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Caspase-3 and caspase-8 expression in breast cancer: caspase-3 is associated with survival (2016)
Journal Article
Xuan, P., Storr, S. J., Zhang, Y., Rakha, E., Green, A. R., Ellis, I. O., & Martin, S. G. (in press). Caspase-3 and caspase-8 expression in breast cancer: caspase-3 is associated with survival. Apoptosis, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10495-016-1323-5

Impaired apoptosis is one of the hallmarks of cancer. Caspase-3 and -8 are key regulators of the apoptotic response and have been shown to interact with the calpain family, a group of cysteine proteases, during tumorigenesis. The current study sought... Read More about Caspase-3 and caspase-8 expression in breast cancer: caspase-3 is associated with survival.

Clinicopathological and molecular characteristics of Ku 70/80 expression in Nigerian breast cancer and its potential therapeutic implications (2016)
Journal Article
Agboola, A. O., Ebili, H. O., Iyawe, V. O., Banjo, A. A., Salami, B. A., Rakha, E. A., …Green, A. R. (2017). Clinicopathological and molecular characteristics of Ku 70/80 expression in Nigerian breast cancer and its potential therapeutic implications. Pathology - Research and Practice, 213(1), 27-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prp.2016.10.005

Ku 70/80 is a regulator of the Non-Homologous End Joining (NHEJ) roles in clinicopathological features, and has prognostic significance in breast cancer (BC) in Caucasian populations. However, its significance in the Nigerian BC population, which is... Read More about Clinicopathological and molecular characteristics of Ku 70/80 expression in Nigerian breast cancer and its potential therapeutic implications.

Clinicopathological and prognostic significance of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) in breast cancers (2016)
Journal Article
Ahmad, D. A. J., Negm, O. H., Layth Alabdullah, M., Mirza, S., Hamed, M. R., Band, V., …Rakha, E. (2016). Clinicopathological and prognostic significance of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) in breast cancers. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, 159(3), 457-467. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10549-016-3967-9

Background Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are signalling transduction molecules that have different functions and diverse behaviour in cancer. In breast cancer, MAPK is related to oestrogen receptor (ER) and HER2. Methods Protein express... Read More about Clinicopathological and prognostic significance of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) in breast cancers.

Papillary carcinoma of the breast: diagnostic agreement and management implications (2016)
Journal Article
Rakha, E. A., Ahmed, M. A., & Ellis, I. O. (2016). Papillary carcinoma of the breast: diagnostic agreement and management implications. Histopathology, 69(5), 862-870. https://doi.org/10.1111/his.13009

Aims Papillary carcinoma (PC), which is a rare type of breast cancer, comprises a heterogeneous group of tumours. The diagnostic categorization of PC as in‐situ and invasive disease remains a matter of debate with respect to interpretation of its ov... Read More about Papillary carcinoma of the breast: diagnostic agreement and management implications.

Review of the national external quality assessment (EQA) scheme for breast pathology in the UK (2016)
Journal Article
Rakha, E. A., Bennett, R. L., Coleman, D., Pinder, S. E., & Ellis, I. O. (2017). Review of the national external quality assessment (EQA) scheme for breast pathology in the UK. Journal of Clinical Pathology, 70(1), 51-57. https://doi.org/10.1136/jclinpath-2016-203800

Background: The National Health Service Breast Screening Programme (NHSBSP; pathology) external quality assurance (EQA) scheme aims to provide a mechanism for examination and monitoring of concordance of pathology reporting within the UK. This study... Read More about Review of the national external quality assessment (EQA) scheme for breast pathology in the UK.

Overexpression of specific CD44 isoforms is associated with aggressive cell features in acquired endocrine resistance (2016)
Journal Article
Bellerby, R., Smith, C., Kyme, S., Gee, J., Günthert, U., Green, A., …Hiscox, S. (2016). Overexpression of specific CD44 isoforms is associated with aggressive cell features in acquired endocrine resistance. Frontiers in Oncology, 6, Article 145. https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2016.00145

While endocrine therapy is the mainstay of ER+ breast cancer, the clinical effectiveness of these agents is limited by the phenomenon of acquired resistance that is associated with disease relapse and poor prognosis. Our previous studies revealed tha... Read More about Overexpression of specific CD44 isoforms is associated with aggressive cell features in acquired endocrine resistance.

Expression of CDK7, cyclin H, and MAT1 is elevated in breast cancer and is prognostic in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer (2016)
Journal Article
Patel, H., Abduljabbar, R., Lai, C.-F., Periyasamy, M., Harrod, A., Gemma, C., …Ali, S. (2016). Expression of CDK7, cyclin H, and MAT1 is elevated in breast cancer and is prognostic in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. Clinical Cancer Research, 22(23), 5929-5938. https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-1104

Purpose: CDK-activating kinase (CAK) is required for the regulation of the cell cycle and is a trimeric complex consisting of cyclin-dependent kinase 7 (CDK7), Cyclin H, and the accessory protein, MAT1. CDK7 also plays a critical role in regulating t... Read More about Expression of CDK7, cyclin H, and MAT1 is elevated in breast cancer and is prognostic in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer.

Invasive lobular carcinoma mimicking papillary carcinoma: a report of three cases (2016)
Journal Article
Rakha, E. A., Abbas, A., & Sheeran, R. (2016). Invasive lobular carcinoma mimicking papillary carcinoma: a report of three cases. Pathobiology, 83(5), 221-227. https://doi.org/10.1159/000442884

Encapsulated and solid papillary carcinomas (EPCs and SPCs) are considered historically as a special form of ductal carcinoma in situ. Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) is characterised by a discohesive growth pattern. There are several variants of IL... Read More about Invasive lobular carcinoma mimicking papillary carcinoma: a report of three cases.

Nottingham prognostic index plus (NPI+) predicts risk of distant metastases in primary breast cancer (2016)
Journal Article
Green, A. R., Soria, D., Powe, D. G., Nolan, C. C., Aleskandarany, M. A., Szász, M., …Ellis, I. O. (2016). Nottingham prognostic index plus (NPI+) predicts risk of distant metastases in primary breast cancer. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, 157(1), 65-75. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10549-016-3804-1

The Nottingham prognostic index plus (NPI+) is based on the assessment of biological class combined with established clinicopathologic prognostic variables providing improved patient outcome stratification for breast cancer superior to the traditiona... Read More about Nottingham prognostic index plus (NPI+) predicts risk of distant metastases in primary breast cancer.

Viewpoint: Availability of oestrogen receptor and HER2 status for the breast multidisciplinary meeting discussion; time to get it right (2016)
Journal Article
Francis, A., Bartlett, J., Rea, D., Pinder, S., Stein, R., Stobart, H., …Shaaban, A. (2016). Viewpoint: Availability of oestrogen receptor and HER2 status for the breast multidisciplinary meeting discussion; time to get it right. EJSO - European Journal of Surgical Oncology, 42(7), 994-998. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejso.2016.02.015

The efficacy and pivotal role of the multidisciplinary meeting (MDM) in informed decision making is well established. It aims to provide a forum in which clinical evidence combines with individual patient data to create a personalized treatment plan.... Read More about Viewpoint: Availability of oestrogen receptor and HER2 status for the breast multidisciplinary meeting discussion; time to get it right.

Infiltrating epitheliosis of the breast: characterization of histological features, immunophenotype and genomic profile (2016)
Journal Article
Eberle, C. A., Piscuoglio, S., Rakha, E. A., Ng, C. K. Y., Geyer, F. C., Edelweiss, M., …Ellis, I. O. (2016). Infiltrating epitheliosis of the breast: characterization of histological features, immunophenotype and genomic profile. Histopathology, 68(7), 1030-1039. https://doi.org/10.1111/his.12897

Aims Infiltrating epitheliosis is a rare complex sclerosing lesion (CSL) of the breast, characterized by infiltrating ducts immersed in a scleroelastotic stroma and filled with cells having architectural and cytological patterns reminiscent of tho... Read More about Infiltrating epitheliosis of the breast: characterization of histological features, immunophenotype and genomic profile.

Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 testing in invasive breast cancer: should histological grade, type and oestrogen receptor status influence the decision to repeat testing? (2016)
Journal Article
Rakha, E. A., Pigera, M., Shin, S. J., D'Alfonso, T., Ellis, I. O., & Lee, A. H. S. (2016). Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 testing in invasive breast cancer: should histological grade, type and oestrogen receptor status influence the decision to repeat testing?. Histopathology, 69(1), 20-24. https://doi.org/10.1111/his.12900

Aims The recent American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists guidelines for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) testing in breast cancer recommend repeat testing based on tumour grade, tumour type, and hormone... Read More about Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 testing in invasive breast cancer: should histological grade, type and oestrogen receptor status influence the decision to repeat testing?.

An approach to the diagnosis of spindle cell lesions of the breast (2015)
Journal Article
Rakha, E. A., Aleskandarany, M. A., Lee, A. H. S., & Ellis, I. O. (2016). An approach to the diagnosis of spindle cell lesions of the breast. Histopathology, 68(1), 33-44. https://doi.org/10.1111/his.12865

Although most breast spindle cell lesions (BSCLs) are rare, they constitute a wide spectrum of diseases, ranging from reactive processes to aggressive malignant tumours. Despite their varied histogenesis and behaviour, some lesions show an overlap of... Read More about An approach to the diagnosis of spindle cell lesions of the breast.

Clinicopathological and prognostic significance of RECQL5 helicase expression in breast cancers (2015)
Journal Article
Arora, A., Abdel-Fatah, T. M., Agarwal, D., Doherty, R., Croteau, D. L., Moseley, P. M., …Madhusudan, S. (2016). Clinicopathological and prognostic significance of RECQL5 helicase expression in breast cancers. Carcinogenesis, 37(1), 63-71. https://doi.org/10.1093/carcin/bgv163

RECQL5 is a member of the RecQ family of DNA helicases and has key roles in homologous recombination, base excision repair, replication and transcription. The clinicopathological significance of RECQL5 expression in breast cancer is unknown. In this... Read More about Clinicopathological and prognostic significance of RECQL5 helicase expression in breast cancers.

Nottingham Prognostic Index Plus: validation of a clinical decision making tool in breast cancer in an independent series (2015)
Journal Article
Green, A. R., Soria, D., Stephen, J., Powe, D. G., Nolan, C. C., Kunkler, I., …Ellis, I. O. (2016). Nottingham Prognostic Index Plus: validation of a clinical decision making tool in breast cancer in an independent series. Journal of Pathology: Clinical Research, 2, https://doi.org/10.1002/cjp2.32

The Nottingham Prognostic Index Plus (NPI+)is a clinical decision making tool in breast cancer (BC) that aims to provide improved patient outcome stratification superior to the traditional NPI. This study aimed to validate the NPI+ in an independent... Read More about Nottingham Prognostic Index Plus: validation of a clinical decision making tool in breast cancer in an independent series.

Breast Neoplasms with Dermal Analogue Differentiation (Mammary Cylindroma): Report of 3 Cases and a Proposal for a New Terminology (2015)
Journal Article
Rakha, E. A., Lee, A. H., Sheeran, R., Abbosh, C., Hodi, Z., Merchant, W., …Shaaban, A. M. (2015). Breast Neoplasms with Dermal Analogue Differentiation (Mammary Cylindroma): Report of 3 Cases and a Proposal for a New Terminology. Pathobiology, 82(3-4), 172-178. https://doi.org/10.1159/000433600

Salivary gland-like and dermal analogue tumours of the breast are rare lesions that can be diagnostically challenging for pathologists. Data on the clinical behaviour and molecular characterisation of these mammary tumours are limited and their desig... Read More about Breast Neoplasms with Dermal Analogue Differentiation (Mammary Cylindroma): Report of 3 Cases and a Proposal for a New Terminology.