E., Constantinescu, C. S., Zhang, W., Tench, C. R., & Gran, B. (2017). The association between human endogenous retroviruses and multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS ONE, 12(2), Article e0172415. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0172415

Background:
The interaction between genetic and environmental factors is crucial to multiple sclerosis (MS) pathogenesis. Human Endogenous Retroviruses (HERVs) are endogenous viral elements of the human genome whose expression is associated with MS.... Read More about The association between human endogenous retroviruses and multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Canine parvovirus (CPV-2) variants circulating in Nigerian dogs (2016)
Journal Article
Apaa, T., Daly, J. M., & Tarlinton, R. E. (2016). Canine parvovirus (CPV-2) variants circulating in Nigerian dogs. Veterinary Record Open, 3(1), Article e000198. https://doi.org/10.1136/vetreco-2016-000198

Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) is a highly contagious viral disease with three variants (CPV-2a, CPV-2b and CPV-2c) currently circulating in dogs worldwide. The main aim of this study was to determine the prevalent CPV-2 variant in faecal samples f... Read More about Canine parvovirus (CPV-2) variants circulating in Nigerian dogs.

Is gibbon ape leukaemia virus still a threat? (2016)
Journal Article
Brown, K., & Tarlinton, R. E. (2016). Is gibbon ape leukaemia virus still a threat?. Mammal Review, 47(1), 53-61. https://doi.org/10.1111/mam.12079

In the late 1960s and early 1970s, an outbreak of lymphoma and leukaemia in gibbons (Hylobatidae), attributed to the retrovirus gibbon ape leukaemia virus (GALV), was widely reported in the literature. The virus was identified in captive gibbon colon... Read More about Is gibbon ape leukaemia virus still a threat?.

RNA expression of TLR10 in normal equine tissues (2016)
Journal Article
Tarlinton, R. E., Alder, L., Moreton, J., Maboni, G., Emes, R. D., & Tötemeyer, S. (2016). RNA expression of TLR10 in normal equine tissues. BMC Research Notes, 9, Article 353. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-016-2161-9

Background: Toll like receptors are one of the major innate immune system pathogen recognition systems. There is little data on the expression of the TLR10 member of this family in the horse.

Results: This paper describes the genetic structure of... Read More about RNA expression of TLR10 in normal equine tissues.

Discovery of novel alphacoronaviruses in European rodents and shrews (2016)
Journal Article
Tsoleridis, T., Onianwa, O., Horncastle, E., Dayman, E., Zhu, M., Danjittrong, T., …McClure, P. (2016). Discovery of novel alphacoronaviruses in European rodents and shrews. Viruses, 8(3), Article 84. https://doi.org/10.3390/v8030084

Eight hundred and thirteen European rodents and shrews encompassing seven different species were screened for alphacoronaviruses using PCR detection. Novel alphacoronaviruses were detected in the species Rattus norvegicus, Microtus agrestis, Sorex ar... Read More about Discovery of novel alphacoronaviruses in European rodents and shrews.

Multiple sclerosis between genetics and infections: human endogenous retroviruses in monocytes and macrophages (2015)
Journal Article
Morandi, E., Tarlinton, R., & Gran, B. (2015). Multiple sclerosis between genetics and infections: human endogenous retroviruses in monocytes and macrophages. Frontiers in Immunology, 6, https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2015.00647

The etiology of multiple sclerosis (MS) is still unknown, but there is strong evidence that genetic predisposition associated with environmental factors can trigger the disease. An estimated 30 million years ago, exogenous retroviruses are thought to... Read More about Multiple sclerosis between genetics and infections: human endogenous retroviruses in monocytes and macrophages.

Longitudinal study of Asian elephants, Elephas maximus, indicates intermittent shedding of elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus 1 during pregnancy (2015)
Journal Article
Bennett, L., Dunham, S. P., Yon, L., Chapman, S., Kenaghan, M., Purdie, L., & Tarlinton, R. E. (2015). Longitudinal study of Asian elephants, Elephas maximus, indicates intermittent shedding of elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus 1 during pregnancy. Veterinary Record Open, 2(1), Article e000088. https://doi.org/10.1136/vetreco-2014-000088

Introduction: EEHV-1 is a viral infection of elephants that has been associated with a fatal haemorrhagic syndrome in Asian elephants. Previous studies have suggested that pregnant animals may shed more virus than non-pregnant animals.
Methods: This... Read More about Longitudinal study of Asian elephants, Elephas maximus, indicates intermittent shedding of elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus 1 during pregnancy.

Seroprevalence of Schmallenberg virus in the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland: 2011-2013 (2015)
Journal Article
Tarlinton, R., King, B., O'Shea Brown, T., & Daly, J. M. (2015). Seroprevalence of Schmallenberg virus in the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland: 2011-2013. Veterinary Microbiology, 180(1-2), 36-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2015.07.025

© 2015 Elsevier B.V. Since its identification in late 2011, Schmallenberg virus (SBV) spread rapidly across Europe. Using archived samples from domestic ruminants collected between October 2011 and June 2013, the seroprevalence in the United Kingdom... Read More about Seroprevalence of Schmallenberg virus in the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland: 2011-2013.

Comparison of Schmallenberg virus antibody levels detected in milk and serum from individual cows (2015)
Journal Article
Daly, J. M., King, B., Tarlinton, R. A., Gough, K. C., Maddison, B. C., & Blowey, R. (2015). Comparison of Schmallenberg virus antibody levels detected in milk and serum from individual cows. BMC Veterinary Research, 11, Article 56. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-015-0365-1

© Daly et al.; licensee BioMed Central. Background: Schmallenberg virus (SBV) is a recently emerged virus of ruminants in Europe. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) are commonly used to detect SBV-specific antibodies in bulk tank milk samples... Read More about Comparison of Schmallenberg virus antibody levels detected in milk and serum from individual cows.

Multiple groups of endogenous epsilon-like retroviruses conserved across primates (2014)
Journal Article
Brown, K., Emes, R. D., & Tarlinton, R. E. (2014). Multiple groups of endogenous epsilon-like retroviruses conserved across primates. Journal of Virology, 88(21), https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.00966-14

Several types of cancer in fish are caused by retroviruses, including those responsible for major outbreaks of disease, such as walleye dermal sarcoma virus and salmon swim bladder sarcoma virus. These viruses form a phylogenetic group often describe... Read More about Multiple groups of endogenous epsilon-like retroviruses conserved across primates.

Characterisation of the horse transcriptome from immunologically active tissues (2014)
Journal Article
Moreton, J., Malla, S., Aboobaker, A., Tarlinton, R. E., & Emes, R. D. (2014). Characterisation of the horse transcriptome from immunologically active tissues. PeerJ, 2, Article e382. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.382

The immune system of the horse has not been well studied, despite the fact that the horse displays several features such as sensitivity to bacterial lipopolysaccharide that make them in many ways a more suitable model of some human disorders than the... Read More about Characterisation of the horse transcriptome from immunologically active tissues.

Characterisation of a group of endogenous gammaretroviruses in the canine genome (2013)
Journal Article
Tarlinton, R. E., Barfoot, H. K., Allen, C. E., Brown, K., Gifford, R. J., & Emes, R. D. (2013). Characterisation of a group of endogenous gammaretroviruses in the canine genome. Veterinary Journal, 196(1), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2012.08.011

Bioinformatics were used to identify and characterise 39 pol, 34 gag and five env gammaretroviruses within the canine (Canis lupus familiaris) reference genome. These endogenous retroviruses are monophyletic to the Canidae, predate the divergence of... Read More about Characterisation of a group of endogenous gammaretroviruses in the canine genome.

The challenge of Schmallenberg virus emergence in Europe (2012)
Journal Article
Tarlinton, R., Daly, J. M., Dunham, S. P., & Kydd, J. M. (2012). The challenge of Schmallenberg virus emergence in Europe. Veterinary Journal, 194(1), 10-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2012.08.017

The large-scale outbreak of disease across Northern Europe caused by a new orthobunyavirus known as
Schmallenberg virus has caused considerable disruption to lambing and calving. Although advances in
technology and collaboration between veterinary... Read More about The challenge of Schmallenberg virus emergence in Europe.

Characterisation of retroviruses in the horse genome and their transcriptional activity via transcriptome sequencing (2012)
Journal Article
Brown, K., Moreton, J., Malla, S., Aboobaker, A. A., Emes, R. D., & Tarlinton, R. E. (2012). Characterisation of retroviruses in the horse genome and their transcriptional activity via transcriptome sequencing. Virology, 433(1), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2012.07.010

The recently released draft horse genome is incompletely characterised in terms of its repetitive
element profile. This paper presents characterisation of the endogenous retrovirus (ERVs) of the horse
genome based on a data-mining strategy using mur... Read More about Characterisation of retroviruses in the horse genome and their transcriptional activity via transcriptome sequencing.