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How Will Drivers and Passengers Interact in Future Automated Vehicles? (2024)
Report
Large, D. R., Harvey, C., & Burnett, G. (2024). How Will Drivers and Passengers Interact in Future Automated Vehicles?. RAC Foundation

The presence of one or more passengers has been shown to distract drivers during manual driving, with reported reductions in situational awareness, an increase in the risk of taking unsafe actions, and an increased risk of a fatal crash, particularly... Read More about How Will Drivers and Passengers Interact in Future Automated Vehicles?.

Exploring Spatial Patterns of Tropical Peatland Subsidence in Selangor, Malaysia Using the APSIS-DInSAR Technique (2024)
Journal Article
de la Barreda-Bautista, B., Ledger, M. J., Sjögersten, S., Gee, D., Sowter, A., Cole, B., …Boyd, D. S. (2024). Exploring Spatial Patterns of Tropical Peatland Subsidence in Selangor, Malaysia Using the APSIS-DInSAR Technique. Remote Sensing, 16(12), Article 2249. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16122249

Tropical peatlands in Southeast Asia have experienced widespread subsidence due to forest clearance and drainage for agriculture, oil palm and pulp wood production, causing concerns about their function as a long-term carbon store. Peatland drainage... Read More about Exploring Spatial Patterns of Tropical Peatland Subsidence in Selangor, Malaysia Using the APSIS-DInSAR Technique.

Blanket bog vegetation response to wildfire and drainage suggests resilience to low severity, infrequent burning (2024)
Journal Article
Andersen, R., Fernandez-Garcia, P., Martin-Walker, A., Klein, D., Marshall, C., Large, D. J., …Hancock, M. H. (2024). Blanket bog vegetation response to wildfire and drainage suggests resilience to low severity, infrequent burning. Fire Ecology, 20(1), Article 26. https://doi.org/10.1186/s42408-024-00256-0

Background In 2019, a wildfire impacted an area of blanket bog and wet heath > 60 km2 in the Flow Country peatlands of northern Scotland, a site of global significance. Unusually the footprint of the wildfire included discrete areas of degraded, res... Read More about Blanket bog vegetation response to wildfire and drainage suggests resilience to low severity, infrequent burning.

In two minds: distractive and protective effects of passengers in automated vehicles (2024)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
LARGE, D., Harvey, C., Shaw, E., Khandeparker, S., Burnett, G., & Box, E. (in press). In two minds: distractive and protective effects of passengers in automated vehicles.

We highlight exemplar behaviours elicited through the observation of driver-passenger interactions in a multiple journey driving simulator study, demonstrating both distractive and protective effects when a front-seat passenger is present during SAE... Read More about In two minds: distractive and protective effects of passengers in automated vehicles.

MPeat2D - A fully coupled mechanical-ecohydrological model of peatland development in two dimensions (2023)
Preprint / Working Paper
Mahdiyasa, A. W., Large, D. J., Icardi, M., & Muljadi, B. P. MPeat2D - A fully coupled mechanical-ecohydrological model of peatland development in two dimensions

Higher dimensional models of peatland development are required to analyse the influence of spatial heterogeneity and complex feedback mechanisms. However, the current models exclude the mechanical process that leads to uncertainties in simulating the... Read More about MPeat2D - A fully coupled mechanical-ecohydrological model of peatland development in two dimensions.

Identifying interaction types and functionality for automated vehicle virtual assistants: An exploratory study using speech acts cluster analysis (2023)
Journal Article
Clark, J. R., Large, D. R., Shaw, E., Nichele, E., Galvez Trigo, M. J., Fischer, J. E., …Stanton, N. A. (2024). Identifying interaction types and functionality for automated vehicle virtual assistants: An exploratory study using speech acts cluster analysis. Applied Ergonomics, 114, Article 104152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2023.104152

Onboard virtual assistants with the ability to converse with users are gaining favour in supporting effective human-machine interaction to meet safe standards of operation in automated vehicles (AVs). Previous studies have highlighted the need to com... Read More about Identifying interaction types and functionality for automated vehicle virtual assistants: An exploratory study using speech acts cluster analysis.

Mapping and monitoring peatland conditions from global to field scale (2023)
Journal Article
Minasny, B., Adetsu, D. V., Aitkenhead, M., Artz, R. R. E., Baggaley, N., Barthelmes, A., …Zak, D. (2024). Mapping and monitoring peatland conditions from global to field scale. Biogeochemistry, 167(4), 383-425. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-023-01084-1

Peatlands cover only 3–4% of the Earth’s surface, but they store nearly 30% of global soil carbon stock. This significant carbon store is under threat as peatlands continue to be degraded at alarming rates around the world. It has prompted countries... Read More about Mapping and monitoring peatland conditions from global to field scale.

I, AV: A Ghost Driver Field Study Exploring the Application of Anthropomorphism in AV-Pedestrian Communication (2023)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Large, D. R., Hallewell, M., Li, X., Harvey, C., & Burnett, G. (2023). I, AV: A Ghost Driver Field Study Exploring the Application of Anthropomorphism in AV-Pedestrian Communication. In AutomotiveUI '23 Adjunct: Adjunct Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications (127-132). https://doi.org/10.1145/3581961.3609883

We employed the 'Ghost Driver' methodology to emulate an autonomous vehicle (AV) and explored pedestrians' (n=520) crossing behaviour in response to external human-machine interfaces (eHMIs). Three eHMI designs were created to replace absent pedestri... Read More about I, AV: A Ghost Driver Field Study Exploring the Application of Anthropomorphism in AV-Pedestrian Communication.

Tropical peat surface oscillations are a function of peat condition at North Selangor peat swamp forest, Malaysia (2023)
Journal Article
Ledger, M. J., Evans, C. D., Large, D. J., Evers, S., Brown, C., Jovani-Sancho, A. J., …Sjögersten, S. (2023). Tropical peat surface oscillations are a function of peat condition at North Selangor peat swamp forest, Malaysia. Frontiers in Environmental Science, 11, Article 1182100. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2023.1182100

Tropical peatland condition across southeast Asia is deteriorating as a result of conversion to agriculture and urban zones. Conversion begins by lowering the water table, which leads to peat decomposition, subsidence and increased risk of large-scal... Read More about Tropical peat surface oscillations are a function of peat condition at North Selangor peat swamp forest, Malaysia.

Ghost Busting: A Novel On-Road Exploration of External HMIs for Autonomous Vehicles (2023)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Large, D. R., Hallewell, M., Li, X., Harvey, C., & Burnett, G. (2023). Ghost Busting: A Novel On-Road Exploration of External HMIs for Autonomous Vehicles.

The absence of a human driver in future autonomous vehicles means that explicit pedestrian-driver communication is not possible. Building on the novel ‘Ghost Driver’ methodology to emulate an autonomous vehicle, we developed prototype external human-... Read More about Ghost Busting: A Novel On-Road Exploration of External HMIs for Autonomous Vehicles.

A validation study of a fixed-based, medium fidelity driving simulator for human–machine interfaces visual distraction testing (2023)
Journal Article
Large, D. R., Pampel, S. M., Merriman, S. E., & Burnett, G. (2023). A validation study of a fixed-based, medium fidelity driving simulator for human–machine interfaces visual distraction testing. IET Intelligent Transport Systems, 17(6), 1104-1117. https://doi.org/10.1049/itr2.12362

Studies comparing results captured in a simulator with those on road are important to validate the approach but are scarce in the context of secondary task distraction due to the potential ramifications of diverting attention away from safe driving.... Read More about A validation study of a fixed-based, medium fidelity driving simulator for human–machine interfaces visual distraction testing.

Modelling the influence of mechanical-ecohydrological feedback on the nonlinear dynamics of peatlands (2023)
Journal Article
Mahdiyasa, A. W., Large, D. J., Muljadi, B. P., & Icardi, M. (2023). Modelling the influence of mechanical-ecohydrological feedback on the nonlinear dynamics of peatlands. Ecological Modelling, 478, Article 110299. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2023.110299

Peatlands are complex systems that exhibit nonlinear dynamics due to internal and external feedback mechanisms. However, the feedback of vegetation on peat volume changes that potentially affect peatland dynamics is not well understood. Here, we anal... Read More about Modelling the influence of mechanical-ecohydrological feedback on the nonlinear dynamics of peatlands.

Pore Structure-Transport Relationships in Bowland Shale (2022)
Book Chapter
Pitcher, E. G., Fletcher, R. S., Large, D. J., & Rigby, S. P. (2023). Pore Structure-Transport Relationships in Bowland Shale. In The Bowland Shale Formation, UK: Processes and Resources. Geological Society. https://doi.org/10.1144/sp534-2021-97

Shale rocks are highly structurally and chemically heterogeneous, such that the pore structure-transport relationship is complex. Shales typically have porosity over many length-scales from the molecular up to macroscopic fractures. This work utilize... Read More about Pore Structure-Transport Relationships in Bowland Shale.

Augmenting Automotive Gesture Infotainment Interfaces through Mid-Air Haptic Icon Design (2022)
Book Chapter
Brown, E., Large, D. R., Limerick, H., Frier, W., & Burnett, G. (2022). Augmenting Automotive Gesture Infotainment Interfaces through Mid-Air Haptic Icon Design. In Ultrasound Mid-Air Haptics for Touchless Interfaces (119-145). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-04043-6_5

A growing body of work is demonstrating the potential benefits of haptic interfaces for the automotive domain, including the use of ultrasound haptic interfaces. In this chapter, we present our work into the development of an in-vehicle mid-air gestu... Read More about Augmenting Automotive Gesture Infotainment Interfaces through Mid-Air Haptic Icon Design.

Effects of Wording and Gendered Voices on Acceptability of Voice Assistants in Future Autonomous Vehicles (2022)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Jestin, I., Fischer, J., Galvez Trigo, M. J., Large, D. R., & Burnett, G. (2022). Effects of Wording and Gendered Voices on Acceptability of Voice Assistants in Future Autonomous Vehicles. In CUI '22: Proceedings of the 4th Conference on Conversational User Interfaces (1-11). https://doi.org/10.1145/3543829.3543836

Voice assistants in future autonomous vehicles may play a major role in supporting the driver during periods of a transfer of control with the vehicle (handover and handback). However, little is known about the effects of different qualities of the v... Read More about Effects of Wording and Gendered Voices on Acceptability of Voice Assistants in Future Autonomous Vehicles.

Pro-Social Mobility: Using Mozilla Hubs as a Design Collaboration Tool (2022)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Large, D., Hallewell, M., Briars, L., Harvey, C., & Burnett, G. (2022, April). Pro-Social Mobility: Using Mozilla Hubs as a Design Collaboration Tool. Paper presented at Ergonomics & Human Factors 2022, Birmingham, UK

This paper showcases the novel application of Mozilla Hubs in the context of interface design for future, autonomous taxis. It demonstrates that repurposing pro-social virtual reality as a design collaboration tool enables an embodied and spatialised... Read More about Pro-Social Mobility: Using Mozilla Hubs as a Design Collaboration Tool.

Evaluating Virtual Reality 360 Video to Inform Interface Design for Driverless Taxis (2022)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Large, D., Hallewell, M., Coffey, M., Evans, J., Briars, L., Harvey, C., & Burnett, G. (2022, April). Evaluating Virtual Reality 360 Video to Inform Interface Design for Driverless Taxis. Paper presented at Ergonomics & Human Factors 2022, Birmingham, UK

Autonomous, self-driving taxis are a commonly cited solution for future mobility but inevitably raise myriad human-centred design and usability challenges. However, conducting usability and user experience studies in imagined, future vehicles is trou... Read More about Evaluating Virtual Reality 360 Video to Inform Interface Design for Driverless Taxis.

Validating the Salience of Haptic Icons for Automotive Mid-Air Haptic Gesture Interfaces (2022)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Brown, E., Large, D., Limerick, H., Frier, W., & Burnett, G. (2022, April). Validating the Salience of Haptic Icons for Automotive Mid-Air Haptic Gesture Interfaces. Paper presented at Ergonomics & Human Factors 2022, Birmingham, UK

Mid-air haptic technology has enabled a new research arena in spatial interaction to emerge. Various efforts have attempted to pair mid-air haptics with gestural input for In-Vehicle Infotainment Systems but have not explored the higher reaches of se... Read More about Validating the Salience of Haptic Icons for Automotive Mid-Air Haptic Gesture Interfaces.

Identification of typical ecohydrological behaviours using InSAR allows landscape-scale mapping of peatland condition (2022)
Journal Article
Bradley, A. V., Andersen, R., Marshall, C., Sowter, A., & Large, D. J. (2022). Identification of typical ecohydrological behaviours using InSAR allows landscape-scale mapping of peatland condition. Earth Surface Dynamics, 10(2), 261-277. https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-261-2022

Better tools for rapid and reliable assessment of global peatland extent and condition are urgently needed to support action to prevent further decline of peatlands. Peatland surface motion is a response to changes in the water and gas content of a p... Read More about Identification of typical ecohydrological behaviours using InSAR allows landscape-scale mapping of peatland condition.