Outputs (113)

The significance of tumour microarchitectural features in breast cancer prognosis: a digital image analysis (2018)
Journal Article
Roxanis, I., Colling, R., Kartsonaki, C., Green, A., & Rakha, E. (2018). The significance of tumour microarchitectural features in breast cancer prognosis: a digital image analysis. Breast Cancer Research, 20(11), https://doi.org/10.1186/s13058-018-0934-x

BACKGROUND: As only a minor portion of the information present in histological sections is accessible by eye, recognition and quantification of complex patterns and relationships among constituents relies on digital image analysis. In this study, our... Read More about The significance of tumour microarchitectural features in breast cancer prognosis: a digital image analysis.

BQ323636.1, a novel splice variant to NCOR2, as a predictor for tamoxifen resistant breast cancer (2018)
Journal Article
Gong, C., Man, E. P., Tsoi, H., Lee, T. K., Paul, L., Mak, S.-T., Wong, L.-S., Luk, M.-Y., Rakha, E. A., Green, A. R., Ellis, I. O., Lam, E. W., Cheung, K.-L., & Khoo, U.-S. (2018). BQ323636.1, a novel splice variant to NCOR2, as a predictor for tamoxifen resistant breast cancer. Clinical Cancer Research, 24(15), 3681-3691. https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-17-2259

Purpose: Adjuvant tamoxifen treatment revolutionized the management of estrogen receptor (ER) positive breast cancers to prevent cancer recurrence; however drug resistance compromises its clinical efficacy. The mechanisms underlying tamoxifen resista... Read More about BQ323636.1, a novel splice variant to NCOR2, as a predictor for tamoxifen resistant breast cancer.

Targeting ataxia telangiectasia mutated and Rad3 related kinase (ATR) in PTEN deficient breast cancers for personalized therapy (2018)
Journal Article
Al-Subhi, N., Ali, R., Abdel-Fatah, T., Moseley, P. M., Chan, S. Y., Green, A. R., Ellis, I. O., Rakha, E., & Madhusudan, S. (2018). Targeting ataxia telangiectasia mutated and Rad3 related kinase (ATR) in PTEN deficient breast cancers for personalized therapy. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, 169(2), 277–286. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10549-018-4683-4

Purpose: PTEN, a negative regulator of PI3K signaling, is involved in DNA repair. ATR is a key sensor of DNA damage and replication stress. We evaluated whether ATR signaling has clinical significance and could be targeted by synthetic lethality in P... Read More about Targeting ataxia telangiectasia mutated and Rad3 related kinase (ATR) in PTEN deficient breast cancers for personalized therapy.

High nuclear MSK1 is associated with longer survival in breast cancer patients (2018)
Journal Article
Pu, X., Storr, S. J., Ahmad, N., Rakha, E., Green, A. R., Ellis, I. O., & Martin, S. G. (2018). High nuclear MSK1 is associated with longer survival in breast cancer patients. Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology, 144(3), https://doi.org/10.1007/s00432-018-2579-7

Purpose: Mitogen- and stress- activated kinases (MSKs) are important substrates of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-activated protein kinase family. MSK1 and MSK2 are both nuclear serine/threonine protein kinases, with MSK1 being suggested... Read More about High nuclear MSK1 is associated with longer survival in breast cancer patients.

Oestrogen receptor negative early operable primary breast cancer in older women—biological characteristics and long-term clinical outcome (2017)
Journal Article
Syed, B. M., Morgan, D., Setty, T., Green, A. R., Paish, E. C., Ellis, I. O., & Cheung, K.-L. (2017). Oestrogen receptor negative early operable primary breast cancer in older women—biological characteristics and long-term clinical outcome. PLoS ONE, 12(12), Article e0188528. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0188528

Background

Older women are at the greatest risk of breast cancer development and a considerable number present with comorbidities. Although the majority of breast cancers in this age group express oestrogen receptor (ER), which makes endocrine the... Read More about Oestrogen receptor negative early operable primary breast cancer in older women—biological characteristics and long-term clinical outcome.

IL-6 and IL-10 are associated with good prognosis in early stage invasive breast cancer patients (2017)
Journal Article
Ahmad, N., Ammar, A., Storr, S. J., Green, A. R., Rakha, E., Ellis, I., & Martin, S. G. (2018). IL-6 and IL-10 are associated with good prognosis in early stage invasive breast cancer patients. Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy, 67(4), https://doi.org/10.1007/s00262-017-2106-8

Macrophage-associated cytokines play an important role in cancer metastasis however the functions of Interleukins (IL) 6 and 10 in breast cancer (BC) progression and metastasis are not clear. In this study the roles of IL-6/IL-10 in regulating vascul... Read More about IL-6 and IL-10 are associated with good prognosis in early stage invasive breast cancer patients.

Invasion in breast lesions: the role of the epithelial-stroma barrier (2017)
Journal Article
Rakha, E. A., Miligy, I., Gorringe, K. L., Toss, M. S., Green, A. R., Fox, S. B., Schmitt, F. C., Tan, P.-H., Tse, G. M., Badve, S., Decker, T., Vincent-Salomon, A., Dabbs, D. J., Foschini, M. P., Moreno, F., Wentao, Y., Geyer, F. C., Reis-Filho, J. S., Pinder, S. E., Lakhani, S. R., & Ellis, I. O. (2018). Invasion in breast lesions: the role of the epithelial-stroma barrier. Histopathology, 72(7), 1075-1083. https://doi.org/10.1111/his.13446

Despite the significant biological, behavioural and management differences between ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and invasive carcinoma of the breast, they share many morphological and molecular similarities. Differentiation of these two different... Read More about Invasion in breast lesions: the role of the epithelial-stroma barrier.

MYC regulation of Glutamine-Proline regulatory axis is key in Luminal B breast cancer (2017)
Journal Article
Craze, M. L., Cheung, H., Jewa, N., Coimbra, N. D., Soria, D., El-Ansari, R., Aleskandarany, M. A., Cheng, K. W., Diez-Rodriguez, M., Nolan, C. C., Ellis, I. O., Rakha, E., & Green, A. R. (in press). MYC regulation of Glutamine-Proline regulatory axis is key in Luminal B breast cancer. British Journal of Cancer, https://doi.org/10.1038/bjc.2017.387

Background: Altered cellular metabolism is a hallmark of cancer and some are reliant on Glutamine for sustained proliferation and survival. We hypothesise that the Glutamine-Proline regulatory axis has a key role in Breast cancer (BC) in the highly p... Read More about MYC regulation of Glutamine-Proline regulatory axis is key in Luminal B breast cancer.

Evaluation of CDK12 protein expression as a potential novel biomarker for DNA damage response–targeted therapies in breast cancer (2017)
Journal Article
Naidoo, K., Wai, P. T., Maguire, S. L., Daley, F., Haider, S., Kriplani, D., Campbell, J., Mirza, H., Grigoriadis, A., Tutt, A., Moseley, P. M., Abdel-Fatah, T. M., Chan, S. Y., Madhusudan, S., Rhaka, E. A., Ellis, I. O., Lord, C. J., Yuan, Y., Green, A. R., & Natrajan, R. (2018). Evaluation of CDK12 protein expression as a potential novel biomarker for DNA damage response–targeted therapies in breast cancer. Molecular Cancer Therapeutics, 17(1), 306-315. https://doi.org/10.1158/1535-7163.mct-17-0760

Disruption of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 12 (CDK12) is known to lead to defects in DNA repair and sensitivity to platinum salts and PARP1/2 inhibitors. However, CDK12 has also been proposed as an oncogene in breast cancer. We therefore aimed to assess t... Read More about Evaluation of CDK12 protein expression as a potential novel biomarker for DNA damage response–targeted therapies in breast cancer.

Rho-GTPase activating protein 18: a biomarker associated with good prognosis in invasive breast cancer (2017)
Journal Article
Aleskandarany, M. A., Sonbul, S. N., Surridge, R., Mukherjee, A., Caldas, C., Diez-Rodriguez, M., Ashankyty, I., Albrahim, K. I., Elmouna, A. M., Aneja, R., Martin, S. G., Ellis, I. O., Green, A. R., & Rakha, E. A. (2017). Rho-GTPase activating protein 18: a biomarker associated with good prognosis in invasive breast cancer. British Journal of Cancer, 117(8), 1176-1184. https://doi.org/10.1038/bjc.2017.261

Background: The prognostic value of lymphovascular invasion (LVI) in breast cancer (BC) has been demonstrated in several independent studies. However, identification of driver molecules for LVI remains a challenging task. Large-scale transcriptomic p... Read More about Rho-GTPase activating protein 18: a biomarker associated with good prognosis in invasive breast cancer.

Altered glutamine metabolism in breast cancer: subtype dependencies and alternative adaptations (2017)
Journal Article
El Ansari, R., McIntyre, A., Craze, M. L., Ellis, I. O., Rakha, E. A., & Green, A. R. (in press). Altered glutamine metabolism in breast cancer: subtype dependencies and alternative adaptations. Histopathology, https://doi.org/10.1111/his.13334

Cancer cells must alter their metabolism in order to satisfy the demands of necessary energy and cellular building blocks. These metabolic alterations are mediated by many oncogenic changes that affect cellular signalling pathways, which result in su... Read More about Altered glutamine metabolism in breast cancer: subtype dependencies and alternative adaptations.

Current trials to reduce surgical intervention in ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast: critical review (2017)
Journal Article
Toss, M., Miligy, I., Thompson, A., Khout, H., Green, A., Ellis, I., & Rakha, E. (2017). Current trials to reduce surgical intervention in ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast: critical review. Breast, 35, 151-156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.breast.2017.07.012

The high proportion of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) presented in mammographic screening and the relatively low risk of progression to invasive disease have raised questions related to overtreatment. Following a review of current DCIS management pr... Read More about Current trials to reduce surgical intervention in ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast: critical review.

FOXP1 expression correlates with better prognosis in invasive breast cancer including the ER-positive luminal subtype (2017)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Joseph, C., Craze, M. L., Nolan, C., Diez-Rodriguez, M., Green, A. R., Rakha, E., Ellis, I. O., & Mukherjee, A. FOXP1 expression correlates with better prognosis in invasive breast cancer including the ER-positive luminal subtype. Presented at Belfast Pathology 2017: 10th Joint Meeting of the British Division of the International Academy of Pathology and the Pathological Society of Great Britain & Ireland

Background: Fork head box P1 (FOXP1) is a FOX family transcription factor influencing ERα;-regulated transcription by interaction with the ERα; related pioneer factor FOXA1. Altered FOXP1 expression is seen in breast and prostate cancers. This study... Read More about FOXP1 expression correlates with better prognosis in invasive breast cancer including the ER-positive luminal subtype.

Elevated expression of STK3 mRNA and protein is associated with poor outcome in invasive breast cancer (2017)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
with poor outcome in invasive breast cancer. Presented at Belfast Pathology 2017: 10th Joint Meeting of the British Division of the International Academy of Pathology and the Pathological Society of Great Britain & Ireland

Purpose of the study: The mammalian sterile 20-like kinase (MST2/STK3) and its close homologue MST1(STK4) are members of the germinal centre kinase group II (GCK II) family of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK). High STK3 expression is known to... Read More about Elevated expression of STK3 mRNA and protein is associated with poor outcome in invasive breast cancer.

An updated PREDICT breast cancer prognostication and treatment benefit prediction model with independent validation (2017)
Journal Article
Candido Dos Reis, F. J., Wishart, G. C., Dicks, E. M., Greenberg, D., Rashbass, J., Schmidt, M. K., van den Broek, A. J., Ellis, I. O., Green, A., Rakha, E., Maishman, T., Eccles, D. M., & Pharoah, P. D. (2017). An updated PREDICT breast cancer prognostication and treatment benefit prediction model with independent validation. Breast Cancer Research, 19(1), Article 58. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13058-017-0852-3

BACKGROUND: PREDICT is a breast cancer prognostic and treatment benefit model implemented online. The overall fit of the model has been good in multiple independent case series, but PREDICT has been shown to underestimate breast cancer specific morta... Read More about An updated PREDICT breast cancer prognostication and treatment benefit prediction model with independent validation.

Ki67 expression in invasive breast cancer: the use of tissue microarrays compared with whole tissue sections (2017)
Journal Article
Muftah, A. A., Aleskandarany, M. A., Al-kaabi, M. M., Sonbul, S. N., Diez-Rodriguez, M., Nolan, C. C., Caldas, C., Ellis, I. O., Rakha, E. A., & Green, A. R. (2017). Ki67 expression in invasive breast cancer: the use of tissue microarrays compared with whole tissue sections. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, 164(2), 341-348. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10549-017-4270-0

Background: Although the prognostic value of Ki67 in breast cancer is well documented, using optimal cut-points for patient stratification, reproducibility of the scoring and interpretation of the results remain a matter of debate particularly when u... Read More about Ki67 expression in invasive breast cancer: the use of tissue microarrays compared with whole tissue sections.

Phenotypic characterization of breast cancer: the role of CDC42 (2017)
Journal Article
Chrysanthou, E., Gorringe, K. L., Joseph, C., Craze, M. L., Nolan, C. C., Diez-Rodriguez, M., Green, A. R., Rakha, E. A., Ellis, I. O., & Mukherjee, A. (2017). Phenotypic characterization of breast cancer: the role of CDC42. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, 164(2), https://doi.org/10.1007/s10549-017-4267-8

Purpose: The molecular landscape of breast cancer (BC), especially of the Luminal A subtype, remains to be fully delineated. Transcriptomic data shows that Luminal A tumours are enriched for aberrant expression of genes in the cell division control 4... Read More about Phenotypic characterization of breast cancer: the role of CDC42.

HOXC8 regulates self-renewal, differentiation and transformation of breast cancer stem cells (2017)
Journal Article
Shah, M., Cardenas, R., Wang, B., Persson, J., Mongan, N. P., Grabowska, A. M., & Allegrucci, C. (2017). HOXC8 regulates self-renewal, differentiation and transformation of breast cancer stem cells. Molecular Cancer, 16(38), https://doi.org/10.1186/s12943-017-0605-z

Background: Homeobox genes are master regulators of cell fate during embryonic development and their expression is altered in cancer. By regulating the balance between cell proliferation and differentiation, they maintain homeostasis of normal tissue... Read More about HOXC8 regulates self-renewal, differentiation and transformation of breast cancer stem cells.

Prognostic stratification of oestrogen receptor-positive HER2-negative lymph node-negative class of breast cancer (2016)
Journal Article
Rakha, E. A., Agarwal, D., Green, A. R., Ashankyty, I., Ellis, I. O., Ball, G., & Alaskandarany, M. A. (2017). Prognostic stratification of oestrogen receptor-positive HER2-negative lymph node-negative class of breast cancer. Histopathology, 70(4), 622-631. https://doi.org/10.1111/his.13108

Aims

Multigene assay is recommended currently for prognostic stratification of the clinically indeterminate group of breast cancer (BC) patients defined as lymph node (LN)‐negative, oestrogen receptor (ER)‐positive, HER2‐negative (LN−/ER+/HER2−) t... Read More about Prognostic stratification of oestrogen receptor-positive HER2-negative lymph node-negative class of breast cancer.

Molecular classification of breast cancer: what the pathologist needs to know (2016)
Journal Article
Rakha, E. A., & Green, A. R. (2017). Molecular classification of breast cancer: what the pathologist needs to know. Pathology, 49(2), 111-119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pathol.2016.10.012

Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease featuring distinct histological, molecular and clinical phenotypes. Although traditional classification systems utilising clinicopathological and few molecular markers are well established and validated, they... Read More about Molecular classification of breast cancer: what the pathologist needs to know.