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Surface Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines: High Speed Design and Limits (2022)
Journal Article
Gallicchio, G., Nardo, M. D., Palmieri, M., Ilkhani, M. R., Degano, M., Gerada, C., & Cupertino, F. (2023). Surface Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines: High Speed Design and Limits. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, 38(2), 1311-1324. https://doi.org/10.1109/tec.2022.3225224

Surface permanent magnet synchronous machines are one of the most widely adopted machine topologies in high-speed applications where efficiency and power factor cannot be compromised. Although the design of such machine type has been extensively inve... Read More about Surface Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines: High Speed Design and Limits.

2-DOF Decoupled Discrete Current Control for AC Drives at Low Sampling-to-Fundamental Frequency Ratios (2022)
Journal Article
Wang, M., Buticchi, G., Li, J., Gu, C., Gerada, D., Degano, M., Xu, L., Li, Y., Zhang, H., & Gerada, C. (2023). 2-DOF Decoupled Discrete Current Control for AC Drives at Low Sampling-to-Fundamental Frequency Ratios. IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification, 9(2), 2048-2058. https://doi.org/10.1109/TTE.2022.3210909

In high performance drive systems, wide bandwidth and reference tracking accuracy of current control loop are fundamental requirements. The conventional PI controller provides robustness against the machine parameter mismatching and zero steady-state... Read More about 2-DOF Decoupled Discrete Current Control for AC Drives at Low Sampling-to-Fundamental Frequency Ratios.

Comparative Stability Analysis of Synchronous Reference Frame Current Controllers Operated at High Fundamental Frequency (2022)
Journal Article
Diab, A. M., Guo, F., Yeoh, S. S., Bozhko, S., Gerada, C., & Galea, M. (2022). Comparative Stability Analysis of Synchronous Reference Frame Current Controllers Operated at High Fundamental Frequency. IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification, 9(2), 2115 - 2128. https://doi.org/10.1109/TTE.2022.3208825

Synchronous reference frame (SRF) proportional-integral (PI) current controller (CC) is the most well-established solution for current regulation in AC machine drives and grid-connected voltage source converters. The design of high dynamic performanc... Read More about Comparative Stability Analysis of Synchronous Reference Frame Current Controllers Operated at High Fundamental Frequency.

Modifications to PM-assisted Synchronous Reluctance Machine to Achieve Rare-Earth Free Heavy-duty Traction (2022)
Journal Article
Al-ani, M., Walker, A., Vakil, G., Gerada, D., Gerada, C., & Paciura, K. (2023). Modifications to PM-assisted Synchronous Reluctance Machine to Achieve Rare-Earth Free Heavy-duty Traction. IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, 11(2), 2029 -2038. https://doi.org/10.1109/jestpe.2022.3203184

Automotive applications require electrical machines designed for high torque density, wide speed range, and low cost. NdFeB magnets can achieve a high torque density and wide speed range, and however, they have a high cost. Therefore, this article ex... Read More about Modifications to PM-assisted Synchronous Reluctance Machine to Achieve Rare-Earth Free Heavy-duty Traction.

Surrogate role of machine learning in motor-drive optimization for more-electric aircraft applications (2022)
Journal Article
Gao, Y., Cheong, B., Bozhko, S., Wheeler, P., Gerada, C., & Yang, T. (2023). Surrogate role of machine learning in motor-drive optimization for more-electric aircraft applications. Chinese Journal of Aeronautics, 36(2), 213-228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cja.2022.08.011

Motor drives form an essential part of the electric compressors, pumps, braking and actuation systems in the More-Electric Aircraft (MEA). In this paper, the application of Machine Learning (ML) in motor-drive design and optimization process is inves... Read More about Surrogate role of machine learning in motor-drive optimization for more-electric aircraft applications.

Comparison of AC Losses in the Winding of Electrical Machines with Fixed Strands Positions, Fixed Conductor Shapes and Random Winding (2022)
Journal Article
Bardalai, A., Gerada, D., Zou, T., Degano, M., Zhang, C., & Gerada, C. (2022). Comparison of AC Losses in the Winding of Electrical Machines with Fixed Strands Positions, Fixed Conductor Shapes and Random Winding. Energies, 15(15), Article 5701. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15155701

In high performance electric machines, the increase of fundamental frequency leads to additional losses in the winding due to parasitic effects such as the associated skin and proximity effects. In the first part, this paper presents an investigation... Read More about Comparison of AC Losses in the Winding of Electrical Machines with Fixed Strands Positions, Fixed Conductor Shapes and Random Winding.

High Speed Permanent Magnet Assisted Synchronous Reluctance Machine - Part II: Performance Boundaries (2022)
Journal Article
Di Nardo, M., Gallicchio, G., Palmieri, M., Marfoli, A., Degano, M., Gerada, C., & Cupertino, F. (2022). High Speed Permanent Magnet Assisted Synchronous Reluctance Machine - Part II: Performance Boundaries. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, 37(4), 2567-2577. https://doi.org/10.1109/tec.2022.3176383

The insertion of permanent magnets (PMs) within the rotor slots of Synchronous Reluctance Machines (SyRM) is the most common design strategy used to increase significantly their performance. In this paper it is shown how a permanent magnet assisted s... Read More about High Speed Permanent Magnet Assisted Synchronous Reluctance Machine - Part II: Performance Boundaries.

On the Use of Topology Optimization for Synchronous Reluctance Machines Design (2022)
Journal Article
Korman, O., Di Nardo, M., Degano, M., & Gerada, C. (2022). On the Use of Topology Optimization for Synchronous Reluctance Machines Design. Energies, 15(10), Article 3719. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15103719

Synchronous reluctance (SynRel) machines are considered one of the promising and cost-effective solutions to many industrial and mobility applications. Nonetheless, achieving an optimal design is challenging due to the complex correlation between geo... Read More about On the Use of Topology Optimization for Synchronous Reluctance Machines Design.

Torque Limiters for Aerospace Actuator Application (2022)
Journal Article
Shahjahan Ahmad, S., Tom, L., La Rocca, A., La Rocca, S., Vakil, G., Gerada, C., & Benarous, M. (2022). Torque Limiters for Aerospace Actuator Application. Energies, 15(4), Article 1467. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15041467

Safety and reliability of electrical actuators are essential for success of all electric and more electric aircrafts (MEA). Torque limiters improve the reliability of electromechanical actuators (EMA) by restricting the amount of force experienced by... Read More about Torque Limiters for Aerospace Actuator Application.

Performance Entitlement by Using Novel High Strength Electrical Steels and Copper Alloys for High-Speed Laminated Rotor Induction Machines (2022)
Journal Article
Zhang, F., Gerada, D., Xu, Z., He, Y., Zhang, H., Hua, W., & Gerada, C. (2022). Performance Entitlement by Using Novel High Strength Electrical Steels and Copper Alloys for High-Speed Laminated Rotor Induction Machines. Electronics, 11(2), 210. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11020210

The laminated rotor Induction Machine (IM), with its simple construction and manufacturing, robustness, ease of control and comparatively lower cost remains by far the most utilized electromechanical energy converter. At very high speeds, traditional... Read More about Performance Entitlement by Using Novel High Strength Electrical Steels and Copper Alloys for High-Speed Laminated Rotor Induction Machines.

Review on the Traditional and Integrated Passives: State-of-the-Art Design and Technologies (2021)
Journal Article
Khowja, M. R., Abebe, R., Vakil, G., Walker, A., Patel, C., Gerada, C., …Cascella, G. L. (2021). Review on the Traditional and Integrated Passives: State-of-the-Art Design and Technologies. Energies, 15(1), Article 88. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15010088

With the increased necessity of a high power density and efficient system in aerospace and marine industries, integrated motor drives provide an excellent solution in the modern era. Therefore, a close structural and functional integration of passive... Read More about Review on the Traditional and Integrated Passives: State-of-the-Art Design and Technologies.

Commercial Aircraft Electrification—Current State and Future Scope (2021)
Journal Article
Tom, L., Khowja, M., Vakil, G., & Gerada, C. (2021). Commercial Aircraft Electrification—Current State and Future Scope. Energies, 14(24), Article 8381. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14248381

Electric and hybrid-electric aircraft propulsion are rapidly revolutionising mobility technologies. Air travel has become a major focus point with respect to reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The electrification of aircraft components can bring seve... Read More about Commercial Aircraft Electrification—Current State and Future Scope.

Neural Network aided PMSM multi-objective design and optimization for more-electric aircraft applications (2021)
Journal Article
Gao, Y., Yang, T., Bozhko, S., Wheeler, P., Dragicevic, T.-L., & Gerada, C. (2022). Neural Network aided PMSM multi-objective design and optimization for more-electric aircraft applications. Chinese Journal of Aeronautics, 35(10), 233-246. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cja.2021.08.006

This study uses the Neural Network (NN) technique to optimize design of surface-mounted Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSMs) for More-Electric Aircraft (MEA) applications. The key role of NN is to provide dedicated correction factors for the a... Read More about Neural Network aided PMSM multi-objective design and optimization for more-electric aircraft applications.

Improved Thermal Modeling and Experimental Validation of Oil-Flooded High-Performance Machines with Slot-Channel Cooling (2021)
Journal Article
Zhang, F., Gerada, D., Xu, Z., Zhang, X., Zhang, H., Gerada, C., …Degano, M. (2022). Improved Thermal Modeling and Experimental Validation of Oil-Flooded High-Performance Machines with Slot-Channel Cooling. IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification, 8(1), 312-324. https://doi.org/10.1109/TTE.2021.3106819

Thermal management is often considered a bottleneck in the pursuit of the next-generation electrical machines for electrified transportation with a step change in power density. Slot-channel cooling is considered to be an effective cooling technique,... Read More about Improved Thermal Modeling and Experimental Validation of Oil-Flooded High-Performance Machines with Slot-Channel Cooling.

How non-conventional machining affects the surface integrity and magnetic properties of non-oriented electrical steel (2021)
Journal Article
Winter, K., Liao, Z., Ramanathan, R., Axinte, D., Vakil, G., & Gerada, C. (2021). How non-conventional machining affects the surface integrity and magnetic properties of non-oriented electrical steel. Materials and Design, 210, Article 110051. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2021.110051

Non-oriented electrical steel (NOES) laminations are commonly used to manufacture the rotor and stator core of electric machines. To achieve high machine efficiencies, it is desirable for these NOES laminations to be able to achieve a high saturation... Read More about How non-conventional machining affects the surface integrity and magnetic properties of non-oriented electrical steel.

Integrated motor drive: Mass and volume optimization of the motor with an integrated filter inductor (2021)
Journal Article
Khowja, M. R., Vakil, G., Gerada, C., Patel, C., Odhano, S., & Wheeler, P. (2021). Integrated motor drive: Mass and volume optimization of the motor with an integrated filter inductor. Energies, 14(15), Article 4564. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14154564

The present trend of aerospace industries is being shifted towards a “More Electric Aircraft” system which needs to be high power dense. For this purpose, the integration technologies have gained massive interest, providing the benefits of reduced lo... Read More about Integrated motor drive: Mass and volume optimization of the motor with an integrated filter inductor.

Open and Short Circuit Post-Fault Control Strategies for Multi-Three-Phase Interior Permanent Magnet Machines (2021)
Journal Article
Abdul Rahman, A., Galassini, A., Degano, M., Buticchi, G., Cristian Pesce, G., Gerada, C., Bozhko, S., & Almurib, H. A. (2022). Open and Short Circuit Post-Fault Control Strategies for Multi-Three-Phase Interior Permanent Magnet Machines. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, 37(1), 163-174. https://doi.org/10.1109/tec.2021.3090982

This paper presents a post-fault current control strategy for dual three-phase Interior Permanent Magnet (IPM) synchronous machines. The current controllers are designed based on the Vector Space Decomposition (VSD) algorithm. This take into account... Read More about Open and Short Circuit Post-Fault Control Strategies for Multi-Three-Phase Interior Permanent Magnet Machines.

Electrical Machine Slot Thermal Condition Effects on Back Iron Extension Thermal Benefits (2021)
Journal Article
Zhang, F., Gerada, D., Xu, Z., Tighe, C., Zhang, H., Yan, L., & Gerada, C. (2021). Electrical Machine Slot Thermal Condition Effects on Back Iron Extension Thermal Benefits. IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification, 7(4), 2927-2938. https://doi.org/10.1109/tte.2021.3085822

The slot thermal condition is critical for thermal management of high-performance electrical machines, due to the high heat losses and poor heat transfer ability within the slot. With a part of the back iron projected radially downward into the slot,... Read More about Electrical Machine Slot Thermal Condition Effects on Back Iron Extension Thermal Benefits.

A thermal modeling approach and experimental validation for an oil spray-cooled hairpin winding machine (2021)
Journal Article
Zhang, F., Gerada, D., Xu, Z., Liu, C., Zhang, H., Zou, T., Chong, Y. C., & Gerada, C. (2021). A thermal modeling approach and experimental validation for an oil spray-cooled hairpin winding machine. IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification, 7(4), 2914--2926. https://doi.org/10.1109/tte.2021.3067601

While the electromagnetic aspects of hairpin windings are actively being investigated and discussed in recent literature, including the design rules together with the loss calculation and reduction techniques, the thermal performance and modeling asp... Read More about A thermal modeling approach and experimental validation for an oil spray-cooled hairpin winding machine.

Enhanced Active Disturbance Rejection Current Controller for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines Operated at Low Sampling Time Ratio (2021)
Journal Article
Diab, A. M., Yeoh, S. S., Bozhko, S., Gerada, C., & Galea, M. (2022). Enhanced Active Disturbance Rejection Current Controller for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines Operated at Low Sampling Time Ratio. IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Industrial Electronics, 3, 230-241. https://doi.org/10.1109/JESTIE.2021.3063919

Recently, Active Disturbance Rejection Control (ADRC) Scheme has been widely used for current regulation in AC drive systems owing to its robustness to system uncertainties and its high disturbance-rejection capability. However, it has not been consi... Read More about Enhanced Active Disturbance Rejection Current Controller for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines Operated at Low Sampling Time Ratio.