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Nonperturbative analysis of the gravitational waves from a first-order electroweak phase transition (2019)
Journal Article
Gould, O., Kozaczuk, J., Niemi, L., Ramsey-Musolf, M. J., Tenkanen, T. V. I., & Weir, D. J. (2019). Nonperturbative analysis of the gravitational waves from a first-order electroweak phase transition. Physical Review D, 100, Article 115024. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.100.115024

We present the first end-to-end nonperturbative analysis of the gravitational wave power spectrum from a thermal first-order electroweak phase transition (EWPT), using the framework of dimensionally reduced effective field theory and preexisting nonp... Read More about Nonperturbative analysis of the gravitational waves from a first-order electroweak phase transition.

Towards Schwinger production of magnetic monopoles in heavy-ion collisions (2019)
Journal Article
Gould, O., Ho, D. L. .-J., & Rajantie, A. (2019). Towards Schwinger production of magnetic monopoles in heavy-ion collisions. Physical Review D, 100, Article 015041. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.100.015041

Magnetic monopoles may be produced by the Schwinger effect in the strong magnetic fields of peripheral heavy-ion collisions. We review the form of the electromagnetic fields in such collisions and calculate from first principles the cross section for... Read More about Towards Schwinger production of magnetic monopoles in heavy-ion collisions.

Worldline sphaleron for thermal Schwinger pair production (2018)
Journal Article
Gould, O., Rajantie, A., & Xie, C. (2018). Worldline sphaleron for thermal Schwinger pair production. Physical Review D, 98(5), 056022. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.98.056022

With increasing temperatures, Schwinger pair production changes from a quantum tunneling to a classical, thermal process, determined by a worldline sphaleron. We show this and calculate the corresponding rate of pair production for both spinor and sc... Read More about Worldline sphaleron for thermal Schwinger pair production.

Magnetic monopole mass bounds from heavy ion collisions and neutron stars (2017)
Journal Article
Gould, O., & Rajantie, A. (2017). Magnetic monopole mass bounds from heavy ion collisions and neutron stars. Physical Review Letters, 119(24), Article 241601. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.119.241601

Magnetic monopoles, if they exist, would be produced amply in strong magnetic fields and high temperatures via the thermal Schwinger process. Such circumstances arise in heavy-ion collisions and in neutron stars, both of which imply lower bounds on t... Read More about Magnetic monopole mass bounds from heavy ion collisions and neutron stars.

Thermal Schwinger pair production at arbitrary coupling (2017)
Journal Article
Gould, O., & Rajantie, A. (2017). Thermal Schwinger pair production at arbitrary coupling. Physical Review D, 96(7), Article 076002. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.96.076002

We calculate the rate of thermal Schwinger pair production at arbitrary coupling in weak external fields. Our calculations are valid independently of many properties of the charged particles produced, in particular their spin and whether they are ele... Read More about Thermal Schwinger pair production at arbitrary coupling.