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The differential effects of azithromycin on the airway epithelium in vitro and in vivo (2016)
Journal Article
Slater, M., Torr, E., Harrison, T. W., Forrester, D. L., Knox, A., Shaw, D. E., & Sayers, I. (2016). The differential effects of azithromycin on the airway epithelium in vitro and in vivo. Physiological Reports, 4(18), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.14814/phy2.12960

Macrolides including azithromycin (AZM) can improve clinical symptoms in asthma regardless of infection status. The mechanisms underlying these benefi- cial effects are yet to be elucidated. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of AZM on... Read More about The differential effects of azithromycin on the airway epithelium in vitro and in vivo.

Azithromycin for Acute Exacerbations of Asthma: the AZALEA randomized clinical trial (2016)
Journal Article
Johnson, S. L., Szigeti, M., Cross, M., Brightling, C., Chaudhuri, R., Harrison, T. W., …Chauhan, A. (2016). Azithromycin for Acute Exacerbations of Asthma: the AZALEA randomized clinical trial. JAMA Internal Medicine, 176(11), https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2016.5664

IMPORTANCE Guidelines recommend against antibiotic use to treat asthma attacks. A study with telithromycin reported benefit, but adverse reactions limit its use. OBJECTIVE To determine whether azithromycin added to standard care for asthma attacks i... Read More about Azithromycin for Acute Exacerbations of Asthma: the AZALEA randomized clinical trial.

Step 4: stick or twist? A review of asthma therapy (2016)
Journal Article
Slater, M. G., Pavord, I. D., & Shaw, D. E. (2016). Step 4: stick or twist? A review of asthma therapy. BMJ Open Respiratory Research, 3(1), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjresp-2016-000143

Many people with asthma do not achieve disease control, despite bronchodilators and inhaled corticosteroid therapy. People with uncontrolled asthma are at higher risk of an asthma attack and death, with mortality rates estimated at 1000 deaths/ year... Read More about Step 4: stick or twist? A review of asthma therapy.

A transcriptome-driven analysis of epithelial brushings and bronchial biopsies to define asthma phenotypes in U-BIOPRED (2016)
Journal Article
Khuo, C.-H. S., Pavlidis, S., Loza, M., Baribaud, F., Rowe, A., Pandis, I., …Chung, K. F. (2017). A transcriptome-driven analysis of epithelial brushings and bronchial biopsies to define asthma phenotypes in U-BIOPRED. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 195(4), https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.201512-2452OC

Rationale and objectives: Asthma is a heterogeneous disease driven by diverse immunologic and inflammatory mechanisms. We used transcriptomic profiling of airway tissues to help define asthma phenotypes. Methods: The transcriptome from bronchial biop... Read More about A transcriptome-driven analysis of epithelial brushings and bronchial biopsies to define asthma phenotypes in U-BIOPRED.

Bronchiectasis and the risk of cardiovascular disease: a population-based study (2016)
Journal Article
Navaratnam, V., Millett, E. R., Hurst, J. R., Thomas, S. L., Smeeth, L., Hubbard, R. B., …Quint, J. K. (in press). Bronchiectasis and the risk of cardiovascular disease: a population-based study. Thorax, 72(2), 161-166. https://doi.org/10.1136/thoraxjnl-2015-208188

Background: There are limited data on the burden of cardiovascular comorbidities in people with bronchiectasis. Our cross-sectional study estimates the burden of pre-existing diagnoses of coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke in people with bronchi... Read More about Bronchiectasis and the risk of cardiovascular disease: a population-based study.

Evaluation of the PPAR-y agonist pioglitazone in mild asthma: A double-blind randomized controlled trial (2016)
Journal Article
Anderson, J., Mortimer, K., Pang, L., Smith, K., Bailey, H., Hodgson, D., …Harrison, T. W. (2016). Evaluation of the PPAR-y agonist pioglitazone in mild asthma: A double-blind randomized controlled trial. PLoS ONE, 11(8), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0160257

Background Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) is a nuclear receptor that modulates inflammation in models of asthma. To determine whether pioglitazone improves measures of asthma control and airway inflammation, we performed... Read More about Evaluation of the PPAR-y agonist pioglitazone in mild asthma: A double-blind randomized controlled trial.

Expression of polycomb protein BMI-1 1 maintains the plasticity of basal 2 bronchial epithelial cells (2016)
Journal Article
Torr, E., Heath, M., Mee, M., Shaw, D. E., Sharp, T. V., & Sayers, I. (2016). Expression of polycomb protein BMI-1 1 maintains the plasticity of basal 2 bronchial epithelial cells. Physiological Reports, 4(16), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.14814/phy2.12847

The airway epithelium is altered in respiratory disease and is thought to contribute to disease aetiology. A caveat to disease research is that the technique of isolation of bronchial epithelial cells from patients is invasive and cells have a limite... Read More about Expression of polycomb protein BMI-1 1 maintains the plasticity of basal 2 bronchial epithelial cells.

The effect of pulmonary rehabilitation on mortality, balance, and risk of fall in stable patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review (2016)
Journal Article
Hakamy, A., Bolton, C. E., & McKeever, T. M. (2017). The effect of pulmonary rehabilitation on mortality, balance, and risk of fall in stable patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review. Chronic Respiratory Disease, 14(1), https://doi.org/10.1177/1479972316661925

Objectives: To evaluate the impact of pulmonary rehabilitation on survival and fall (including balance) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) at stability. Design: Systematic Review. Methods: OVID, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and... Read More about The effect of pulmonary rehabilitation on mortality, balance, and risk of fall in stable patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review.

Epigenetic dysregulation of interleukin 8 (CXCL8) hypersecretion in cystic fibrosis airway epithelial cells (2016)
Journal Article
Poghosyan, A., Patel, J. K., Clifford, R. L., & Knox, A. J. (2016). Epigenetic dysregulation of interleukin 8 (CXCL8) hypersecretion in cystic fibrosis airway epithelial cells. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 476(4), 431-437. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.05.140

Airway epithelial cells in cystic fibrosis (CF) overexpress Interleukin 8 (CXCL8) through poorly defined mechanisms. CXCL8 transcription is dependent on coordinated binding of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP)β, nuclear factor (NF)-κB, and activ... Read More about Epigenetic dysregulation of interleukin 8 (CXCL8) hypersecretion in cystic fibrosis airway epithelial cells.

A prebiotic galactooligosaccharide mixture reduces severity of hyperpnoea-induced bronchoconstriction and markers of airway inflammation (2016)
Journal Article
Williams, N. C., Johnson, M. A., Shaw, D. E., Spendlove, I., Vulevic, J., Sharpe, G. R., & Hunter, K. A. (2016). A prebiotic galactooligosaccharide mixture reduces severity of hyperpnoea-induced bronchoconstriction and markers of airway inflammation. British Journal of Nutrition, 116(5), 798-804. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114516002762

Gut microbes have a substantial influence on systemic immune function and allergic sensitisation. Manipulation of the gut microbiome through prebiotics may provide a potential strategy to influence the immunopathology of asthma. This study investigat... Read More about A prebiotic galactooligosaccharide mixture reduces severity of hyperpnoea-induced bronchoconstriction and markers of airway inflammation.

Genes associated with polymorphic variants predicting lung function are differentially expressed during human lung development (2016)
Journal Article
Miller, S., Melén, E., Merid, S. K., Hall, I. P., & Sayers, I. (in press). Genes associated with polymorphic variants predicting lung function are differentially expressed during human lung development. Respiratory Research, 17(95), https://doi.org/10.1186/s12931-016-0410-z

Background Recent meta-analyses of genome-wide association studies have identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within/near 54 genes associated with lung function measures. Current understanding of the contribution of these genes to human... Read More about Genes associated with polymorphic variants predicting lung function are differentially expressed during human lung development.

See I told you I was taking it! - attitudes of adolescents with asthma towards a device monitoring their inhaler use: Implications for future design (2016)
Journal Article
Howard, S., Lang, A. R., Sharples, S., & Shaw, D. E. (2017). See I told you I was taking it! - attitudes of adolescents with asthma towards a device monitoring their inhaler use: Implications for future design. Applied Ergonomics, 58, 224-237. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2016.06.018

Adherence to treatment in asthma is often poor, particularly in adolescents and children where the condition is most prevalent. Electronic monitoring devices have shown potential for improving inhaler use, yet little research has considered the attit... Read More about See I told you I was taking it! - attitudes of adolescents with asthma towards a device monitoring their inhaler use: Implications for future design.

Multiple Circulating Cytokines Are Coelevated in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (2016)
Journal Article
Selvarajah, S., Todd, I., Tighe, P. J., John, M., Bolton, C. E., Harrison, T. W., & Fairclough, L. C. (2016). Multiple Circulating Cytokines Are Coelevated in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Mediators of Inflammation, 2016, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/3604842

Inflammatory biomarkers, including cytokines, are associated with COPD, but the association of particular circulating cytokines with systemic pathology remains equivocal. To investigate this, we developed a protein microarray system to detect multipl... Read More about Multiple Circulating Cytokines Are Coelevated in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

Untargeted metabolic profiling of saliva by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry for the identification of potential diagnostic biomarkers of asthma (2016)
Journal Article
Malkar, A., Wilson, E., Harrison, T., Shaw, D. E., & Creaser, C. (in press). Untargeted metabolic profiling of saliva by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry for the identification of potential diagnostic biomarkers of asthma. Analytical Methods, 8(27), 5407-5413. https://doi.org/10.1039/C6AY00938G

Current clinical tests employed to diagnose asthma are inaccurate and limited by their invasive nature. New metabolite profiling technologies offer an opportunity to improve asthma diagnosis using non-invasive sampling. A rapid analytical method for... Read More about Untargeted metabolic profiling of saliva by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry for the identification of potential diagnostic biomarkers of asthma.

Trends in hospital admissions for hypoglycaemia in England: a retrospective, observational study (2016)
Journal Article
Zaccardi, F., Davies, M. J., Dhalwani, N. N., Webb, D. R., Housley, G., Shaw, D. E., …Khunti, K. (2016). Trends in hospital admissions for hypoglycaemia in England: a retrospective, observational study. Lancet Diabetes and Endocrinology, 4(8), 677-685. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587%2816%2930091-2

Background Studies in the USA and Canada have reported increasing or stable rates of hospital admissions for hypoglycaemia. Some data from small studies are available for other countries. We aimed to gather information about long-term trends in ho... Read More about Trends in hospital admissions for hypoglycaemia in England: a retrospective, observational study.

NightShift simulation to train newly qualified doctors in non-technical skills: a feasibility study (2016)
Journal Article
Brown, M., Pinchin, J., Valand, R., Larkin, C., Pattinson, J., Benning, K., …Blakey, J. (2016). NightShift simulation to train newly qualified doctors in non-technical skills: a feasibility study. Future Hospital Journal, 3(2), https://doi.org/10.7861/futurehosp.3-2-94

There is growing evidence of greater rates of morbidity and mortality in hospitals during out-of-hours shifts, which appears to be exacerbated during the period in which newly qualified doctors commence work. In order to combat this issue, an online... Read More about NightShift simulation to train newly qualified doctors in non-technical skills: a feasibility study.

Inhalation of diesel exhaust and allergen alters human bronchial epithelium DNA methylation (2016)
Journal Article
Clifford, R. L., Jones, M. J., MacIsaac, J. L., McEwen, L. M., Goodman, S. J., Mostafavi, S., …Carlsten, C. (2017). Inhalation of diesel exhaust and allergen alters human bronchial epithelium DNA methylation. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 139(1), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2016.03.046

Background Allergic disease affects 30% to 40% of the world's population, and its development is determined by the interplay between environmental and inherited factors. Air pollution, primarily consisting of diesel exhaust emissions, has increase... Read More about Inhalation of diesel exhaust and allergen alters human bronchial epithelium DNA methylation.

Circulating desmosine levels do not predict emphysema progression but are associated with cardiovascular risk and mortality in COPD (2016)
Journal Article
Rabinovich, R. A., Miller, B. E., Wrobel, K., Ranjit, K., Williams, M. C., Drost,, E., …Huang, J. T. (in press). Circulating desmosine levels do not predict emphysema progression but are associated with cardiovascular risk and mortality in COPD. European Respiratory Journal, 47(5), https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.01824-2015

Elastin degradation is a key feature of emphysema and may have a role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Circulating desmosine is a specific biomarker of elastin degradation. We invest... Read More about Circulating desmosine levels do not predict emphysema progression but are associated with cardiovascular risk and mortality in COPD.

Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor gene deletion alters bleomycin-induced lung injury, but not development of pulmonary fibrosis (2016)
Journal Article
Habgood, A., Tatler, A. L., Porte, J., Wahl, S. M., Laurent, G. J., John, A. E., …Jenkins, G. (in press). Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor gene deletion alters bleomycin-induced lung injury, but not development of pulmonary fibrosis. Laboratory Investigation, https://doi.org/10.1038/labinvest.2016.40

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a progressive, fatal disease with limited treatment options. Protease-mediated transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) activation has been proposed as a pathogenic mechanism of lung fibrosis. Protease activity in the lun... Read More about Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor gene deletion alters bleomycin-induced lung injury, but not development of pulmonary fibrosis.