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Outputs (142)

Hormone replacement therapy and cancer mortality in women with 17 site-specific cancers: a cohort study using linked medical records (2024)
Journal Article

Background: There is limited evidence on the safety of Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) in women with cancer. Therefore, we systematically examined HRT use and cancer-specific mortality in women with 17 site-specific cancers. Methods: Women newly di... Read More about Hormone replacement therapy and cancer mortality in women with 17 site-specific cancers: a cohort study using linked medical records.

Uptake, effectiveness and safety of COVID-19 vaccines in individuals at clinical risk due to immunosuppressive drug therapy or transplantation procedures: a population-based cohort study in England (2024)
Journal Article

Background: Immunocompromised individuals are at increased risk of severe COVID-19 outcomes, underscoring the importance of COVID-19 vaccination in this population. The lack of comprehensive real world data on vaccine uptake, effectiveness and safety... Read More about Uptake, effectiveness and safety of COVID-19 vaccines in individuals at clinical risk due to immunosuppressive drug therapy or transplantation procedures: a population-based cohort study in England.

Fatigue during the COVID-19 pandemic – prevalence and predictors: findings from a prospective cohort study (2024)
Journal Article

The COVID-19 pandemic and consequent lockdowns had a substantial impact on mental health. Distress and fatigue are highly correlated. However, little is known about the determinants of fatigue in the general population during the pandemic. This study... Read More about Fatigue during the COVID-19 pandemic – prevalence and predictors: findings from a prospective cohort study.

Predicting the risk of pancreatic cancer in adults with new-onset diabetes: development and internal–external validation of a clinical risk prediction model (2024)
Journal Article

Background: The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) recommends that people aged 60+ years with newly diagnosed diabetes and weight loss undergo abdominal imaging to assess for pancreatic cancer. More nuanced stratification could... Read More about Predicting the risk of pancreatic cancer in adults with new-onset diabetes: development and internal–external validation of a clinical risk prediction model.

Seasonal trends in antidepressant prescribing, depression, anxiety and self-harm in adolescents and young adults: an open cohort study using English primary care data (2023)
Journal Article

Background There is an increasing demand for mental health services for young people, which may vary across the year. Objective To determine whether there are seasonal patterns in primary care antidepressant prescribing and mental health issues in... Read More about Seasonal trends in antidepressant prescribing, depression, anxiety and self-harm in adolescents and young adults: an open cohort study using English primary care data.

Development and validation of a novel risk prediction algorithm to estimate 10-year risk of oesophageal cancer in primary care: prospective cohort study and evaluation of performance against two other risk prediction models (2023)
Journal Article

Background: Methods to identify patients at increased risk of oesophageal cancer are needed to better identify those for targeted screening. We aimed to derive and validate novel risk prediction algorithms (CanPredict) to estimate the 10-year risk of... Read More about Development and validation of a novel risk prediction algorithm to estimate 10-year risk of oesophageal cancer in primary care: prospective cohort study and evaluation of performance against two other risk prediction models.

Frequency and impact of medication reviews for people aged 65 years or above in UK primary care: an observational study using electronic health records (2023)
Journal Article

Background Medication reviews in primary care provide an opportunity to review and discuss the safety and appropriateness of a person’s medicines. However, there is limited evidence about access to and the impact of routine medication reviews for old... Read More about Frequency and impact of medication reviews for people aged 65 years or above in UK primary care: an observational study using electronic health records.

Healthcare utilisation and mortality in people with osteoarthritis in the UK: findings from a national primary care database. (2023)
Journal Article

Background The burden of osteoarthritis (OA) in UK primary care has not been investigated thoroughly. Aim To estimate healthcare use and mortality in people with OA (overall and joint specific). Design and setting A matched cohort study of adul... Read More about Healthcare utilisation and mortality in people with osteoarthritis in the UK: findings from a national primary care database..

Risk prediction of covid-19 related death or hospital admission in adults testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection during the omicron wave in England (QCOVID4): cohort study (2023)
Journal Article

Objectives To derive and validate risk prediction algorithms (QCOVID4) to estimate the risk of covid-19 related death and hospital admission in people with a positive SARS-CoV-2 test result during the period when the omicron variant of the virus was... Read More about Risk prediction of covid-19 related death or hospital admission in adults testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection during the omicron wave in England (QCOVID4): cohort study.

Disparities in care and outcomes for primary liver cancer in England during 2008–2018: a cohort study of 8.52 million primary care population using the QResearch database (2023)
Journal Article

Background: Liver cancer has one of the fastest rising incidence and mortality rates among all cancers in the UK, but it receives little attention. This study aims to understand the disparities in epidemiology and clinical pathways of primary liver c... Read More about Disparities in care and outcomes for primary liver cancer in England during 2008–2018: a cohort study of 8.52 million primary care population using the QResearch database.

Predicting the future risk of lung cancer: development, and internal and external validation of the CanPredict (lung) model in 19·67 million people and evaluation of model performance against seven other risk prediction models (2023)
Journal Article

Background: Lung cancer is the second most common cancer in incidence and the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Meanwhile, lung cancer screening with low-dose CT can reduce mortality. The UK National Screening Committee recommended targeted l... Read More about Predicting the future risk of lung cancer: development, and internal and external validation of the CanPredict (lung) model in 19·67 million people and evaluation of model performance against seven other risk prediction models.

Ethnic disparities in COVID-19 outcomes: a multinational cohort study of 20 million individuals from England and Canada (2023)
Journal Article

Background: Heterogeneous studies have demonstrated ethnic inequalities in the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and adverse COVID-19 outcomes. This study evaluates the association between ethnicity and COVID-19 outcomes in two large population-based coho... Read More about Ethnic disparities in COVID-19 outcomes: a multinational cohort study of 20 million individuals from England and Canada.

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on incidence of tics in children and young people: a population-based cohort study (2023)
Journal Article

Background: Since the onset of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, clinicians have reported an increase in presentations of sudden and new onset tics particularly affecting teenage girls. This population-based study aimed to describe and compare the... Read More about Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on incidence of tics in children and young people: a population-based cohort study.

Uptake of COVID-19 vaccination in people with blood cancer: Population-level cohort study of 12 million patients in England (2023)
Journal Article

Background: People with blood cancers have increased risk of severe outcomes from COVID-19 and were prioritised for vaccination. Methods: Individuals in the QResearch database aged 12 years and above on 1st December 2020 were included in the analysis... Read More about Uptake of COVID-19 vaccination in people with blood cancer: Population-level cohort study of 12 million patients in England.

Effectiveness of systematically delivered evidence-based home safety promotion to improve child home safety practices: a controlled before-and-after study (2023)
Journal Article

Objective: Evaluate the effectiveness of systematically delivered evidence-based home safety promotion for improving child home safety practices. Design: Controlled before-and-after study. Setting: Nine electoral wards in Nottingham, UK. Participants... Read More about Effectiveness of systematically delivered evidence-based home safety promotion to improve child home safety practices: a controlled before-and-after study.

Increases in stress hormone levels in a UK population during the COVID-19 pandemic: A prospective cohort study (2022)
Journal Article

Background: Research suggests that psychological factors may influence vulnerability to SARS-CoV-2 infection, although the mechanisms are unclear. Purpose: We examined whether the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis may be a possible mechanism, by me... Read More about Increases in stress hormone levels in a UK population during the COVID-19 pandemic: A prospective cohort study.

Cost-effectiveness of England's national 'Safe At Home' scheme for reducing hospital admissions for unintentional injury in children aged under 5 (2022)
Journal Article

Background: Injuries in children aged under 5 years most commonly occur in the home and disproportionately affect those living in the most disadvantaged communities. The 'Safe at Home' (SAH) national home safety equipment scheme, which ran in England... Read More about Cost-effectiveness of England's national 'Safe At Home' scheme for reducing hospital admissions for unintentional injury in children aged under 5.

Preexisting Neuropsychiatric Conditions and Associated Risk of Severe COVID-19 Infection and Other Acute Respiratory Infections (2022)
Journal Article

Importance Evidence indicates that preexisting neuropsychiatric conditions confer increased risks of severe outcomes from COVID-19 infection. It is unclear how this increased risk compares with risks associated with other severe acute respiratory inf... Read More about Preexisting Neuropsychiatric Conditions and Associated Risk of Severe COVID-19 Infection and Other Acute Respiratory Infections.

Design decisions and data completeness for experience sampling methods used in psychosis: systematic review (2022)
Journal Article

Background: The experience sampling method (ESM) is an intensive longitudinal research method. Participants complete questionnaires at multiple times about their current or very recent state. The design of ESM studies is complex. People with psychosi... Read More about Design decisions and data completeness for experience sampling methods used in psychosis: systematic review.

Risk Factors and Changes in Depression and Anxiety over Time in New Zealand during COVID-19: A Longitudinal Cohort Study (2022)
Journal Article

This longitudinal study investigated changes in and risk factors for anxiety and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic in a New Zealand cohort. Online surveys were distributed to 681 participants at three time-points: May 2020 (Time 1), August–Sept... Read More about Risk Factors and Changes in Depression and Anxiety over Time in New Zealand during COVID-19: A Longitudinal Cohort Study.

Associations of BMI with COVID-19 vaccine uptake, vaccine effectiveness, and risk of severe COVID-19 outcomes after vaccination in England: a population-based cohort study (2022)
Journal Article

Background: A high BMI has been associated with a reduced immune response to vaccination against influenza. We aimed to investigate the association between BMI and COVID-19 vaccine uptake, vaccine effectiveness, and risk of severe COVID-19 outcomes a... Read More about Associations of BMI with COVID-19 vaccine uptake, vaccine effectiveness, and risk of severe COVID-19 outcomes after vaccination in England: a population-based cohort study.

Temporality of body mass index, blood tests, comorbidities and medication use as early markers for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC): a nested case–control study (2022)
Journal Article

Objective Prior studies identified clinical factors associated with increased risk of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). However, little is known regarding their time-varying nature, which could inform earlier diagnosis. This study assessed tem... Read More about Temporality of body mass index, blood tests, comorbidities and medication use as early markers for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC): a nested case–control study.

Comorbidities in osteoarthritis (ComOA): a combined cross-sectional, case–control and cohort study using large electronic health records in four European countries (2022)
Journal Article

Introduction: Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the leading chronic conditions in the older population. People with OA are more likely to have one or more other chronic conditions than those without. However, the temporal associations, clusters of the co... Read More about Comorbidities in osteoarthritis (ComOA): a combined cross-sectional, case–control and cohort study using large electronic health records in four European countries.

The prevalence, incidence, prognosis and risk factors for symptoms of depression and anxiety in a UK cohort during the COVID-19 pandemic (2022)
Journal Article

Background The COVID-19 pandemic has had profound consequences for population mental health. However, it is less clear for whom these effects are sustained. Aims To investigate the prevalence, incidence, prognosis and risk factors for symptoms of dep... Read More about The prevalence, incidence, prognosis and risk factors for symptoms of depression and anxiety in a UK cohort during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Association between mirtazapine use and serious self-harm in people with depression: an active comparator cohort study using UK electronic health records (2022)
Journal Article

BACKGROUND: Studies report an increased risk of self-harm or suicide in people prescribed mirtazapine compared with other antidepressants. OBJECTIVES: To compare the risk of serious self-harm in people prescribed mirtazapine versus other antidepressa... Read More about Association between mirtazapine use and serious self-harm in people with depression: an active comparator cohort study using UK electronic health records.

Recruitment to a large scale randomised controlled clinical trial in primary care: the Helicobacter Eradication Aspirin Trial (HEAT) (2022)
Journal Article

Background: The Helicobacter Eradication Aspirin Trial (HEAT) is a multicentre, double blind, randomised controlled trial investigating whether Helicobacter (H.) pylori eradication reduces hospitalisation for peptic ulcer bleeding. Recruited particip... Read More about Recruitment to a large scale randomised controlled clinical trial in primary care: the Helicobacter Eradication Aspirin Trial (HEAT).

‘It is designed for everybody to find their own level and to improve themselves’; views of older people and instructors of the Falls Management Exercise (FaME) programme (2022)
Journal Article

Background: Older adults are at increased risk of falls due to ageing, decreased muscle strength and impaired balance. Clinical trials have demonstrated the efficacy and effectiveness of the Falls Management Exercise (FaME) programme in improving fun... Read More about ‘It is designed for everybody to find their own level and to improve themselves’; views of older people and instructors of the Falls Management Exercise (FaME) programme.

The risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality in people prescribed mirtazapine: an active comparator cohort study using electronic health records (2022)
Journal Article

Background Studies have reported an increased risk of mortality among people prescribed mirtazapine compared to other antidepressants. The study aimed to compare all-cause and cause-specific mortality between adults prescribed mirtazapine or other s... Read More about The risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality in people prescribed mirtazapine: an active comparator cohort study using electronic health records.

Clustering of comorbidities and associated outcomes in people with osteoarthritis - A UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink study (2022)
Journal Article

Objective: To examine the clusters of chronic conditions present in people with osteoarthritis and the associated risk factors and health outcomes. Methods: Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) GOLD was used to identify people diagnosed with in... Read More about Clustering of comorbidities and associated outcomes in people with osteoarthritis - A UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink study.

Relationship between Anxiety, Depression, and Susceptibility to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection: Proof of Concept (2022)
Journal Article

Background: Psychological factors can influence susceptibility to viral infections. We examined whether such influences are evident in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Methods: Participants (n=102) completed mea... Read More about Relationship between Anxiety, Depression, and Susceptibility to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection: Proof of Concept.

Feasibility of conducting a randomized, placebo-controlled study assessing whether omega-3 fatty acids prevent gout flares when starting urate-lowering treatment (2022)
Journal Article

Objective: The aim was to test the feasibility of a randomized controlled trial exploring whether omega-3 fatty acid supplementation limits gout flares during treat-to-target urate-lowering treatment (T2T-ULT). Methods: Adults with at least one gout... Read More about Feasibility of conducting a randomized, placebo-controlled study assessing whether omega-3 fatty acids prevent gout flares when starting urate-lowering treatment.

Comorbidities and use of analgesics in people with knee pain: a study in the Nottingham Knee Pain and Health in the Community (KPIC) cohort (2022)
Journal Article

Objectives: The aims were to examine the prevalence of comorbidities and role of oral analgesic use in people with knee pain (KP) compared with those without. Methods: The Knee Pain and related health In the Community (KPIC) cohort comprises communit... Read More about Comorbidities and use of analgesics in people with knee pain: a study in the Nottingham Knee Pain and Health in the Community (KPIC) cohort.

Risks of myocarditis, pericarditis, and cardiac arrhythmias associated with COVID-19 vaccination or SARS-CoV-2 infection (2021)
Journal Article

Although myocarditis and pericarditis were not observed as adverse events in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine trials, there have been numerous reports of suspected cases following vaccination in the general population. We undertook a self-... Read More about Risks of myocarditis, pericarditis, and cardiac arrhythmias associated with COVID-19 vaccination or SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Use of menopausal hormone therapy and risk of dementia: Nested case-control studies using QResearch and CPRD databases (2021)
Journal Article

Objective To assess the risks of developing dementia associated with different types and durations of menopausal hormone therapy. Design Two nested case-control studies. Setting UK general practices contributing to QResearch or the Clinical Practice... Read More about Use of menopausal hormone therapy and risk of dementia: Nested case-control studies using QResearch and CPRD databases.

Identifying symptoms associated with diagnosis of pancreatic exocrine and neuroendocrine neoplasms: A nested case-control study of the UK primary care population (2021)
Journal Article

Background: Pancreatic cancer has the worst survival rate among all cancers. Almost 70% of patients were diagnosed at Stage IV. Aim: This study aimed to investigate the symptoms associated with the diagnoses of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (P... Read More about Identifying symptoms associated with diagnosis of pancreatic exocrine and neuroendocrine neoplasms: A nested case-control study of the UK primary care population.

Risk prediction of covid-19 related death and hospital admission in adults after covid-19 vaccination: National prospective cohort study (2021)
Journal Article

Objectives To derive and validate risk prediction algorithms to estimate the risk of covid-19 related mortality and hospital admission in UK adults after one or two doses of covid-19 vaccination. Design Prospective, population based cohort study usin... Read More about Risk prediction of covid-19 related death and hospital admission in adults after covid-19 vaccination: National prospective cohort study.

Mental health and other factors associated with work productivity after injury in the UK: multicentre cohort study (2021)
Journal Article

Introduction: Mental health conditions are a major contributor to productivity loss and are common post-injury. This study quantifies post-injury productivity loss and its association with pre and post-injury mental health, injury, demographic, healt... Read More about Mental health and other factors associated with work productivity after injury in the UK: multicentre cohort study.

Risk of thrombocytopenia and thromboembolism after covid-19 vaccination and SARS-CoV-2 positive testing: self-controlled case series study (2021)
Journal Article

Objective: To assess the association between covid-19 vaccines and risk of thrombocytopenia and thromboembolic events in England among adults. Design: Self-controlled case series study using national data on covid-19 vaccination and hospital adm... Read More about Risk of thrombocytopenia and thromboembolism after covid-19 vaccination and SARS-CoV-2 positive testing: self-controlled case series study.

Implementation fidelity of the Falls Management Exercise Programme: a mixed methods analysis using a conceptual framework for implementation fidelity (2021)
Journal Article

Objectives: Falls in older adults cause significant morbidity and mortality and incur cost to health and care services. The Falls Management Exercise (FaME) programme is a 24-week intervention for older adults that, in clinical trials, improves balan... Read More about Implementation fidelity of the Falls Management Exercise Programme: a mixed methods analysis using a conceptual framework for implementation fidelity.

An external validation of the QCovid risk prediction algorithm for risk of mortality from COVID-19 in adults: a national validation cohort study in England (2021)
Journal Article

Background: Public policy measures and clinical risk assessments relevant to COVID-19 need to be aided by risk prediction models that are rigorously developed and validated. We aimed to externally validate a risk prediction algorithm (QCovid) to esti... Read More about An external validation of the QCovid risk prediction algorithm for risk of mortality from COVID-19 in adults: a national validation cohort study in England.

Mortality and critical care unit admission associated with the SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1.1.7 in England: an observational cohort study (2021)
Journal Article

Background: A more transmissible variant of SARS-CoV-2, the variant of concern 202012/01 or lineage B.1.1.7, has emerged in the UK. We aimed to estimate the risk of critical care admission, mortality in patients who are critically ill, and overall mo... Read More about Mortality and critical care unit admission associated with the SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1.1.7 in England: an observational cohort study.

Impact of the national home safety equipment scheme ‘Safe At Home’ on hospital admissions for unintentional injury in children under 5: controlled interrupted time series analysis (2021)
Journal Article

Background: Unintentional home injuries are a leading cause of preventable death in young children. Safety education and equipment provision improve home safety practices, but their impact on injuries is less clear. Between 2009 and 2011 a national h... Read More about Impact of the national home safety equipment scheme ‘Safe At Home’ on hospital admissions for unintentional injury in children under 5: controlled interrupted time series analysis.

Depression, anxiety and stress during the COVID-19 pandemic: results from a New Zealand cohort study on mental well-being (2021)
Journal Article

Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused unprecedented disruption to daily life. This study investigated depression, anxiety and stress in New Zealand (NZ) during the first ten weeks of the COVID-19 pandemic, and associated psychological and beha... Read More about Depression, anxiety and stress during the COVID-19 pandemic: results from a New Zealand cohort study on mental well-being.

Predicting the risk of prostate cancer in asymptomatic men: a cohort study to develop and validate a novel algorithm (2021)
Journal Article

Background: Diagnosis of prostate cancer at an early stage can potentially identify tumours when intervention may improve treatment options and survival. Aim: To develop and validate an equation to predict absolute risk of prostate cancer in asymp... Read More about Predicting the risk of prostate cancer in asymptomatic men: a cohort study to develop and validate a novel algorithm.

Association between pre-existing respiratory disease and its treatments and severe COVID-19: population cohort study (2021)
Journal Article

Background: The aim was to assess whether chronic lung disease or use of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) affect the risk of contracting severe COVID-19. Methods: English general practice records from the QResearch database were linked to Public Hea... Read More about Association between pre-existing respiratory disease and its treatments and severe COVID-19: population cohort study.

Hormone replacement therapy in women with cancer and risk of cancer-specific mortality and cardiovascular disease: A protocol for a cohort study from Scotland and Wales (2021)
Journal Article

Background: Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is widely used and has proven benefits for women with menopausal symptoms. An increasing number of women with cancer experience menopausal symptoms but the safety of HRT use in women with cancer is uncl... Read More about Hormone replacement therapy in women with cancer and risk of cancer-specific mortality and cardiovascular disease: A protocol for a cohort study from Scotland and Wales.

Temporal relationship between osteoarthritis and comorbidities: a combined case control and cohort study in the UK primary care setting (2021)
Journal Article

OBJECTIVE: To determine the burden of comorbidities in OA and their temporal relationships in the UK. METHODS: The Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) GOLD was used to identify people with incident OA and age, gender and practice matched n... Read More about Temporal relationship between osteoarthritis and comorbidities: a combined case control and cohort study in the UK primary care setting.

PROTOCOL: A cohort study examining the association between mirtazapine and mortality risk in adults with a diagnosis of depression (2021)
Working Paper

This protocol describes a cohort study comparing the risks of mortality and serious self-harm (suicide or near-fatal deliberate self-harm) between adults with depression prescribed mirtazapine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), amitrip... Read More about PROTOCOL: A cohort study examining the association between mirtazapine and mortality risk in adults with a diagnosis of depression.

‘Real world’ effectiveness of the Falls Management Exercise (FaME) programme: an implementation study (2021)
Journal Article

Background Falls incidence increases with age alongside declines in strength and balance. Clinical trials show that the Falls Management Exercise (FaME) programme improves strength and balance, which can reduce falls and improve physical functioning... Read More about ‘Real world’ effectiveness of the Falls Management Exercise (FaME) programme: an implementation study.

Prostate-specific antigen testing and opportunistic prostate cancer screening: a cohort study in England, 1998–2017 (2021)
Journal Article

Background: Prostate cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related death. Interpretation of results from trials of screening with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) are complex in terms of defining optimal prostate cancer screening policy. Aims: Assess... Read More about Prostate-specific antigen testing and opportunistic prostate cancer screening: a cohort study in England, 1998–2017.

Experiences of the COVID-19 pandemic: cross-sectional analysis of risk perceptions and mental health in a student cohort (2020)
Working Paper

Objective: This study examined the COVID-19 risk perceptions and mental health of university students on returning to campus in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: An online survey was completed during the first four weeks of the academic... Read More about Experiences of the COVID-19 pandemic: cross-sectional analysis of risk perceptions and mental health in a student cohort.

Development and validation of a novel algorithm to estimate risk of developing prostate cancer in asymptomatic men: a cohort study (2020)
Journal Article

Abstract Objective: To develop and validate a risk prediction equation to predict absolute risk of prostate cancer in asymptomatic men with prostate specific antigen (PSA) tests in primary care. Design: Open cohort study. Setting: Routine data from 1... Read More about Development and validation of a novel algorithm to estimate risk of developing prostate cancer in asymptomatic men: a cohort study.

Use of hormone replacement therapy and risk of breast cancer: nested case-control studies using the QResearch and CPRD databases (2020)
Journal Article

Objective: To assess breast cancer risks associated with different types and durations of hormone replacement therapy Design: Two nested case-control studies Setting: UK general practices contributing to QResearch or Clinical Practice Research... Read More about Use of hormone replacement therapy and risk of breast cancer: nested case-control studies using the QResearch and CPRD databases.

Living risk prediction algorithm (QCOVID) for risk of hospital admission and mortality from coronavirus 19 in adults: national derivation and validation cohort study (2020)
Journal Article

Objective: To derive and validate a risk prediction algorithm to estimate hospital admission and mortality outcomes from coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) in adults. Design: Population based cohort study. Setting and participants: QResearch d... Read More about Living risk prediction algorithm (QCOVID) for risk of hospital admission and mortality from coronavirus 19 in adults: national derivation and validation cohort study.

Evaluation of the effectiveness, implementation and cost-effectiveness of the Stay One Step Ahead home safety promotion intervention for pre-school children: a study protocol (2020)
Journal Article

Background: Unintentional injuries in children under the age of 5 years commonly occur in the home and disproportionately affect those living in disadvantaged circumstances. Targeted home safety promotion should be offered to families most at risk bu... Read More about Evaluation of the effectiveness, implementation and cost-effectiveness of the Stay One Step Ahead home safety promotion intervention for pre-school children: a study protocol.

Mental health in the UK during the COVID-19 pandemic: cross-sectional analyses from a community cohort study (2020)
Journal Article

Objectives: Previous pandemics have resulted in significant consequences for mental health. Here, we report the mental health sequelae of the COVID-19 pandemic in a UK cohort and examine modifiable and non-modifiable explanatory factors associated wi... Read More about Mental health in the UK during the COVID-19 pandemic: cross-sectional analyses from a community cohort study.

Risk of severe COVID-19 disease with ACE inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers: cohort study including 8.3 million people (2020)
Journal Article

Background: There is uncertainty about the associations of angiotensive enzyme (ACE) inhibitor and angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) drugs with COVID-19 disease. We studied whether patients prescribed these drugs had altered risks of contracting sev... Read More about Risk of severe COVID-19 disease with ACE inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers: cohort study including 8.3 million people.

Incidence and prevalence of primary care antidepressant prescribing in children and young people in England, 1998-2017: A population-based cohort study (2020)
Journal Article

BACKGROUND: The use of antidepressants in children and adolescents remains controversial. We examined trends over time and variation in antidepressant prescribing in children and young people in England and whether the drugs prescribed reflected UK l... Read More about Incidence and prevalence of primary care antidepressant prescribing in children and young people in England, 1998-2017: A population-based cohort study.

Real-world effect of antidepressants for depressive disorder in primary care: protocol of a population-based cohort study (2020)
Journal Article

Introduction: Clinical guidelines recommend antidepressants as the first line of treatment for adults with moderate-to-severe depression. Randomised trials provide the best evidence on the comparative effectiveness of antidepressants for depression,... Read More about Real-world effect of antidepressants for depressive disorder in primary care: protocol of a population-based cohort study.

Secondary care specialist visits made by children and young people prescribed antidepressants in primary care: A descriptive study using the QResearch database (2020)
Journal Article

© 2020 The Author(s). Background: Antidepressants may be used to manage a number of conditions in children and young people including depression, anxiety, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. UK guidelines for the treatment of depression in children an... Read More about Secondary care specialist visits made by children and young people prescribed antidepressants in primary care: A descriptive study using the QResearch database.

Trends in incidence and prevalence of osteoarthritis in the United Kingdom: findings from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) (2020)
Journal Article

© 2020 The Authors Objective: This study aimed to explore the incidence and prevalence of OA in the UK in 2017 and their trends from 1997 to 2017 using a large nationally representative primary care database. Design: The UK Clinical Practice Research... Read More about Trends in incidence and prevalence of osteoarthritis in the United Kingdom: findings from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD).

Protocol to assess risk of breast cancer associated with use of hormone replacement therapy in real world settings: two nested case-control studies in primary care. (2019)
Other

Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is used to help women suffering from menopausal symptoms and reduce risk of osteoporosis. Although effective, the therapy may lead to an increased risk of breast cancer. Previous studies have not been powerful enou... Read More about Protocol to assess risk of breast cancer associated with use of hormone replacement therapy in real world settings: two nested case-control studies in primary care..

Trends in antidepressant prescriptions in children and young people in England, 1998-2017: protocol of a cohort study using linked primary care and secondary care datasets (2019)
Journal Article

Introduction Increasing numbers of children and young people (CYP) are receiving prescriptions for antidepressants. This is the protocol of a study aiming to describe the trends and variation in antidepressant prescriptions in CYP in England, and t... Read More about Trends in antidepressant prescriptions in children and young people in England, 1998-2017: protocol of a cohort study using linked primary care and secondary care datasets.

Use of hormone replacement therapy and risk of venous thromboembolism: nested case-control studies using the QResearch and CPRD databases (2019)
Journal Article

Objectives: To assess risk of venous thromboembolism associated with different types of hormone replacement therapy. Design: Two nested case-control studies. Setting: UK general practices contributing to QResearch or Clinical Practice Research... Read More about Use of hormone replacement therapy and risk of venous thromboembolism: nested case-control studies using the QResearch and CPRD databases.

Risks and benefits of direct oral anticoagulants versus warfarin in a real world setting: cohort study in primary care (2018)
Journal Article

Objective: To investigate the associations between direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) and risks of bleeding, ischaemic stroke, venous thromboembolism, and all cause mortality compared with warfarin. Design: Prospective open cohort study. Settin... Read More about Risks and benefits of direct oral anticoagulants versus warfarin in a real world setting: cohort study in primary care.

Early risk factors for depression, anxiety and post-traumatic distress after hospital admission for unintentional injury: multicentre cohort study (2018)
Journal Article

Objective: To quantify psychological morbidity and identify baseline factors associated with depression, anxiety and post-traumatic distress symptoms up to 12 months post-injury. Methods: Multicentre cohort study of 668 adults, aged 16 to 70,... Read More about Early risk factors for depression, anxiety and post-traumatic distress after hospital admission for unintentional injury: multicentre cohort study.

Risk of bleeding with direct oral anticoagulants versus warfarin: cohort studies using primary care datasets (2018)
Journal Article

Background: There is limited evidence on the safety of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) in real world settings. Aim: To investigate risks of bleeding and all-cause mortality in DOACs compared to warfarin. Method: Prospective cohorts of incide... Read More about Risk of bleeding with direct oral anticoagulants versus warfarin: cohort studies using primary care datasets.

Antidepressant use and risk of adverse outcomes in people aged 20–64 years: cohort study using a primary care database (2018)
Journal Article

© 2018 The Author(s). Background: Antidepressants are one of the most commonly prescribed medications in young and middle-aged adults, but there is relatively little information on their safety across a range of adverse outcomes in this age group. Th... Read More about Antidepressant use and risk of adverse outcomes in people aged 20–64 years: cohort study using a primary care database.

Development and validation of QDiabetes-2018 risk prediction algorithm to estimate future risk of type 2 diabetes: cohort study (2017)
Journal Article

Objectives: To derive and validate updated QDiabetes-2018 prediction algorithms to estimate the 10 year risk of type 2 diabetes in men and women, taking account of potential new risk factors, and to compare their performance with current approaches.... Read More about Development and validation of QDiabetes-2018 risk prediction algorithm to estimate future risk of type 2 diabetes: cohort study.

Development and validation of QMortality risk prediction algorithm to estimate short term risk of death and assess frailty: cohort study (2017)
Journal Article

Objectives: To derive and validate a risk prediction equation to estimate the short term risk of death, and to develop a classification method for frailty based on risk of death and risk of unplanned hospital admission. Design: Prospective open... Read More about Development and validation of QMortality risk prediction algorithm to estimate short term risk of death and assess frailty: cohort study.

Keeping children safe: a multicentre programme of research to increase the evidence base for preventing unintentional injuries in the home in the under-fives (2017)
Journal Article

Background: Unintentional injuries among 0- to 4-year-olds are a major public health problem incurring substantial NHS, individual and societal costs. However, evidence on the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of preventative interventions is lack... Read More about Keeping children safe: a multicentre programme of research to increase the evidence base for preventing unintentional injuries in the home in the under-fives.

Development and validation of risk prediction equations to estimate survival in patients with colorectal cancer: cohort study (2017)
Journal Article

Objective: To develop and externally validate risk prediction equations to estimate absolute and conditional survival in patients with colorectal cancer. Design: Cohort study. Setting: General practices in England providing data for the QResea... Read More about Development and validation of risk prediction equations to estimate survival in patients with colorectal cancer: cohort study.

Development and validation of QRISK3 risk prediction algorithms to estimate future risk of cardiovascular disease: prospective cohort study (2017)
Journal Article

Objectives: To develop and validate updated QRISK3 prediction algorithms to estimate the 10 year risk of cardiovascular disease in women and men accounting for potential new risk factors. Design: Prospective open cohort study. Setting: General... Read More about Development and validation of QRISK3 risk prediction algorithms to estimate future risk of cardiovascular disease: prospective cohort study.

Evaluating implementation of a fire-prevention injury prevention briefing in children's centres: cluster randomised controlled trial (2017)
Journal Article

Background: Many developed countries have high mortality rates for fire-related deaths in children aged 0–14 years with steep social gradients. Evidence-based interventions to promote fire safety practices exist, but the impact of implementing a rang... Read More about Evaluating implementation of a fire-prevention injury prevention briefing in children's centres: cluster randomised controlled trial.

Use of conspicuity aids by cyclists and risk of crashes involving other road users: population based case-control study (2017)
Journal Article

Background: Cycling can improve health and well-being by reducing inactivity. Concern about collision crashes may be a barrier to participation since collision crashes can lead to significant mortality and morbidity. The conspicuity of cyclists may b... Read More about Use of conspicuity aids by cyclists and risk of crashes involving other road users: population based case-control study.

Poison prevention practices and medically attended poisoning in young children: multicentre case-control study (2016)
Journal Article

Introduction Childhood poisonings are common, placing a substantial burden on health services. Case-control studies have found inconsistent evidence about modifiable risk factors for poisonings amongst 0-4 year olds. This study quantifies associat... Read More about Poison prevention practices and medically attended poisoning in young children: multicentre case-control study.

Modifiable risk factors for scald injury in children under 5 years of age: a multi-centre case–control study (2016)
Journal Article

Objective: To determine the relationship between a range of modifiable risk factors and medically attended scalds in children under the age of 5 years. Methods: Multicentre matched case-control study in acute hospitals, minor injury units and GP pr... Read More about Modifiable risk factors for scald injury in children under 5 years of age: a multi-centre case–control study.

Diabetes treatments and risk of heart failure, cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality: cohort study in primary care (2016)
Journal Article

Objective: To assess associations between risks of cardiovascular disease, heart failure, and all cause mortality and different diabetes drugs in people with type 2 diabetes, particularly newer agents, including gliptins and thiazolidinediones (glita... Read More about Diabetes treatments and risk of heart failure, cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality: cohort study in primary care.

Discontinuation and restarting in patients on statin therapy: a cohort study using a primary care database (2016)
Journal Article

Objectives: To estimate rates of discontinuation and restarting of statins, and to identify patient characteristics associated with either discontinuation or restarting. Design: Prospective open cohort study. Setting: 664 general practices con... Read More about Discontinuation and restarting in patients on statin therapy: a cohort study using a primary care database.

Diabetes treatments and risk of amputation, blindness, severe kidney failure, hyperglycaemia, and hypoglycaemia: open cohort study in primary care (2016)
Journal Article

Objective: To assess the risks of amputation, blindness, severe kidney failure, hyperglycaemia, and hypoglycaemia in patients with type 2 diabetes associated with prescribed diabetes drugs, particularly newer agents including gliptins or glitazones (... Read More about Diabetes treatments and risk of amputation, blindness, severe kidney failure, hyperglycaemia, and hypoglycaemia: open cohort study in primary care.

Antidepressant use and risk of cardiovascular outcomes in people aged 20 to 64: Cohort study using primary care database (2016)
Journal Article

© BMJ Publishing Group Ltd 2016. Objective To assess associations between different antidepressant treatments and rates of three cardiovascular outcomes (myocardial infarction, stroke or transient ischaemic attack, and arrhythmia) in people with depr... Read More about Antidepressant use and risk of cardiovascular outcomes in people aged 20 to 64: Cohort study using primary care database.

Missed opportunities to keep children safe? National survey of injury prevention activities of children’s centres (2016)
Journal Article

Objective: To ascertain the activities undertaken by children’s centres to prevent unintentional injuries in the under-fives and, in particular, the prevention of falls, poisoning and scalds. Design: A questionnaire was posted to managers of 851 chi... Read More about Missed opportunities to keep children safe? National survey of injury prevention activities of children’s centres.

Antidepressant use and risk of epilepsy and seizures in people aged 20 to 64 years: cohort study using a primary care database (2015)
Journal Article

Background: Epilepsy is a serious condition which can profoundly affect an individual’s life. While there is some evidence to suggest an association between antidepressant use and epilepsy and seizures it is conflicting and not conclusive. Antidepres... Read More about Antidepressant use and risk of epilepsy and seizures in people aged 20 to 64 years: cohort study using a primary care database.

Development and validation of risk prediction equations to estimate future risk of blindness and lower limb amputation in patients with diabetes: cohort study (2015)
Journal Article

Study question: Is it possible to develop and externally validate risk prediction equations to estimate the 10 year risk of blindness and lower limb amputation in patients with diabetes aged 25-84 years? Methods: This was a prospective cohort stud... Read More about Development and validation of risk prediction equations to estimate future risk of blindness and lower limb amputation in patients with diabetes: cohort study.

Development and validation of risk prediction equations to estimate future risk of heart failure in patients with diabetes: a prospective cohort study (2015)
Journal Article

Objective: To develop and externally validate risk prediction equations to estimate the 10-year risk of heart failure in patients with diabetes, aged 25–84 years. Design: Cohort study using routinely collected data from general practices in Englan... Read More about Development and validation of risk prediction equations to estimate future risk of heart failure in patients with diabetes: a prospective cohort study.

Development and validation of risk prediction algorithms to estimate future risk of common cancers in men and women: prospective cohort study (2015)
Journal Article

Objective: To derive and validate a set of clinical risk prediction algorithm to estimate the 10-year risk of 11 common cancers. Design: Prospective open cohort study using routinely collected data from 753 QResearch general practices in England.... Read More about Development and validation of risk prediction algorithms to estimate future risk of common cancers in men and women: prospective cohort study.

Antidepressant use and risk of suicide and attempted suicide or self harm in people aged 20 to 64: cohort study using a primary care database (2015)
Journal Article

© BMJ Publishing Group Ltd 2015. Objective To assess the associations between different antidepressant treatments and the rates of suicide and attempted suicide or self harm in people with depression. Design Cohort study. Setting Patients registered... Read More about Antidepressant use and risk of suicide and attempted suicide or self harm in people aged 20 to 64: cohort study using a primary care database.

Predicting risk of upper gastrointestinal bleed and intracranial bleed with anticoagulants: cohort study to derive and validate the QBleed scores (2014)
Journal Article

Objective: To develop and validate risk algorithms (QBleed) for estimating the absolute risk of upper gastrointestinal and intracranial bleed for patients with and without anticoagulation aged 21-99 years in primary care. Design: Open cohort study... Read More about Predicting risk of upper gastrointestinal bleed and intracranial bleed with anticoagulants: cohort study to derive and validate the QBleed scores.

Exposure to bisphosphonates and risk of common non-gastrointestinal cancers: series of nested case–control studies using two primary-care databases (2013)
Journal Article

Background: Bisphosphonates are the most commonly prescribed osteoporosis drugs but long-term effects are unclear, although antitumour properties are known from preclinical studies. Methods: Nested case–control studies were conducted to investigate... Read More about Exposure to bisphosphonates and risk of common non-gastrointestinal cancers: series of nested case–control studies using two primary-care databases.

Safety of antidepressants in adults aged under 65: protocol for a cohort study using a large primary care database (2013)
Journal Article

Background: Antidepressants are among the most commonly prescribed drugs in primary care in England and their use is increasing. This is largely due to longer durations of treatment of depression. Observational studies have shown some differences in... Read More about Safety of antidepressants in adults aged under 65: protocol for a cohort study using a large primary care database.

Exposure to bisphosphonates and risk of cancer: a protocol for nested caseecontrol studies using the QResearch primary care database (2012)
Journal Article

Introduction: Bisphosphonates are becoming a common treatment for osteoporosis particularly after discovery of the association between hormone replacement therapy and increased risk of breast cancer. As osteoporosis develops with age, treatment... Read More about Exposure to bisphosphonates and risk of cancer: a protocol for nested caseecontrol studies using the QResearch primary care database.

General practice characteristics associated with rates of testing and detection of hepatitis C: Cross-sectional study in Nottingham and Derbyshire (2006)
Journal Article

The aim of this study was to determine general practice characteristics associated with testing rates for hepatitis C virus (HCV) and the proportion of tests with a positive result. The study included all patients tested for HCV from all general prac... Read More about General practice characteristics associated with rates of testing and detection of hepatitis C: Cross-sectional study in Nottingham and Derbyshire.

Multifactorial day hospital intervention to reduce falls in high risk older people in primary care: a multi-centre randomised controlled trial [ISRCTN46584556] (2006)
Journal Article

Falls in older people are a major public health concern in terms of morbidity, mortality and cost. Previous studies suggest that multifactorial interventions can reduce falls, and many geriatric day hospitals are now offering falls intervention progr... Read More about Multifactorial day hospital intervention to reduce falls in high risk older people in primary care: a multi-centre randomised controlled trial [ISRCTN46584556].

Protocol for the development and validation of risk prediction equations to estimate absolute and conditional survival in patients with cancer
Book

This is a protocol to describe the development and validation of a set of prediction equations to quantify absolute survival for patients with different types of cancers taking account of other clinical factors available through routine linkage of ca... Read More about Protocol for the development and validation of risk prediction equations to estimate absolute and conditional survival in patients with cancer.

Protocol to assess the effectiveness and safety of novel oral anticoagulants (NOAC) vs warfarin in real world settings: cohort study in primary care
Book

Anticoagulants are used to treat thrombosis and to prevent thrombosis and stroke among those at high risk. Older anticoagulants such as warfarin can be effective but require regular monitoring and may lead to major bleeding and even death. Newer anti... Read More about Protocol to assess the effectiveness and safety of novel oral anticoagulants (NOAC) vs warfarin in real world settings: cohort study in primary care.

Protocol to assess risk of venous thromboembolism associated with use of hormone replacement therapy in real world settings: two nested case-control studies in primary care
Other

Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is used to help women suffering from menopausal symptoms. Although effective, the therapy may have a rare but serious side effect – an increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Previous studies have not been... Read More about Protocol to assess risk of venous thromboembolism associated with use of hormone replacement therapy in real world settings: two nested case-control studies in primary care.