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Hydroxyacid oxidase 1, a glutamine metabolism-associated protein, predicts poor patient outcome in luminal breast cancer (2024)
Journal Article
Erkan, B., Macintyre, S., Brown, C., Fakroun, A., Lashen, A. G., Mongan, N. P., Ellis, I. O., Rakha, E. A., & Green, A. R. (in press). Hydroxyacid oxidase 1, a glutamine metabolism-associated protein, predicts poor patient outcome in luminal breast cancer. International Journal of Molecular Sciences,

Background
Breast cancer (BC), which remains the most prevalent malignancy among women, is characterised by significant heterogeneity across its molecular subtypes. Oestrogen Receptor-positive (ER+) (luminal) BC represents approximately 75% cases an... Read More about Hydroxyacid oxidase 1, a glutamine metabolism-associated protein, predicts poor patient outcome in luminal breast cancer.

Geometric characteristics of stromal collagen fibres in breast cancer using differential interference contrast microscopy (2024)
Journal Article
Ghannam, S. F., Rutland, C. S., Allegrucci, C., Mather, M. L., Alsaleem, M., Bateman‐Price, T. D., Patke, R., Ball, G., Mongan, N. P., & Rakha, E. (2024). Geometric characteristics of stromal collagen fibres in breast cancer using differential interference contrast microscopy. Journal of Microscopy, https://doi.org/10.1111/jmi.13361

Breast cancer (BC) is characterised by a high level of heterogeneity, which is influenced by the interaction of neoplastic cells with the tumour microenvironment. The diagnostic and prognostic role of the tumour stroma in BC remains to be defined. Di... Read More about Geometric characteristics of stromal collagen fibres in breast cancer using differential interference contrast microscopy.

The Conflicting Prognostic Role of the Stroma–Tumor Ratio in Breast Cancer Molecular Subtypes (2024)
Journal Article
Ghannam, S. F., Makhlouf, S., Alsaleem, M., Rutland, C. S., Allegrucci, C., Mongan, N. P., & Rakha, E. (2024). The Conflicting Prognostic Role of the Stroma–Tumor Ratio in Breast Cancer Molecular Subtypes. Modern Pathology, 37(12), Article 100607. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.modpat.2024.100607

The tumor microenvironment plays a key role in tumor progression. The proportion of the stroma-to-tumor cells (stroma-tumor ratio [STR]) has a variable prognostic significance in breast cancer (BC) molecular classes. In this study, we evaluated the m... Read More about The Conflicting Prognostic Role of the Stroma–Tumor Ratio in Breast Cancer Molecular Subtypes.

Prognostic and clinical significance of the proliferation marker MCM7 in breast cancer (2024)
Journal Article
Lashen, A. G., Toss, M. S., Rutland, C. S., Green, A. R., Mongan, N. P., & Rakha, E. (2024). Prognostic and clinical significance of the proliferation marker MCM7 in breast cancer. Pathobiology, https://doi.org/10.1159/000540790

Introduction: Minichromosome maintenance complex component 7 (MCM7) plays an essential role in proliferation and DNA replication of cancer cells. However, the expression and prognostic significance of MCM7 in breast cancer (BC) remain to be defined.... Read More about Prognostic and clinical significance of the proliferation marker MCM7 in breast cancer.

The role of the ALKBH5 RNA demethylase in invasive breast cancer (2024)
Journal Article
Woodcock, C. L., Alsaleem, M., Toss, M. S., Lothion-Roy, J., Harris, A. E., Jeyapalan, J. N., Blatt, N., Rizvanov, A. A., Miftakhova, R. R., Kariri, Y. A., Madhusudan, S., Green, A. R., Rutland, C. S., Fray, R. G., Rakha, E. A., & Mongan, N. P. (2024). The role of the ALKBH5 RNA demethylase in invasive breast cancer. Discover Oncology, 15(1), Article 343. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12672-024-01205-8

Background: N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most common internal RNA modification and is involved in regulation of RNA and protein expression. AlkB family member 5 (ALKBH5) is a m6A demethylase. Given the important role of m6A in biological mechanism... Read More about The role of the ALKBH5 RNA demethylase in invasive breast cancer.

Epitranscriptomic mechanisms of androgen signalling and prostate cancer (2024)
Journal Article
Patke, R., Harris, A. E., Woodcock, C. L., Thompson, R., Santos, R., Kumari, A., Allegrucci, C., Archer, N., Gudas, L. J., Robinson, B. D., Persson, J. L., Fray, R., Jeyapalan, J., Rutland, C. S., Rakha, E., Madhusudan, S., Emes, R. D., Muyangwa-Semenova, M., Alsaleem, M., de Brot, S., …Lothion-Roy, J. (2024). Epitranscriptomic mechanisms of androgen signalling and prostate cancer. Neoplasia, 56, Article 101032. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neo.2024.101032

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common cancer diagnosed in men. While radical prostatectomy and radiotherapy are often successful in treating localised disease, post-treatment recurrence is common. As the androgen receptor (AR) and androgen... Read More about Epitranscriptomic mechanisms of androgen signalling and prostate cancer.

Stromal lymphocytes are associated with upgrade of B3 breast lesions (2024)
Journal Article
Kader, T., Provenzano, E., Jayawardana, M. W., Hendry, S., Pang, J.-M., Elder, K., Byrne, D. J., Tjoeka, L., Frazer, H. M., House, E., Jayasinghe, S. I., Keane, H., Murugasu, A., Rajan, N., Miligy, I., Toss, M., Green, A., Rakha, E., Fox, S. B., Mann, B., …Gorringe, K. L. (2024). Stromal lymphocytes are associated with upgrade of B3 breast lesions. Breast Cancer Research, 26, Article 115

Various histopathological, clinical and imaging parameters have been evaluated to identify a subset of women diagnosed with lesions with uncertain malignant potential (B3 or BIRADS 3/4A lesions) who could safely be observed rather than being treated... Read More about Stromal lymphocytes are associated with upgrade of B3 breast lesions.

Nottingham Prognostic x (NPx): a risk stratification tool in ER-positive HER2-negative breast cancer: A validation study (2024)
Journal Article
Lashen, A. G., Toss, M., Miligy, I., Rewcastle, E., Kiraz, U., Janssen, E. A. M., Green, A. R., Quinn, C., Ellis, I., & Rakha, E. (2024). Nottingham Prognostic x (NPx): a risk stratification tool in ER-positive HER2-negative breast cancer: A validation study. Histopathology, 85(3), 468-477. https://doi.org/10.1111/his.15234

Aims
In this study, we validate the use of Nottingham Prognostic x (NPx), consisting of tumour size, tumour grade, progesterone receptor (PR) and Ki67 in luminal BC.

Materials and methods
Two large cohorts of luminal early-stage BC (n = 2864) we... Read More about Nottingham Prognostic x (NPx): a risk stratification tool in ER-positive HER2-negative breast cancer: A validation study.

ATF4 as a Prognostic Marker and Modulator of Glutamine Metabolism in Estrogen Receptor Positive Breast Cancer (2024)
Journal Article
Patel, R., Alfarsi, L. H., El-Ansari, R., Masisi, B. K., Erkan, B., Fakroun, A., …Green, A. R. (in press). ATF4 as a Prognostic Marker and Modulator of Glutamine Metabolism in Estrogen Receptor Positive Breast Cancer. Pathobiology, https://doi.org/10.1159/000539564

Purpose: ATF4, a stress-responsive transcription factor that upregulates adaptive genes, is a potential prognostic marker and modulator of glutamine metabolism in breast cancer. However, its exact role remains to be elucidated.

Methods: ATF4 expre... Read More about ATF4 as a Prognostic Marker and Modulator of Glutamine Metabolism in Estrogen Receptor Positive Breast Cancer.

The characteristics and prognostic significance of histone H1 expression in breast cancer (2024)
Journal Article
Lashen, A. G., Almalki, N., Toss, M., Mirza, S., Malki, M. I., Rutland, C. S., Jeyapalan, J. N., Green, A. R., Mongan, N. P., Madhusudan, S., & Rakha, E. A. (2024). The characteristics and prognostic significance of histone H1 expression in breast cancer. Pathology, 56(6), 826-833. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pathol.2024.03.012

Histone H1 (H.H1) is involved in chromatin organisation and gene regulation and is overexpressed in many malignant tumours, including breast cancer (BC). This study proposed and evaluated the prognostic role of H.H1 expression in BC.

H.H1 mRNA exp... Read More about The characteristics and prognostic significance of histone H1 expression in breast cancer.

Tripartite Motif Containing 2, a glutamine metabolism-associated protein, predicts poor patient outcome in triple negative breast cancer treated with chemotherapy (2024)
Journal Article
Masisi, B. K., El Ansari, R., Alfarsi, L., Fakroun, A., Erkan, B., Ibrahim, A., Toss, M., Ellis, I. O., Rakha, E. A., & Green, A. R. (2024). Tripartite Motif Containing 2, a glutamine metabolism-associated protein, predicts poor patient outcome in triple negative breast cancer treated with chemotherapy. Cancers, 16(11), Article 1949. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16111949

Background: Breast cancer (BC) remains heterogeneous in terms of prognosis and response to treatment. Metabolic reprogramming is a critical part of oncogenesis and a potential therapeutic target. Glutaminase (GLS), which generates glutamate from glut... Read More about Tripartite Motif Containing 2, a glutamine metabolism-associated protein, predicts poor patient outcome in triple negative breast cancer treated with chemotherapy.

Intraoperative spectroscopic evaluation of sentinel lymph nodes in breast cancer surgery (2024)
Journal Article
Barkur, S., Boitor, R. A., Mihai, R., Raja Gopal, N. S., Leeney, S., Koloydenko, A. A., …Notingher, I. (2024). Intraoperative spectroscopic evaluation of sentinel lymph nodes in breast cancer surgery. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10549-024-07349-z

Background and objectives: Sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy is a standard procedure for patients with breast cancer and normal axilla on imaging. Positive SLNs on histological examination can lead to a subsequent surgery for axillary lymph node clear... Read More about Intraoperative spectroscopic evaluation of sentinel lymph nodes in breast cancer surgery.

Deciphering the Clinical Behaviour of Invasive Lobular Carcinoma of the Breast Defines an Aggressive Subtype (2024)
Journal Article
Makhlouf, S., Atallah, N. M., Polotto, S., Lee, A. H., Green, A. R., & Rakha, E. A. (2024). Deciphering the Clinical Behaviour of Invasive Lobular Carcinoma of the Breast Defines an Aggressive Subtype. Cancers, 16(10), Article 1893. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16101893

Background: Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC), the most common special type of breast cancer (BC), has unique clinical behaviour and is different from invasive ductal carcinoma of no special type (IDC-NST). However, ILC further comprises a diverse gro... Read More about Deciphering the Clinical Behaviour of Invasive Lobular Carcinoma of the Breast Defines an Aggressive Subtype.

Clinicopathological Significance of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2 (CDK2) in Ductal Carcinoma In Situ and Early-Stage Invasive Breast Cancers (2024)
Journal Article
Lashen, A., Alqahtani, S., Shoqafi, A., Algethami, M., Jeyapalan, J. N., Mongan, N. P., Rakha, E. A., & Madhusudan, S. (2024). Clinicopathological Significance of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2 (CDK2) in Ductal Carcinoma In Situ and Early-Stage Invasive Breast Cancers. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 25(9), Article 5053. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25095053

Cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) is a key cell cycle regulator, with essential roles during G1/S transition. The clinicopathological significance of CDK2 in ductal carcinomas in situ (DCIS) and early-stage invasive breast cancers (BCs) remains largel... Read More about Clinicopathological Significance of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2 (CDK2) in Ductal Carcinoma In Situ and Early-Stage Invasive Breast Cancers.

The Clinicopathological Significance of the Cyclin D1/E1–Cyclin-Dependent Kinase (CDK2/4/6)–Retinoblastoma (RB1/pRB1) Pathway in Epithelial Ovarian Cancers (2024)
Journal Article
Lashen, A., Algethami, M., Alqahtani, S., Shoqafi, A., Sheha, A., Jeyapalan, J. N., …Madhusudan, S. (2024). The Clinicopathological Significance of the Cyclin D1/E1–Cyclin-Dependent Kinase (CDK2/4/6)–Retinoblastoma (RB1/pRB1) Pathway in Epithelial Ovarian Cancers. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 25(7), Article 4060. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25074060

Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK2, CDK4, CDK6), cyclin D1, cyclin E1 and phosphorylated retinoblastoma (pRB1) are key regulators of the G1/S cell cycle checkpoint and may influence platinum response in ovarian cancers. CDK2/4/6 inhibitors are emerging t... Read More about The Clinicopathological Significance of the Cyclin D1/E1–Cyclin-Dependent Kinase (CDK2/4/6)–Retinoblastoma (RB1/pRB1) Pathway in Epithelial Ovarian Cancers.

Digital pathology for reporting histopathology samples, including cancer screening samples – definitive evidence from a multisite study (2024)
Journal Article
Azam, A. S., Tsang, Y., Thirlwall, J., Kimani, P. K., Sah, S., Gopalakrishnan, K., …Snead, D. R. J. (2024). Digital pathology for reporting histopathology samples, including cancer screening samples – definitive evidence from a multisite study. Histopathology, 84(5), 847-862. https://doi.org/10.1111/his.15129

Aims: To conduct a definitive multicentre comparison of digital pathology (DP) with light microscopy (LM) for reporting histopathology slides including breast and bowel cancer screening samples.
Methods: A total of 2024 cases (608 breast, 607 GI, 6... Read More about Digital pathology for reporting histopathology samples, including cancer screening samples – definitive evidence from a multisite study.

Quantitative expression of oestrogen receptor in breast cancer: Clinical and molecular significance (2023)
Journal Article
Makhlouf, S., Quinn, C., Toss, M., Alsaleem, M., Atallah, N. M., Ibrahim, A., …Rakha, E. A. (2024). Quantitative expression of oestrogen receptor in breast cancer: Clinical and molecular significance. European Journal of Cancer, 197, Article 113473. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejca.2023.113473

Background

Oestrogen receptor (ER) positive breast cancer (BC) patients are eligible for endocrine therapy (ET), regardless of ER immunohistochemical expression level. There is a wide spectrum of ER expression and the response to ET is not uniform... Read More about Quantitative expression of oestrogen receptor in breast cancer: Clinical and molecular significance.

The amino acid transporter SLC7A11 expression in breast cancer (2023)
Journal Article
Nath, P., Alfarsi, L. H., El-Ansari, R., Masisi, B. K., Erkan, B., Fakroun, A., …Green, A. R. (2024). The amino acid transporter SLC7A11 expression in breast cancer. Cancer Biology and Therapy, 25(1), Article 2291855. https://doi.org/10.1080/15384047.2023.2291855

Breast cancer (BC), characterized by its diverse molecular profiles and clinical outcomes, presents a significant challenge in the development of effective therapeutic strategies. Metabolic reprogramming, a defining characteristic of cancer, has emer... Read More about The amino acid transporter SLC7A11 expression in breast cancer.

Unravelling transcriptomic complexity in breast cancer through modulation of DARPP-32 expression and signalling pathways (2023)
Journal Article
Saidy, B., Vasan, R., Durant, R., Greener, M., Immanuel, A., Green, A. R., …Storr, S. J. (2023). Unravelling transcriptomic complexity in breast cancer through modulation of DARPP-32 expression and signalling pathways. Scientific Reports, 13(1), Article 21163. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-48198-y

DARPP-32 is a key regulator of protein-phosphatase-1 (PP-1) and protein kinase A (PKA), with its function dependent upon its phosphorylation state. We previously identified DKK1 and GRB7 as genes with linked expression using Artificial Neural Network... Read More about Unravelling transcriptomic complexity in breast cancer through modulation of DARPP-32 expression and signalling pathways.