Professor Colin Snape's Outputs (87)

Biowaste to biochar: a techno-economic and life cycle assessment of biochar production from food-waste digestate and its agricultural field application (2025)
Journal Article
Gamaralalage, D., Rodgers, S., Gill, A., Meredith, W., Bott, T., West, H., Alce, J., Snape, C., & McKechnie, J. (2025). Biowaste to biochar: a techno-economic and life cycle assessment of biochar production from food-waste digestate and its agricultural field application. Biochar, 7(1), Article 50. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42773-025-00456-0

Biochar has high potential for long-term atmospheric carbon storage in terrestrial environments, contributing to meeting the UK and global greenhouse gas emission reduction targets. This study investigates the greenhouse gas emissions and techno-econ... Read More about Biowaste to biochar: a techno-economic and life cycle assessment of biochar production from food-waste digestate and its agricultural field application.

The effect of high pressure on hydrocarbon generation from Type-I kerogen source rocks: Implications for petroleum system evolution (2025)
Journal Article
Khairy, A., Uguna, C. N., Vane, C. H., El Diasty, W. S., Peters, K. E., Snape, C. E., Farouk, S., & Meredith, W. (2025). The effect of high pressure on hydrocarbon generation from Type-I kerogen source rocks: Implications for petroleum system evolution. International Journal of Coal Geology, 300, Article 104708. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2025.104708

This study examines the effect of high water pressure (up to 900 bar) on hydrocarbon generation from Type-I kerogen-rich source rocks and compares the results with previously observed effects on Type-II and Type-III kerogens. An immature Type-I oil s... Read More about The effect of high pressure on hydrocarbon generation from Type-I kerogen source rocks: Implications for petroleum system evolution.

Catalytic and kinetic investigation into 4-dimethylamino pyridine/1,3-diphenyl thiourea catalyzed synthesis of chloromethyl ethylene carbonate under pure CO₂ and simulated flue gas conditions (2024)
Journal Article
Eton, U. O., Meredith, W., & Snape, C. E. (2025). Catalytic and kinetic investigation into 4-dimethylamino pyridine/1,3-diphenyl thiourea catalyzed synthesis of chloromethyl ethylene carbonate under pure CO₂ and simulated flue gas conditions. Fuel, 382(Part A), Article 133657. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2024.133657

Synthesis of chloromethyl ethylene carbonate (CMEC) via CO2 cycloaddition to epichlorohydrin (ECH) has been investigated using a simple metal-free and halide-free catalyst comprising 4-dimethylamino pyridine (DMAP) and N–H type hydrogen bond donors (... Read More about Catalytic and kinetic investigation into 4-dimethylamino pyridine/1,3-diphenyl thiourea catalyzed synthesis of chloromethyl ethylene carbonate under pure CO₂ and simulated flue gas conditions.

GC-MS analysis of alkylpyrazines in the pyrolysis oils of silica-polyethylenimine CO2 sorbents (2023)
Journal Article
Coralli, I., Spada, L., Fabbri, D., Pour, S. R. S., Fiori, J., Vassura, I., Stefanidis, S., Lappas, A., Stevens, L. A., & Snape, C. E. (2024). GC-MS analysis of alkylpyrazines in the pyrolysis oils of silica-polyethylenimine CO2 sorbents. Journal of Chromatography Open, 5, Article 100108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcoa.2023.100108

Solid sorbents based on silica and polyethyleneimine (PEI) are intensively investigated in the field of carbon capture and storage (CCS). Pyrolysis was proposed as a thermal process to recover the pure silica from exhausted sorbents and convert PEI i... Read More about GC-MS analysis of alkylpyrazines in the pyrolysis oils of silica-polyethylenimine CO2 sorbents.

Valorization Strategies in CO2 Capture: A New Life for Exhausted Silica-Polyethylenimine (2023)
Journal Article
Coralli, I., Giuri, D., Spada, L., Ortolani, J., Mazzocchetti, L., Tomasini, C., Stevens, L. A., Snape, C. E., & Fabbri, D. (2023). Valorization Strategies in CO2 Capture: A New Life for Exhausted Silica-Polyethylenimine. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(19), Article 14415. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241914415

The search for alternative ways to give a second life to materials paved the way for detailed investigation into three silica-polyethylenimine (Si-PEI) materials for the purpose of CO2 adsorption in carbon capture and storage. A solvent extraction pr... Read More about Valorization Strategies in CO2 Capture: A New Life for Exhausted Silica-Polyethylenimine.

Low-temperature chemical looping oxidation of hydrogen for space heating (2023)
Journal Article
Güleç, F., Okolie, J. A., Clough, P. T., Erdogan, A., Meredith, W., & Snape, C. E. (2023). Low-temperature chemical looping oxidation of hydrogen for space heating. Journal of the Energy Institute, 110, Article 101355. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joei.2023.101355

Chemical looping combustion (CLC) is an advanced combustion process in which the combustion reaction splits into two parts; in the first reaction metal oxides are used as oxygen suppliers for fuel combustion and then in the second reaction, reduced m... Read More about Low-temperature chemical looping oxidation of hydrogen for space heating.

Biochar application to temperate grasslands: challenges and opportunities for delivering multiple ecosystem services (2023)
Journal Article
Brown, R. W., Chadwick, D. R., Bott, T., West, H. M., Wilson, P., Hodgins, G. R., Snape, C. E., & Jones, D. L. (2023). Biochar application to temperate grasslands: challenges and opportunities for delivering multiple ecosystem services. Biochar, 5(1), Article 33. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42773-023-00232-y

Grasslands (natural, semi-natural and improved) occupy approximately one-third of the terrestrial biosphere and are key for global ecosystem service provision, storing up to 30% of soil organic carbon (SOC). To date, most research on soil carbon (C)... Read More about Biochar application to temperate grasslands: challenges and opportunities for delivering multiple ecosystem services.

Geochemical assessment and hydrocarbon potential of Oligocene–Pliocene source rocks from northeast onshore Nile Delta, Egypt (2023)
Journal Article
Khairy, A., El Diasty, W. S., Uguna, C. N., Peters, K. E., Vane, C. H., Snape, C. E., & Meredith, W. (2023). Geochemical assessment and hydrocarbon potential of Oligocene–Pliocene source rocks from northeast onshore Nile Delta, Egypt. International Journal of Coal Geology, 274, Article 104283. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2023.104283

Recent exploration in the Nile Delta Basin has led to major oil and gas discoveries; however, source–reservoir relationships in the onshore part of the basin are still ambiguous. This work involves a comprehensive geochemical assessment of possible O... Read More about Geochemical assessment and hydrocarbon potential of Oligocene–Pliocene source rocks from northeast onshore Nile Delta, Egypt.

CO2 capture from fluid catalytic crackers via chemical looping combustion: Regeneration of coked catalysts with oxygen carriers (2023)
Journal Article
Güleç, F., Meredith, W., & Snape, C. E. (2023). CO2 capture from fluid catalytic crackers via chemical looping combustion: Regeneration of coked catalysts with oxygen carriers. Journal of the Energy Institute, 107, Article 101187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joei.2023.101187

Oil refineries are responsible for ∼5% of total global CO2 emissions and approximately 25–35% of these emissions are released from a single unit called Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC). Chemical Looping Combustion (CLC) has been recently proposed as a... Read More about CO2 capture from fluid catalytic crackers via chemical looping combustion: Regeneration of coked catalysts with oxygen carriers.

Analytical pyrolysis of polyethyleneimines (2022)
Journal Article
Coralli, I., Fabbri, D., Facchin, A., Torri, C., Stevens, L. A., & Snape, C. E. (2023). Analytical pyrolysis of polyethyleneimines. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 169, Article 105838. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2022.105838

Poly(ethylene imine) is a family of polymers with a high content of amine groups employed in various applications and widely investigated as CO2 adsorbents in carbon capture and sequestration. In this study, five branched polyethylenimines (PEIs) of... Read More about Analytical pyrolysis of polyethyleneimines.

Regenerability of fly-ash derived zeolite NaP1: Evaluation via copper recovery (2022)
Journal Article
Ankrah, A. F., Tokay, B., & Snape, C. E. (2023). Regenerability of fly-ash derived zeolite NaP1: Evaluation via copper recovery. Engineering Reports, 5(4), Article e12591. https://doi.org/10.1002/eng2.12591

Effective regeneration of adsorbents is considered as one of the essential qualities for commercial use. However, most of the studies have only reported the adsorption properties and overlooked the reuse of adsorbents. In this study, we determined th... Read More about Regenerability of fly-ash derived zeolite NaP1: Evaluation via copper recovery.

Combining molecular simulation and experiment to understand the effect of moisture on methane adsorption in kerogens (2022)
Journal Article
Li, W., Stevens, L. A., Zhang, B., Zheng, D., & Snape, C. E. (2023). Combining molecular simulation and experiment to understand the effect of moisture on methane adsorption in kerogens. Chemical Engineering Journal, 454, 139942. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2022.139942

There is a limited understanding of the critical impact moisture has on shale gas resource estimation by affecting gas adsorption and pore structure. Laboratory experiments on dry and 95% relative humidity (R.H.) isolated kerogens are combined with G... Read More about Combining molecular simulation and experiment to understand the effect of moisture on methane adsorption in kerogens.

Synergistic effect in co-processing a residue from a transesterification process with vacuum gas oil in fluid catalytic cracking (2022)
Journal Article
Haruna, A. M., Meredith, W., & Snape, C. E. (2022). Synergistic effect in co-processing a residue from a transesterification process with vacuum gas oil in fluid catalytic cracking. Fuel, 327, Article 124973. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2022.124973

The catalytic co-processing of bottom fuel oil (BFO) with refinery vacuum gas oil (VGO) using a commercial fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) zeolite equilibrium catalyst was carried out to ascertain its potential as a source for biofuels. The BFO used w... Read More about Synergistic effect in co-processing a residue from a transesterification process with vacuum gas oil in fluid catalytic cracking.

Should IQOS Emissions Be Considered as Smoke and Harmful to Health? A Review of the Chemical Evidence (2022)
Journal Article
Uguna, C. N., & Snape, C. E. (2022). Should IQOS Emissions Be Considered as Smoke and Harmful to Health? A Review of the Chemical Evidence. ACS Omega, 7(26), 22111–22124. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.2c01527

The chemical evidence that IQOS emissions fit the definition of both an aerosol and smoke, and that IQOS and potentially other heated tobacco products (HTPs) pose some harmful health threats from the range of compounds released even at somewhat lower... Read More about Should IQOS Emissions Be Considered as Smoke and Harmful to Health? A Review of the Chemical Evidence.

Effect of process variables on producing biocoals by hydrothermal carbonisation of pine Kraft lignin at low temperatures (2022)
Journal Article
Musa, U., Castro-Díaz, M., Uguna, C. N., & Snape, C. E. (2022). Effect of process variables on producing biocoals by hydrothermal carbonisation of pine Kraft lignin at low temperatures. Fuel, 325, Article 124784. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2022.124784

Lignin from pulping is recovered in a wet form, making it ideal for hydrothermal carbonisation (HTC). This study investigates the effects of temperature (200–280 °C), residence time (1–6 h), and water to biomass mass ratio (2:1–6:1) on the compositio... Read More about Effect of process variables on producing biocoals by hydrothermal carbonisation of pine Kraft lignin at low temperatures.

Renewable binders from waste biomass for road construction: A review on thermochemical conversion technologies and current developments (2022)
Journal Article
Weir, A., Jiménez del Barco Carrión, A., Queffélec, C., Bujoli, B., Chailleux, E., Uguna, C., Snape, C., & Airey, G. (2022). Renewable binders from waste biomass for road construction: A review on thermochemical conversion technologies and current developments. Construction and Building Materials, 330, Article 127076. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.127076

Biobinders (binders manufactured from biomass) are becoming popular in asphalt engineering due to growing environmental concerns of greenhouse gas emissions from the use of fossil fuels and depleting petroleum bitumen reserves. Waste biomass products... Read More about Renewable binders from waste biomass for road construction: A review on thermochemical conversion technologies and current developments.

Molecular Formula Prediction for Chemical Filtering of 3D OrbiSIMS Datasets (2022)
Journal Article
Edney, M. K., Kotowska, A. M., Spanu, M., Trindade, G. F., Wilmot, E., Reid, J., Barker, J., Aylott, J. W., Shard, A. G., Alexander, M. R., Snape, C. E., & Scurr, D. J. (2022). Molecular Formula Prediction for Chemical Filtering of 3D OrbiSIMS Datasets. Analytical Chemistry, 94(11), 4703–4711. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04898

Modern mass spectrometry techniques produce a wealth of spectral data, and although this is an advantage in terms of the richness of the information available, the volume and complexity of data can prevent a thorough interpretation to reach useful co... Read More about Molecular Formula Prediction for Chemical Filtering of 3D OrbiSIMS Datasets.

Heavy Metal Removal from Aqueous Solutions Using Fly-Ash Derived Zeolite NaP1 (2022)
Journal Article
Ankrah, A. F., Tokay, B., & Snape, C. E. (2022). Heavy Metal Removal from Aqueous Solutions Using Fly-Ash Derived Zeolite NaP1. International Journal of Environmental Research, 16(2), Article 17. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41742-022-00395-9

Fly-ash derived zeolites have recently -received great attention as cheaper adsorbents to remove heavy metals from water since they can be synthesized from a waste product. In this study, we evaluated the single- and multi-cation adsorption efficienc... Read More about Heavy Metal Removal from Aqueous Solutions Using Fly-Ash Derived Zeolite NaP1.

The effect of oil extraction on porosity and methane adsorption for dry and moisture-equilibrated shales (2022)
Journal Article
Li, W., Stevens, L. A., Meredith, W., Uguna, C. N., Vane, C. H., Zhang, B., Carr, A. D., Zheng, D., & Snape, C. E. (2022). The effect of oil extraction on porosity and methane adsorption for dry and moisture-equilibrated shales. Fuel, 316, Article 123304. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2022.123304

The porosity and methane adsorption capacity of shale used to estimate gas in place (GIP) are affected both by moisture and oil residing in the pore structure, as well as oil naturally present from maturation, which can include contaminant drilling m... Read More about The effect of oil extraction on porosity and methane adsorption for dry and moisture-equilibrated shales.

Comparison of the impact of moisture on methane adsorption and nanoporosity for over mature shales and their kerogens (2021)
Journal Article
Li, W., Stevens, L. A., Uguna, C. N., Vane, C. H., Meredith, W., Tang, L., Li, Q., & Snape, C. E. (2021). Comparison of the impact of moisture on methane adsorption and nanoporosity for over mature shales and their kerogens. International Journal of Coal Geology, 237, Article 103705. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2021.103705

© 2021 Elsevier B.V. Moisture in shales under reservoir conditions adversely affects gas adsorption and nanoporosity and is also likely to impact on the contribution that kerogen makes to the methane adsorption capacity. To investigate these phenomen... Read More about Comparison of the impact of moisture on methane adsorption and nanoporosity for over mature shales and their kerogens.