Enhancing vs. inhibiting semantic performance with transcranial magnetic stimulation over the anterior temporal lobe: frequency- and task-specific effects

Jung, JeYoung; Lambon Ralph, Matthew A.

Abstract

Accumulating, converging evidence indicates that the anterior temporal lobe (ATL) appears to be the transmodal hub for semantic representation. A series of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) investigations utilizing the ‘virtual lesion’ approach have established the brain-behavioural relationship between the ATL and semantic processing by demonstrating that inhibitory rTMS over the ATL induced impairments in semantic performance in healthy individuals. However, a growing body of rTMS studies suggest that rTMS might also be a tool for cognitive enhancement and rehabilitation, though there has been no previous exploration in semantic cognition. Here, we explored a potential role of rTMS in enhancing and inhibiting semantic performance with contrastive rTMS protocols (1Hz vs. 20Hz) by controlling practice effects. Twenty-one healthy participants were recruited and performed an object category judgement task and a pattern matching task serving as a control task before and after the stimulation over the ATL (1Hz, 20Hz, and sham). A task familiarization procedure was performed prior to the experiment in order to establish a ‘stable baseline’ prior to stimulation and thus minimize practice effect. Our results demonstrated that it is possible to modulate semantic performance positively or negatively depending on the ATL stimulation frequency: 20Hz rTMS was optimal for facilitating cortical processing (faster RT in a semantic task) contrasting with diminished semantic performance after 1Hz rTMS. In addition to cementing the importance of the ATL to semantic representation, our findings suggest that 20Hz rTMS leads to semantic enhancement in healthy individuals and potentially could be used for patients with semantic impairments as a therapeutic tool.

Citation

Jung, J., & Lambon Ralph, M. A. (2021). Enhancing vs. inhibiting semantic performance with transcranial magnetic stimulation over the anterior temporal lobe: frequency- and task-specific effects. NeuroImage, 234, Article 117959. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.117959

• Journal Article Type: Article
• Acceptance Date: Mar 10, 2021
• Online Publication Date: Mar 17, 2021
• Publication Date: Jul 1, 2021
• Deposit Date: Mar 19, 2021
• Publicly Available Date: Mar 22, 2021
• Journal: NeuroImage
• Print ISSN: 1053-8119
• Publisher: Elsevier
• Peer Reviewed: Peer Reviewed
• Volume: 234
• Article Number: 117959
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.117959
• Keywords: Cognitive Neuroscience; Neurology
• Public URL: https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/output/5402698
• Publisher URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811921002366