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1-year survival in haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: a nationwide cohort study from England 2003–2018 (2023)
Journal Article
West, J., Stilwell, P., Liu, H., Ban, L., Bythell, M., Card, T., …Crooks, C. (2023). 1-year survival in haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: a nationwide cohort study from England 2003–2018. Journal of Hematology and Oncology, 16, Article 56. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13045-023-01434-4

Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a lethal syndrome of excessive immune activation. We undertook a nationwide study in England of all cases of HLH diagnosed between 2003 and 2018, using linked electronic health data from hospital admission... Read More about 1-year survival in haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: a nationwide cohort study from England 2003–2018.

Is Vaccination Against COVID-19 Associated With Inflammatory Bowel Disease Flare? Self-Controlled Case Series Analysis Using the UK CPRD (2023)
Journal Article
Card, T. R., Nakafero, G., Grainge, M. J., Mallen, C. D., Van-Tam, J. S. N., Williams, H. C., & Abhishek, A. (2023). Is Vaccination Against COVID-19 Associated With Inflammatory Bowel Disease Flare? Self-Controlled Case Series Analysis Using the UK CPRD. American Journal of Gastroenterology, 118(8), 1388-1394. https://doi.org/10.14309/ajg.0000000000002205

INTRODUCTION:
To investigate the association between vaccination against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) flare.

METHODS:
Patients with IBD vaccinated against COVID-19 who consulted for disease flare be... Read More about Is Vaccination Against COVID-19 Associated With Inflammatory Bowel Disease Flare? Self-Controlled Case Series Analysis Using the UK CPRD.

Haemphagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis in an English Nationwide Cohort Confirms Increasing Incidence and Variation in Trigger Factors (2022)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Bishton, M., Crooks, C., Liu, H., Ban, L., Bythell, M., Card, T., …West, J. (2022). Haemphagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis in an English Nationwide Cohort Confirms Increasing Incidence and Variation in Trigger Factors. Blood, 140(Supplement 1), 2599-2600. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2022-158999

Background: Haemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare, life-threatening hyper-inflammatory syndrome triggered by constitutive and acquired risk factors including haematological malignancy, infection, auto-immunity and rheumatological diseas... Read More about Haemphagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis in an English Nationwide Cohort Confirms Increasing Incidence and Variation in Trigger Factors.

Is vaccination against COVID-19 associated with psoriasis or eczema flare? Self-controlled case series analysis using data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (Aurum) (2022)
Journal Article
Adams, L., Nakafero, G., Grainge, M. J., Card, T., Mallen, C. D., Van-Tam, J. S., …Abhishek, A. (2022). Is vaccination against COVID-19 associated with psoriasis or eczema flare? Self-controlled case series analysis using data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (Aurum). British Journal of Dermatology, 188(2), 297-299. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjd/ljac061

Risk of Suicide After Dementia Diagnosis (2022)
Journal Article
Alothman, D., Card, T., Lewis, S., Tyrrell, E., Fogarty, A. W., & Marshall, C. R. (2022). Risk of Suicide After Dementia Diagnosis. JAMA Neurology, 79(11), 1148-1154. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaneurol.2022.3094

Importance: Patients with dementia may be at an increased suicide risk. Identifying groups at greatest risk of suicide would support targeted risk reduction efforts by clinical dementia services.

Objectives: To examine the association between a d... Read More about Risk of Suicide After Dementia Diagnosis.

Incidence, prevalence and survival in patients with Langerhans cell histiocytosis: A national registry study from England, 2013–2019 (2022)
Journal Article
Liu, H., Stiller, C. A., Crooks, C. J., Rous, B., Bythell, M., Broggio, J., …West, J. (2022). Incidence, prevalence and survival in patients with Langerhans cell histiocytosis: A national registry study from England, 2013–2019. British Journal of Haematology, 199(5), 728-738. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjh.18459

This analysis is the largest population-based study to date to provide contemporary and comprehensive epidemiological estimates of all third edition of the International Classification of Diseases for Oncology (ICD-O-3) coded Langerhans cell histiocy... Read More about Incidence, prevalence and survival in patients with Langerhans cell histiocytosis: A national registry study from England, 2013–2019.

Is vaccination against COVID-19 associated with autoimmune rheumatic disease flare? A self-controlled case series analysis (2022)
Journal Article
Nakafero, G., Grainge, M. J., Card, T., Mallen, C. D., Nguyen Van-Tam, J. S., Williams, H. C., & Abhishek, A. (2023). Is vaccination against COVID-19 associated with autoimmune rheumatic disease flare? A self-controlled case series analysis. Rheumatology, 62(4), 1445-1450. https://doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/keac484

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the association between vaccination against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and autoimmune rheumatic disease (AIRD) flare.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patients with AIRDs vaccinated against COVID-19 who consulted for dise... Read More about Is vaccination against COVID-19 associated with autoimmune rheumatic disease flare? A self-controlled case series analysis.

Predicting Need for Escalation of Care or Death From Repeated Daily Clinical Observations and Laboratory Results in Patients With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (2022)
Journal Article
Crooks, C. J., West, J., Fogarty, A., Morling, J. R., Grainge, M. J., Gonem, S., …Card, T. R. (2022). Predicting Need for Escalation of Care or Death From Repeated Daily Clinical Observations and Laboratory Results in Patients With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2. American Journal of Epidemiology, 191(11), 1944-1953. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwac126

We compared the performance of prognostic tools for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) using parameters fitted either at the time of hospital admission or across all time points of an admission. This cohort study used clinic... Read More about Predicting Need for Escalation of Care or Death From Repeated Daily Clinical Observations and Laboratory Results in Patients With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2.

Incidence and pattern of mycophenolate discontinuation associated with abnormal monitoring blood-test results: cohort study using data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink Aurum (2022)
Journal Article
Nakafero, G., Grainge, M. J., Card, T., Mallen, C. D., Riley, R., Van Der Windt, D., …Abhishek, A. (2022). Incidence and pattern of mycophenolate discontinuation associated with abnormal monitoring blood-test results: cohort study using data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink Aurum. Rheumatology Advances in Practice, 6(2), Article rkac046. https://doi.org/10.1093/rap/rkac046

Objective: The aim was to examine the incidence and pattern of MMF discontinuation associated with abnormal monitoring blood-test results. Methods: Data from people prescribed MMF for common inflammatory conditions in the Clinical Practice Research D... Read More about Incidence and pattern of mycophenolate discontinuation associated with abnormal monitoring blood-test results: cohort study using data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink Aurum.

The risk of unexpected hospital admissions and primary care visits after an elective day-case gastroscopy: A cohort study within England (2022)
Journal Article
Crooks, C. J., Card, T. R., & West, J. (2022). The risk of unexpected hospital admissions and primary care visits after an elective day-case gastroscopy: A cohort study within England. Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 56(1), 56-66. https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16946

Aim: To determine the excess of acute medical contacts following a day-case diagnostic gastroscopy. Methods: Cohort study using English linked primary, secondary care and death registry electronic health data. We included 277,535 diagnostic day-case... Read More about The risk of unexpected hospital admissions and primary care visits after an elective day-case gastroscopy: A cohort study within England.

Temporal trends in the incidence of haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: a nationwide cohort study from England 2003-2018 (2022)
Preprint / Working Paper
West, J., Stilwell, P., Liu, H., Ban, L., Bythell, M., Card, T. R., …Crooks, C. J. Temporal trends in the incidence of haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: a nationwide cohort study from England 2003-2018

Background Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is rare, results in high mortality and is increasingly being diagnosed. Little is known about what is driving the apparent rise in the incidence of this disease.

Methods Using national linked el... Read More about Temporal trends in the incidence of haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: a nationwide cohort study from England 2003-2018.

Risk of mortality from suicide in patients with Huntington’s disease is increased compared to the general population in England (2022)
Journal Article
Alothman, D., Marshall, C. R., Tyrrell, E., Lewis, S., Card, T., & Fogarty, A. (2022). Risk of mortality from suicide in patients with Huntington’s disease is increased compared to the general population in England. Journal of Neurology, 269, 4436–4439. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-022-11085-z

Objective: To examine the relative risk of suicide mortality in patients with Huntington’s disease (HD). Methods: A case–control study design was used. We used linked electronic records from primary care, secondary care and Office for National Statis... Read More about Risk of mortality from suicide in patients with Huntington’s disease is increased compared to the general population in England.

Incidence and survival of haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: A population‐based cohort study from England (2021)
Journal Article
West, J., Card, T. R., Bishton, M. J., Lanyon, P., Ban, L., Bythell, M., …Crooks, C. J. (2022). Incidence and survival of haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: A population‐based cohort study from England. Journal of Internal Medicine, 291(4), 493-504. https://doi.org/10.1111/joim.13432

Background: Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare hyper-inflammatory condition with poor outcomes. Objectives: Few population-based estimates of the incidence and survival in adults exist. We aimed to provide these data for England. Met... Read More about Incidence and survival of haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: A population‐based cohort study from England.

Ethnicity and suicide risk: A population-based study from England (2021)
Journal Article
Alothman, D., Fogarty, A., Tyrrell, E., Lewis, S., & Card, T. (2022). Ethnicity and suicide risk: A population-based study from England. Journal of Affective Disorders, 298(Part A), 555-557. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2021.11.044

Using multiple linked electronic health databases, we conducted a large case-control study in England from 2001 through 2019 to examine the association between ethnicity and suicide risk. Asian, Black and Other ethnic groups had a significantly lower... Read More about Ethnicity and suicide risk: A population-based study from England.

Development and validation of a prognostic model for leflunomide discontinuation with abnormal blood tests during long-term treatment: cohort study using data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink Gold and Aurum (2021)
Journal Article
Nakafero, G., Grainge, M. J., Card, T., Taal, M. W., Aithal, G. P., Zhang, W., …Abhishek, A. (2022). Development and validation of a prognostic model for leflunomide discontinuation with abnormal blood tests during long-term treatment: cohort study using data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink Gold and Aurum. Rheumatology, 61(7), 2783-2791. https://doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/keab790

OBJECTIVE: To develop and validate a prognostic model for LEF discontinuation with abnormal blood test results. METHODS: Data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink Gold and Aurum were used for model development and external validation, respect... Read More about Development and validation of a prognostic model for leflunomide discontinuation with abnormal blood tests during long-term treatment: cohort study using data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink Gold and Aurum.

Chest Radiograph Scoring Alone or Combined with Other Risk Scores for Predicting Outcomes in COVID-19 (2021)
Journal Article
Au-Yong, I., Higashi, Y., Giannotti, E., Fogarty, A., Morling, J. R., Grainge, M., …Card, T. (2022). Chest Radiograph Scoring Alone or Combined with Other Risk Scores for Predicting Outcomes in COVID-19. Radiology, 302(2), 460-469. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2021210986

Background Radiographic severity may help predict patient deterioration and outcomes from COVID-19 pneumonia. Purpose To assess the reliability and reproducibility of three chest radiograph reporting systems (radiographic assessment of lung edema [RA... Read More about Chest Radiograph Scoring Alone or Combined with Other Risk Scores for Predicting Outcomes in COVID-19.

Characterizing the risk interplay between alcohol intake and body mass index on cirrhosis morbidity (2021)
Journal Article
Innes, H., Crooks, C. J., Aspinall, E., Card, T. R., Hamill, V., Dillon, J., …Morling, J. R. (2022). Characterizing the risk interplay between alcohol intake and body mass index on cirrhosis morbidity. Hepatology, 75(2), 369-378. https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.32123

Background and Aims: It is thought that alcohol intake and body mass index (BMI) interact supra-additively to modulate the risk of cirrhosis, but evidence for this phenomenon is limited. We investigated the interrelationship between alcohol and BMI o... Read More about Characterizing the risk interplay between alcohol intake and body mass index on cirrhosis morbidity.

What is the incidence of methotrexate or leflunomide discontinuation related to cytopenia, liver enzyme elevation or kidney function decline? (2021)
Journal Article
Nakafero, G., Grainge, M. J., Card, T., Mallen, C. D., Zhang, W., Doherty, M., …Abhishek, A. (2021). What is the incidence of methotrexate or leflunomide discontinuation related to cytopenia, liver enzyme elevation or kidney function decline?. Rheumatology, 60(12), 5785-5794. https://doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/keab254

Objectives: To examine incidence of treatment changes due to abnormal blood-test results and, to explore rates of treatment changes due to liver, kidney and haematological blood-test abnormalities in autoimmune rheumatic diseases (AIRD) treated with... Read More about What is the incidence of methotrexate or leflunomide discontinuation related to cytopenia, liver enzyme elevation or kidney function decline?.