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Does Human Papillomavirus Play a Causative Role in Prostate Cancer? A Systematic Review Using Bradford Hill’s Criteria

Opeyemi Bello, Ridwan; Willis-Powell, Lily; James, Olivia; Sharma, Avyay; Marsh, Elizabeth; Ellis, Libby; Gaston, Kevin; Siddiqui, Yusra

Does Human Papillomavirus Play a Causative Role in Prostate Cancer? A Systematic Review Using Bradford Hill’s Criteria Thumbnail


Authors

Ridwan Opeyemi Bello

Elizabeth Marsh

Yusra Siddiqui



Contributors

Giorgio Treglia
Editor

Aria Baniahmad
Editor

Ursula Maria Vogl
Editor

Abstract

Globally, prostate cancer is the fifth most common cause of cancer-related death among men, and metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer has a high cancer-related mortality rate. However, the aetiology of this disease is not yet fully understood. While human papillomavirus (HPV) has been associated with several types of cancer, including cervical, anal, and oropharyngeal cancers, studies investigating the relationship between HPV and prostate cancer have shown mixed results. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the causative association between HPV and prostate cancer using Bradford Hill’s criteria. A comprehensive search of PubMed was conducted, and 60 out of 482 studies were included in the review. The included studies were evaluated based on nine Bradford Hill criteria, and information on the identification and transmission of the virus and potential oncogenic mechanisms was also extracted. The strength of association criterion was not met, and other criteria, such as consistency and coherence, were not fulfilled. However, biological plausibility was supported, and potential oncogenic mechanisms were identified. While some studies have reported the presence of HPV in prostate cancer tissues, the overall quality of evidence remains low, and the association between HPV and prostate cancer is weak. Nevertheless, the prostate is a potential reservoir for the transmission of HPV, and the HPV E6 and E7 oncoproteins and inflammation are likely to be involved in any oncogenic mechanisms. Further studies with a higher level of evidence are needed to establish a definitive link between HPV and prostate cancer.

Citation

Opeyemi Bello, R., Willis-Powell, L., James, O., Sharma, A., Marsh, E., Ellis, L., …Siddiqui, Y. (2023). Does Human Papillomavirus Play a Causative Role in Prostate Cancer? A Systematic Review Using Bradford Hill’s Criteria. Cancers, 15(15), Article 3897. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15153897

Journal Article Type Article
Acceptance Date Jul 6, 2023
Online Publication Date Jul 31, 2023
Publication Date Aug 1, 2023
Deposit Date Aug 1, 2023
Publicly Available Date Aug 2, 2023
Journal Cancers
Electronic ISSN 2072-6694
Publisher MDPI
Peer Reviewed Peer Reviewed
Volume 15
Issue 15
Article Number 3897
DOI https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15153897
Keywords prostate cancer, HPV, human papillomavirus
Public URL https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/output/23647009
Publisher URL https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/15/15/3897

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