The trade-GDP ratio as a measure of openness
(2022)
Journal Article
Bleaney, M., & Tian, M. (2023). The trade-GDP ratio as a measure of openness. World Economy, 46(5), 1319-1332. https://doi.org/10.1111/twec.13355
The ratio of trade to GDP is often used as a summary measure of a country's openness to the rest of the world. It is well known that the trade-GDP ratio is affected by relatively time-invariant factors, such as country size and remoteness from tradin... Read More about The trade-GDP ratio as a measure of openness.