Room to breathe: Using adaptive architecture to examine the relationship between alexithymia and interoception

Abdulhamid, Haneen; Jäger, Nils; Schnädelbach, Holger; Smith, Alastair D.

Abstract

Objective: Individuals with alexithymia experience difficulties interpreting emotional states in self and others, which has been associated with interoceptive impairment. Current theories are primarily based on subjective and conscious measures of interoceptive sensitivity, such as heartrate detection, but it is unclear whether similar observations would be found for objective or implicit psychophysiological measures. The present exploratory study assesses the potential of a novel assay through the use of adaptive immersive architecture [ExoBuilding]. Methods: N =88 participants were screened for alexithymic traits and N =27 individuals, representing the range of scores, were sampled to participate in the behavioural task. In a repeated-measures design, participants were placed within ExoBuilding and asked to match their respiration to its movement. Performance was compared to a two-dimensional pacer condition. Behavioural (accuracy) and psychophysiological (Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia [RSA] and heartrate) measures were compared across conditions, and also related to individual alexithymic traits. Results: Participants with higher levels of alexithymia performed less accurately than participants with lower levels, in both conditions. High-alexithymia participants showed a smaller reduction in heartrate over the course of the ExoBuilding condition than low-alexithymia participants, although there were no differences in RSA be-tween conditions or participants. Conclusion: Alexithymia extends beyond conscious interoceptive activities and is also observed in immersive contexts that usually exert psychophysiological effects on typical occupants. These initial findings highlight the importance of considering both conscious and implicit measures of interoception, and we suggest ways in which theories of alexithymia might benefit from capturing this distinction.

Citation

Abdulhamid, H., Jäger, N., Schnädelbach, H., & Smith, A. D. (2022). Room to breathe: Using adaptive architecture to examine the relationship between alexithymia and interoception. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 153, Article 110708. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2021.110708

• Journal Article Type: Article
• Acceptance Date: Dec 16, 2021
• Online Publication Date: Dec 22, 2021
• Publication Date: Feb 1, 2022
• Deposit Date: Jan 4, 2022
• Publicly Available Date: Dec 23, 2022
• Journal: Journal of Psychosomatic Research
• Print ISSN: 0022-3999
• Electronic ISSN: 1879-1360
• Publisher: Elsevier BV
• Peer Reviewed: Peer Reviewed
• Volume: 153
• Article Number: 110708
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2021.110708
• Keywords: Psychiatry and Mental health; Clinical Psychology
• Public URL: https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/output/7164341
• Publisher URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0022399921003536?via%3Dihub
• Additional Information: This article is maintained by: Elsevier; Article Title: Room to breathe: Using adaptive architecture to examine the relationship between alexithymia and interoception; Journal Title: Journal of Psychosomatic Research; CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2021.110708; Content Type: article; Copyright: © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.