Outputs (41)

Assessing the reliability of web-based measurements of visual function (2023)
Journal Article
Leadbeater, R. J., McGraw, P., & Ledgeway, T. (2024). Assessing the reliability of web-based measurements of visual function. Behavior Research Methods, 56, 406-416. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-022-02057-2

Many behavioural phenomena have been replicated using web-based experiments, but evaluation of the agreement between objective measures of web- and lab-based performance is required if scientists and clinicians are to reap the benefits of web-based t... Read More about Assessing the reliability of web-based measurements of visual function.

The effects of simulated hemianopia on eye movements during text reading (2022)
Journal Article
Beh, A., McGraw, P. V., & Schluppeck, D. (2023). The effects of simulated hemianopia on eye movements during text reading. Vision Research, 204, Article 108163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2022.108163

Vision loss is a common, devastating complication of cerebral strokes. In some cases the complete contra-lesional visual field is affected, leading to problems with routine tasks and, notably, the ability to read. Although visual information crucial... Read More about The effects of simulated hemianopia on eye movements during text reading.

The spatial properties of adaptation-induced distance compression (2022)
Journal Article
Jovanovic, L., McGraw, P. V., Roach, N. W., & Johnston, A. (2022). The spatial properties of adaptation-induced distance compression. Journal of Vision, 22(11), Article 7. https://doi.org/10.1167/jov.22.11.7

Exposure to a dynamic texture reduces the perceived separation between objects, altering the mapping between physical relations in the environment and their neural representations. Here we investigated the spatial tuning and spatial frame of referenc... Read More about The spatial properties of adaptation-induced distance compression.

Linking Multi-Modal MRI to Clinical Measures of Visual Field Loss After Stroke (2022)
Journal Article
Beh, A., McGraw, P. V., Webb, B. S., & Schluppeck, D. (2022). Linking Multi-Modal MRI to Clinical Measures of Visual Field Loss After Stroke. Frontiers in Neuroscience,

Loss of vision across large parts of the visual field is a common and devastating complication of cerebral strokes. In the clinic, this loss is quantified by measuring the sensitivity threshold across the field of vision using static perimetry. These... Read More about Linking Multi-Modal MRI to Clinical Measures of Visual Field Loss After Stroke.

Gaze correlates of view preference: Comparing natural and urban scenes (2021)
Journal Article
Batool, A., Rutherford, P., McGraw, P., Ledgeway, T., & Altomonte, S. (2022). Gaze correlates of view preference: Comparing natural and urban scenes. Lighting Research and Technology, 54(6), 576-594. https://doi.org/10.1177/14771535211055703

When looking out of a window, natural views are usually associated with restorative qualities and are given a higher preference than urban scenes. Previous research has shown that gaze behaviour might differ based on the natural or urban content of v... Read More about Gaze correlates of view preference: Comparing natural and urban scenes.

Attentional eye selection modulates sensory eye dominance (2021)
Journal Article
Wang, M., McGraw, P., & Ledgeway, T. (2021). Attentional eye selection modulates sensory eye dominance. Vision Research, 188, 10-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2021.06.006

Brief periods of monocular deprivation significantly modify binocular visual processing. For example, patching one eye for a few hours alters the inter-ocular balance, with the previously patched eye becoming dominant once the patch is removed (Lungh... Read More about Attentional eye selection modulates sensory eye dominance.

Learning to silence saccadic suppression (2021)
Journal Article
Scholes, C., McGraw, P. V., & Roach, N. W. (2021). Learning to silence saccadic suppression. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 118(6), Article e2012937118. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2012937118

Perceptual stability is facilitated by a decrease in visual sensitivity during rapid eye movements, called saccadic suppression. While a large body of evidence demonstrates that saccadic programming is plastic, little is known about whether the perce... Read More about Learning to silence saccadic suppression.

Window Views: Difference of Perception during the COVID-19 Lockdown (2021)
Journal Article
Batool, A., Rutherford, P., McGraw, P., Ledgeway, T., & Altomonte, S. (2021). Window Views: Difference of Perception during the COVID-19 Lockdown. LEUKOS, 17(4), 380-390. https://doi.org/10.1080/15502724.2020.1854780

The provision of daylight, fresh air, and of a view outdoors are among the known characteristics of windows. But how does the perception of a window differ when it becomes the primary way of connecting to the physical world outside? In the first half... Read More about Window Views: Difference of Perception during the COVID-19 Lockdown.

View preference in urban environments (2020)
Journal Article
Batool, A., Rutherford, P., McGraw, P., Ledgeway, T., & Altomonte, S. (2021). View preference in urban environments. Lighting Research and Technology, 53(7), 613-636. https://doi.org/10.1177/1477153520981572

With people spending up to 90% of their time in indoor spaces, windows and the visual connection that they afford to the outside, can play an important role in ensuring physical and psychological well-being. This is particularly relevant in urban set... Read More about View preference in urban environments.

The Effect of Perceptual Learning on Face Recognition in Individuals with Central Vision Loss (2020)
Journal Article
Haris, E. M., McGraw, P., Webb, B. S., Chung, S. T. L., & Astle, A. T. (2020). The Effect of Perceptual Learning on Face Recognition in Individuals with Central Vision Loss. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 61(2), https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.61.8.2

Purpose: To examine whether perceptual learning could improve face discrimination and recognition in older adults with central vision loss. Methods: Ten participants with age-related macular degeneration (ARMD) received 5 days of training on a face d... Read More about The Effect of Perceptual Learning on Face Recognition in Individuals with Central Vision Loss.

Does physical exercise and congruent visual stimulation enhance perceptual learning? (2020)
Journal Article
Campana, G., Fongoni, L., Astle, A., & McGraw, P. V. (2020). Does physical exercise and congruent visual stimulation enhance perceptual learning?. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics, 40(5), 680-691. https://doi.org/10.1111/opo.12712

Purpose: There is currently great interest in methods that can modulate brain plasticity, both in terms of understanding the basic mechanisms and in the remedial application to situations of sensory loss. Recent work has focussed on how different man... Read More about Does physical exercise and congruent visual stimulation enhance perceptual learning?.

Short-term monocular deprivation reduces inter-ocular suppression of the deprived eye (2020)
Journal Article
Wang, M., McGraw, P., & Ledgeway, T. (2020). Short-term monocular deprivation reduces inter-ocular suppression of the deprived eye. Vision Research, 173, 29-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2020.05.001

The adult visual system was traditionally thought to be relatively hard-wired, but recent studies have challenged this view by demonstrating plasticity following brief periods of monocular deprivation (Lunghi, Burr, & Morrone, 2011; Lunghi, Burr, & M... Read More about Short-term monocular deprivation reduces inter-ocular suppression of the deprived eye.

Individual variation in inter-ocular suppression and sensory eye dominance (2019)
Journal Article
Wang, M., McGraw, P., & Ledgeway, T. (2019). Individual variation in inter-ocular suppression and sensory eye dominance. Vision Research, 163, 33-41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2019.07.004

The competitive and inhibitory interactions between the two eyes’ images are a pervasive aspect of binocular vision. Over the last decade, our understanding of the neural processes underpinning binocular rivalry (BR) and continuous flash suppression... Read More about Individual variation in inter-ocular suppression and sensory eye dominance.

Orientation tuning and contrast dependence of continuous flash suppression in amblyopia and normal vision (2018)
Journal Article
Gao, T. Y., Ledgeway, T., Lie, A. L., Anstice, N., Black, J., McGraw, P. V., & Thompson, B. (2018). Orientation tuning and contrast dependence of continuous flash suppression in amblyopia and normal vision. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 59(13), 5462-5472. https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.18-23954

Purpose: Suppression in amblyopia may be an unequal form of normal interocular suppression or a distinct pathophysiology. To explore this issue, we examined the orientation tuning and contrast dependence of continuous flash suppression (CFS) in adult... Read More about Orientation tuning and contrast dependence of continuous flash suppression in amblyopia and normal vision.

Estimation of contrast sensitivity from fixational eye movements (2018)
Journal Article
Denniss, J., Scholes, C., McGraw, P. V., Nam, S., & Roach, N. W. (2018). Estimation of contrast sensitivity from fixational eye movements. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 59(13), 5408-5416. https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.18-24674

Purpose: Even during steady fixation, people make small eye movements such as microsaccades, whose rate is altered by presentation of salient stimuli. Our goal was to develop a practical method for objectively and robustly estimating contrast sensiti... Read More about Estimation of contrast sensitivity from fixational eye movements.

Selective modulation of visual sensitivity during fixation (2018)
Journal Article
Scholes, C. D., McGraw, P. V., & Roach, N. W. (in press). Selective modulation of visual sensitivity during fixation. Journal of Neurophysiology, 119(6), https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.00819.2017

During periods of steady fixation, we make small amplitude ocular movements, termed microsaccades, at a rate of 1-2 every second. Early studies provided evidence that visual sensitivity is reduced during microsaccades - akin to the well-established s... Read More about Selective modulation of visual sensitivity during fixation.

Position matching between the visual fields in strabismus (2018)
Journal Article
Hussain, Z., Astle, A. T., Webb, B. S., & McGraw, P. V. (2018). Position matching between the visual fields in strabismus. Journal of Vision, 18(1), https://doi.org/10.1167/18.1.9

The misalignment of visual input in strabismus disrupts positional judgments.We measured positional accuracy in the extrafoveal visual field (18–78 eccentricity) of a large group of strabismic subjects and a normal control group to identify positiona... Read More about Position matching between the visual fields in strabismus.

Rate after-effects fail to transfer cross-modally: evidence for distributed sensory timing mechanisms (2018)
Journal Article
Motola, A., Heron, J., McGraw, P. V., Roach, N. W., & Whitaker, D. (2018). Rate after-effects fail to transfer cross-modally: evidence for distributed sensory timing mechanisms. Scientific Reports, 8, Article 924. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-19218-z

Accurate time perception is critical for a number of human behaviours, such as understanding speech and the appreciation of music. However, it remains unresolved whether sensory time perception is mediated by a central timing component regulating all... Read More about Rate after-effects fail to transfer cross-modally: evidence for distributed sensory timing mechanisms.

Generalization of prior information for rapid Bayesian time estimation (2016)
Journal Article
Roach, N. W., McGraw, P. V., Whitaker, D., & Heron, J. (2017). Generalization of prior information for rapid Bayesian time estimation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 114(2), 412-417. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1610706114

To enable effective interaction with the environment, the brain combines noisy sensory information with expectations based on prior experience. There is ample evidence showing that humans can learn statistical regularities in sensory input and exploi... Read More about Generalization of prior information for rapid Bayesian time estimation.

Amblyopia: past, present and future (2016)
Journal Article
Astle, A. T., & McGraw, P. V. (2016). Amblyopia: past, present and future. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics, 36(6), 611-614. https://doi.org/10.1111/opo.12337

The consequences of strabismus and the benefits of adult strabismus surgery (2016)
Journal Article
Astle, A. T., Foulsham, T., & McGraw, P. V. (2016). The consequences of strabismus and the benefits of adult strabismus surgery. Optometry in Practice, 17(3),

Strabismus has a negative impact on patients’ lives regardless of their age. Factors such as self-esteem, relationships with others, education and the ability to find employment may all be negatively affected by strabismus. It is possible to correct... Read More about The consequences of strabismus and the benefits of adult strabismus surgery.

Object size determines the spatial spread of visual time (2016)
Journal Article
Fulcher, C., McGraw, P. V., Roach, N. W., Whitaker, D., & Heron, J. (2016). Object size determines the spatial spread of visual time. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 283(1835), Article 20161024. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2016.1024

A key question for temporal processing research is how the nervous system extracts event duration, despite a notable lack of neural structures dedicated to duration encoding. This is in stark contrast to the orderly arrangement of neurons tasked with... Read More about Object size determines the spatial spread of visual time.

Is the frequency of adult strabismus surgery increasing? (2016)
Journal Article
Astle, A. T., Foulsham, T., Foss, A. J., & McGraw, P. V. (in press). Is the frequency of adult strabismus surgery increasing?. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics, 36(4), https://doi.org/10.1111/opo.12306

Purpose In recent years there has been an increase in evidence for the functional and psychosocial benefits of correcting strabismus/heterotropia in adults. This study aimed to establish whether there has been an associated change in the frequency o... Read More about Is the frequency of adult strabismus surgery increasing?.

Do perceptual biases emerge early or late in visual processing? Decision-biases in motion perception (2016)
Journal Article
Zamboni, E., Ledgeway, T., McGraw, P. V., & Schluppeck, D. (2016). Do perceptual biases emerge early or late in visual processing? Decision-biases in motion perception. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 283(1833), Article 20160263. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2016.0263

Visual perception is strongly influenced by contextual information. A good example is reference repulsion, where subjective reports about the direction of motion of a stimulus are significantly biased by the presence of an explicit reference. These p... Read More about Do perceptual biases emerge early or late in visual processing? Decision-biases in motion perception.

Cue Combination of Conflicting Color and Luminance Edges (2015)
Journal Article
McGraw, P., Sharman, R. J., & Peirce, J. (2015). Cue Combination of Conflicting Color and Luminance Edges. i-Perception, 6(6), https://doi.org/10.1177/2041669515621215

Abrupt changes in the color or luminance of a visual image potentially indicate object boundaries. Here, we consider how these cues to the visual “edge” location are combined when they conflict. We measured the extent to which localization of a compo... Read More about Cue Combination of Conflicting Color and Luminance Edges.

Age-related changes in auditory and visual interactions in temporal rate perception (2015)
Journal Article
Brooks, C., Anderson, A., Roach, N. W., McGraw, P. V., & McKendrick, A. M. (2015). Age-related changes in auditory and visual interactions in temporal rate perception. Journal of Vision, 15(16), doi:10.1167/15.16.2

We investigated how aging affects the integration of temporal rate for auditory flutter (amplitude modulation) presented with visual flicker. Since older adults were poorer at detecting auditory amplitude modulation, modulation depth was individually... Read More about Age-related changes in auditory and visual interactions in temporal rate perception.

The effect of normal aging and age-related macular degeneration on perceptual learning (2015)
Journal Article
Blighe, A. J., Astle, A. T., Webb, B. S., & McGraw, P. V. (2015). The effect of normal aging and age-related macular degeneration on perceptual learning. Journal of Vision, 15(10), 16. https://doi.org/10.1167/15.10.16

We investigated whether perceptual learning could be used to improve peripheral word identification speed. The relationship between the magnitude of learning and age was established in normal participants to determine whether perceptual learning effe... Read More about The effect of normal aging and age-related macular degeneration on perceptual learning.

Fixational eye movements predict visual sensitivity (2015)
Journal Article
Scholes, C., McGraw, P. V., Nyström, M., & Roach, N. W. (2015). Fixational eye movements predict visual sensitivity. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 282(1817), Article 20151568. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2015.1568

© 2015 The Author(s) Published by the Royal Society. All rights reserved. During steady fixation, observers make small fixational saccades at a rate of around 1–2 per second. Presentation of a visual stimulus triggers a biphasic modulation in fixatio... Read More about Fixational eye movements predict visual sensitivity.

Estimation of cortical magnification from positional error in normally sighted and amblyopic subjects (2015)
Journal Article
Hussain, Z., Svensson, C., Besle, J., Webb, B. S., Barrett, B. T., & McGraw, P. (2015). Estimation of cortical magnification from positional error in normally sighted and amblyopic subjects. Journal of Vision, 15(2), doi:10.1167/15.2.25

We describe a method for deriving the linear cortical magnification factor from positional error across the visual field. We compared magnification obtained from this method between normally sighted individuals and amblyopic individuals, who receive... Read More about Estimation of cortical magnification from positional error in normally sighted and amblyopic subjects.

Characterizing the role of disparity information in alleviating visual crowding (2014)
Journal Article
Astle, A. T., McGovern, D. P., & McGraw, P. V. (2014). Characterizing the role of disparity information in alleviating visual crowding. Journal of Vision, 14(6), Article 8. https://doi.org/10.1167/14.6.8

The ability to identify a target is reduced by the presence of nearby objects, a phenomenon known as visual crowding. The extent to which crowding impairs our perception is generally governed by the degree of similarity between a target stimulus and... Read More about Characterizing the role of disparity information in alleviating visual crowding.

The challenges of developing a contrast-based video game for treatment of amblyopia (2014)
Journal Article
Hussain, Z., Astle, A. T., Webb, B. S., & McGraw, P. V. (2014). The challenges of developing a contrast-based video game for treatment of amblyopia. Frontiers in Psychology, 5(OCT), Article 1210. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01210

© 2014 Hussain, Astle, Webb and Mcgraw. Perceptual learning of visual tasks is emerging as a promising treatment for amblyopia, a developmental disorder of vision characterized by poor monocular visual acuity. The tasks tested thus far span the gamut... Read More about The challenges of developing a contrast-based video game for treatment of amblyopia.

The Effect of Aging on Crowded Letter Recognition in the Peripheral Visual Field (2014)
Journal Article
Astle, A. T., Blighe, A. J., Webb, B. S., & McGraw, P. V. (2014). The Effect of Aging on Crowded Letter Recognition in the Peripheral Visual Field. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 55(8), 5039-5045. https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.14-14181

Purpose.: Crowding describes the increased difficulty in identifying a target object when it is surrounded by nearby objects (flankers). A recent study investigated the effect of age on visual crowding and found equivocal results: Although crowded vi... Read More about The Effect of Aging on Crowded Letter Recognition in the Peripheral Visual Field.

The influence of spatial pattern on visual short-term memory for contrast (2014)
Journal Article
Xing, Y., Ledgeway, T., McGraw, P. V., & Schluppeck, D. (2014). The influence of spatial pattern on visual short-term memory for contrast. Attention, Perception, and Psychophysics, 76(7), https://doi.org/10.3758/s13414-014-0671-x

Several psychophysical studies of visual short-term memory (VSTM) have shown high-fidelity storage capacity for many properties of visual stimuli. On judgments of the spatial frequency of gratings, for example, discrimination performance does not dec... Read More about The influence of spatial pattern on visual short-term memory for contrast.

Decoding working memory of stimulus contrast in early visual cortex (2013)
Journal Article
Xing, Y., Ledgeway, T., McGraw, P. V., & Schluppeck, D. (2013). Decoding working memory of stimulus contrast in early visual cortex. Journal of Neuroscience, 33(25), https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3754-12.2013

Most studies of the early stages of visual analysis (V1-V3) have focused on the properties of neurons that support processing of elemental features of a visual stimulus or scene, such as local contrast, orientation, or direction of motion. Recent evi... Read More about Decoding working memory of stimulus contrast in early visual cortex.

Luminance cues constrain chromatic blur discrimination in natural scene stimuli (2013)
Journal Article
Sharman, R. J., McGraw, P. V., & Peirce, J. W. (2013). Luminance cues constrain chromatic blur discrimination in natural scene stimuli. Journal of Vision, 13(4), Article 14. https://doi.org/10.1167/13.4.14

Introducing blur into the color components of a natural scene has very little effect on its percept, whereas blur introduced into the luminance component is very noticeable. Here we quantify the dominance of luminance information in blur detection an... Read More about Luminance cues constrain chromatic blur discrimination in natural scene stimuli.

A Weber-like law for perceptual learning (2013)
Journal Article
Astle, A. T., Li, R. W., Webb, B. S., Levi, D. M., & McGraw, P. V. (2013). A Weber-like law for perceptual learning. Scientific Reports, 3, Article 1158. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep01158

What determines how much an organism can learn? One possibility is that the neural factors that limit sensory performance prior to learning, place an upper limit on the amount of learning that can take place. We tested this idea by comparing learning... Read More about A Weber-like law for perceptual learning.

The rapid emergence of stimulus specific perceptual learning (2012)
Journal Article
Hussain, Z., McGraw, P. V., Sekuler, A. B., & Bennett, P. J. (2012). The rapid emergence of stimulus specific perceptual learning. Frontiers in Psychology, 3(226), https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00226

Is stimulus specific perceptual learning the result of extended practice or does it emerge early in the time course of learning? We examined this issue by manipulating the amount of practice given on a face identification task on Day 1, and altering... Read More about The rapid emergence of stimulus specific perceptual learning.

Perceptual learning reduces crowding in amblyopia and in the normal periphery (2012)
Journal Article
Hussain, Z., Webb, B. S., Astle, A. T., & McGraw, P. V. (2012). Perceptual learning reduces crowding in amblyopia and in the normal periphery. Journal of Neuroscience, 32(2), https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3845-11.2012

Amblyopia is a developmental visual disorder of cortical origin, characterized by crowding and poor acuity in central vision of the affected eye. Crowding refers to the adverse effects of surrounding items on object identification, common only in nor... Read More about Perceptual learning reduces crowding in amblyopia and in the normal periphery.

Size-induced distortions in perceptual maps of visual space (2012)
Journal Article
McGraw, P. V., Roach, N. W., Badcock, D. R., & Whitaker, D. (2012). Size-induced distortions in perceptual maps of visual space. Journal of Vision, 12(4), https://doi.org/10.1167/12.4.8

In order to interact with our environment, the human brain constructs maps of visual space. The orderly mapping of external space across the retinal surface, termed retinotopy, is maintained at subsequent levels of visual cortical processing and unde... Read More about Size-induced distortions in perceptual maps of visual space.

Spatial frequency discrimination learning in normal and developmentally impaired human vision (2010)
Journal Article
Astle, A. T., Webb, B. S., & McGraw, P. V. (2010). Spatial frequency discrimination learning in normal and developmentally impaired human vision. Vision Research, 50(23), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2010.09.004

Perceptual learning effects demonstrate that the adult visual system retains neural plasticity. If perceptual learning holds any value as a treatment tool for amblyopia, trained improvements in performance must generalise. Here we investigate whether... Read More about Spatial frequency discrimination learning in normal and developmentally impaired human vision.

Centrifugal propagation of motion adaptation effects across visual space (2008)
Journal Article
McGraw, P. V., & Roach, N. W. (2008). Centrifugal propagation of motion adaptation effects across visual space. Journal of Vision, 8(11), Article 11. https://doi.org/10.1167/8.11.1

Perceptual distortions induced by adaptation (aftereffects) arise through selective changes in the response properties of discrete subpopulations of neurons tuned to particular image features at the adapted spatial location. The systematic and well-d... Read More about Centrifugal propagation of motion adaptation effects across visual space.