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Diagnostic Armamentarium of Infectious Keratitis: A Comprehensive Review

Ting, Darren S. J.; Gopal, Bhavesh P.; Deshmukh, Rashmi; Seitzman, Gerami D.; Said, Dalia G.; Dua, Harminder S.

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Authors

Darren S. J. Ting

Bhavesh P. Gopal

Rashmi Deshmukh

Gerami D. Seitzman

Dalia G. Said

Harminder S. Dua



Abstract

Infectious keratitis (IK) represents the leading cause of corneal blindness worldwide, particularly in developing countries. A good outcome of IK is contingent upon timely and accurate diagnosis followed by appropriate interventions. Currently, IK is primarily diagnosed on clinical grounds supplemented by microbiological investigations such as microscopic examination with stains, and culture and sensitivity testing. Although this is the most widely accepted practice adopted in most regions, such an approach is challenged by several factors, including indistinguishable clinical features shared among different causative organisms, polymicrobial infection, long diagnostic turnaround time, and variably low culture positivity rate. In this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the current diagnostic armamentarium of IK, encompassing conventional microbiological investigations, molecular diagnostics (including polymerase chain reaction and mass spectrometry), and imaging modalities (including anterior segment optical coherence tomography and in vivo confocal microscopy). We also highlight the potential roles of emerging technologies such as next-generation sequencing, artificial intelligence-assisted platforms. and tele-medicine in shaping the future diagnostic landscape of IK.

Citation

Ting, D. S. J., Gopal, B. P., Deshmukh, R., Seitzman, G. D., Said, D. G., & Dua, H. S. (2022). Diagnostic Armamentarium of Infectious Keratitis: A Comprehensive Review. Ocular Surface, 23, 27-39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtos.2021.11.003

Journal Article Type Article
Acceptance Date Nov 7, 2021
Online Publication Date Nov 13, 2021
Publication Date Jan 1, 2022
Deposit Date Nov 12, 2021
Publicly Available Date Nov 13, 2021
Journal The Ocular Surface
Print ISSN 1542-0124
Electronic ISSN 1937-5913
Publisher Elsevier
Peer Reviewed Peer Reviewed
Volume 23
Pages 27-39
DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtos.2021.11.003
Public URL https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/output/6681547
Publisher URL https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1542012421001300?v=s5

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