Professor CAROL EASTWICK's Outputs (43)

A CFD and experimental investigation into a non-intrusive method for measuring cooling air mass flow rate through a synchronous generator (2018)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Bersch, K., Connor, P. H., Eastwick, C. N., & Galea, M. A CFD and experimental investigation into a non-intrusive method for measuring cooling air mass flow rate through a synchronous generator. Presented at 9th International Conference on Power Electronics, Machines and Drives (PEMD 2018)

This paper presents a detailed methodology for a non-intrusive measurement of cooling air mass flow rate that enables an overall machine evaluation. This approach enables the simultaneous measurement of air mass flow with shaft torque at differing op... Read More about A CFD and experimental investigation into a non-intrusive method for measuring cooling air mass flow rate through a synchronous generator.

Studies on combustion behaviours of single biomass particles using a visualization method (2017)
Journal Article
Shan, L., Kong, M., Bennet, T. D., Sarroza, A. C., Eastwick, C., Sun, D., Lu, G., Yan, Y., & Liu, H. (2018). Studies on combustion behaviours of single biomass particles using a visualization method. Biomass and Bioenergy, 109, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2017.12.008

Combustion behaviours of single particles (125–150 μm) of eucalyptus, pine and olive residue were investigated by means of a transparent visual drop-tube furnace, electrically heated to 1073 K, and a high-speed camera coupling with a long distance mi... Read More about Studies on combustion behaviours of single biomass particles using a visualization method.

Benefits of dry comminution of biomass pellets in a knife mill (2017)
Journal Article
Williams, O., Lester, E., Kingman, S., Giddings, D., Lormor, S., & Eastwick, C. (in press). Benefits of dry comminution of biomass pellets in a knife mill. Biosystems Engineering, 160, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2017.05.011

The potential benefits of dry comminution in a knife mill for a diverse range of biomass 6 pellets are explored. The impact of dry comminution on energy consumption, particle size and shape, 7 is examined as well as the link between milling and mecha... Read More about Benefits of dry comminution of biomass pellets in a knife mill.

Mechanical degradation of biomass wood pellets during long term stockpile storage (2017)
Journal Article
Graham, S., Eastwick, C., Snape, C., & Quick, W. (2017). Mechanical degradation of biomass wood pellets during long term stockpile storage. Fuel Processing Technology, 160, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2017.02.017

This paper quantifies and assesses the mechanical degradation of white wood and steam exploded wood pellets in indoor and outdoor stockpile storage over a twenty-one month period in the UK. The indoor stored steam exploded wood pellets on the surface... Read More about Mechanical degradation of biomass wood pellets during long term stockpile storage.

Overcoming the caking phenomenon in olive mill wastes (2017)
Journal Article
Williams, O., Eastwick, C., Kingman, S., Giddings, D., Lormor, S., & Lester, E. (2017). Overcoming the caking phenomenon in olive mill wastes. Industrial Crops and Products, 101, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2017.02.036

The use of olive mill wastes (orujillo) within coal fired power stations in the UK has led to unexpected difficulties with material caking within the fuel handling plant. This study replicated orujillo caking on a laboratory scale using a planetary b... Read More about Overcoming the caking phenomenon in olive mill wastes.

Combustion behavior profiling of single pulverized coal particles in a drop tube furnace through high-speed imaging and image analysis (2017)
Journal Article
Bai, X., Lu, G., Bennet, T. D., Sarroza, A. C., Eastwick, C., Liu, H., & Yan, Y. (in press). Combustion behavior profiling of single pulverized coal particles in a drop tube furnace through high-speed imaging and image analysis. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 85, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2017.03.018

Experimental investigations into the combustion behaviors of single pulverized coal particles are carried out based on high-speed imaging and image processing techniques. A high-speed video camera is employed to acquire the images of coal particles d... Read More about Combustion behavior profiling of single pulverized coal particles in a drop tube furnace through high-speed imaging and image analysis.

Characterising pulverised fuel ignition in a visual drop tube furnace by use of a high-speed imaging technique (2016)
Journal Article
Sarroza, A. C., Bennet, T. D., Eastwick, C., & Liu, H. (in press). Characterising pulverised fuel ignition in a visual drop tube furnace by use of a high-speed imaging technique. Fuel Processing Technology, 157, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2016.11.002

This study investigates the ignition characteristics of pulverised coal, biomass and co-firing by use of a visual drop tube furnace (VDTF) and a high speed imaging technique. Three coals (anthracite, a bituminous coal and a lignite), four biomasses (... Read More about Characterising pulverised fuel ignition in a visual drop tube furnace by use of a high-speed imaging technique.

Stator and rotor vent modelling in a MVA rated synchronous machine (2016)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Connor, P. H., Eastwick, C., Pickering, S. J., Gerada, C., & Rolston, R. (2016, September). Stator and rotor vent modelling in a MVA rated synchronous machine. Presented at 2016 XXII International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM), Lausanne, Switzerland

An investigation into the solution dependence of a conjugate heat transfer computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of a synchronous generator, with respect to meshing, has been carried out. Utilising CFD as a tool for investigating the airflow and t... Read More about Stator and rotor vent modelling in a MVA rated synchronous machine.

Thermal management of a high speed permanent magnet machine for an aeroengine (2016)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
La Rocca, A., Xu, Z., Arumugam, P., Pickering, S., Eastwick, C., Gerada, C., & Bozhko, S. Thermal management of a high speed permanent magnet machine for an aeroengine. Presented at XXIIth International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM '2016)

The paper describes the mechanical and thermal design of a high speed, high power density synchronous permanent magnet machine for an aero engine starter generator system with a power rating of 150 kW and maximum speed of 32,000 rpm. As both mechanic... Read More about Thermal management of a high speed permanent magnet machine for an aeroengine.

Influence of mill type on densified biomass comminution (2016)
Journal Article
Williams, O., Newbolt, G., Eastwick, C., Kingman, S. W., Giddings, D., Lormor, S., & Lester, E. (2016). Influence of mill type on densified biomass comminution. Applied Energy, 182, 219-231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.08.111

The impact of different mill fracture mechanisms were examined for a wide range of densified biomass pellets to provide a comprehensive analysis of biomass milling behaviour for pulverised fuel combustion. The milling behaviour of 7 woody, herbaceous... Read More about Influence of mill type on densified biomass comminution.

Changes in the mechanical properties of biomass wood pellets during artificial degradation in a laboratory environment (2016)
Journal Article
Graham, S. L., Ogunfayo, I., Hall, M. R., Snape, C., Quick, W., Weatherstone, S., & Eastwick, C. (2016). Changes in the mechanical properties of biomass wood pellets during artificial degradation in a laboratory environment. Fuel Processing Technology, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2016.03.020

In stockpiles exposed to high relative humidity (RH) and rainfall, woody biomass pellets lose structural integrity, often assumed to be due to the uptake of moisture from the environment. In this study three different types of biomass pellet were art... Read More about Changes in the mechanical properties of biomass wood pellets during artificial degradation in a laboratory environment.

Thermochemical and structural changes in Jatropha curcas seed cake during torrefaction for its use as coal co-firing feedstock (2016)
Journal Article
Madanayakea, B. N., Gan, S., Eastwick, C., & Ng, H. K. (2016). Thermochemical and structural changes in Jatropha curcas seed cake during torrefaction for its use as coal co-firing feedstock. Energy, 100, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2016.01.097

Jatropha curcas seed cake is a viable feedstock for co-firing with coal as it has the advantages of being renewable, carbon-neutral and sourced from a versatile plant. Torrefaction, a mild pyrolysis treatment by heating in a N2 atmosphere, was invest... Read More about Thermochemical and structural changes in Jatropha curcas seed cake during torrefaction for its use as coal co-firing feedstock.

Leaching as a pretreatment process to complement torrefaction in improving co-firing characteristics of Jatropha curcas seed cake (2015)
Journal Article
Madanayake, B. N., Gan, S., Eastwick, C., & Ng, H. K. (2016). Leaching as a pretreatment process to complement torrefaction in improving co-firing characteristics of Jatropha curcas seed cake. Waste and Biomass Valorization, 7(3), 559-569. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-015-9467-z

The presence of certain inorganic elements in biomass causes issues such as slagging, fouling and corrosion when co-firing with coal for power generation. In this work, the efficacy of leaching to remove these elements from Jatropha curcas seed cake... Read More about Leaching as a pretreatment process to complement torrefaction in improving co-firing characteristics of Jatropha curcas seed cake.

Impact of mill type on biomass mill behavior (2015)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Williams, O., Eastwick, C., Lester, E., Giddings, D., & Lormor, S. Impact of mill type on biomass mill behavior. Presented at 2015 ASABE Annual International Meeting

With increasing use of biomass in pulverized fuel coal fired power stations, the impact of mill type on biomass size and shape is fundamental in optimizing mill and burner performance. The impact of mill type on the energy consumption, particle size... Read More about Impact of mill type on biomass mill behavior.

Investigation into the applicability of Bond Work Index (BWI) and Hardgrove Grindability Index (HGI) tests for several biomasses compared to Colombian La Loma coal (2015)
Journal Article
Williams, O., Eastwick, C., Kingman, S., Giddings, D., Lormor, S., & Lester, E. (2015). Investigation into the applicability of Bond Work Index (BWI) and Hardgrove Grindability Index (HGI) tests for several biomasses compared to Colombian La Loma coal. Fuel, 158, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2015.05.027

With increasing quantities of biomass being combusted in coal fired power stations, there is an urgent need to be able to predict the grindability of biomass in existing coal mills, but currently no standard biomass grindability test exists. In this... Read More about Investigation into the applicability of Bond Work Index (BWI) and Hardgrove Grindability Index (HGI) tests for several biomasses compared to Colombian La Loma coal.

Numerical study on a two-stage metal hydride hydrogen compression system (2015)
Journal Article
Gkanas, E. I., Grant, D. M., Stuart, A. D., Eastwick, C., Book, D., Nayebossadri, S., Pickering, L., & Walker, G. S. (in press). Numerical study on a two-stage metal hydride hydrogen compression system. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 645(Supp1), Article S18-S22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2015.03.123

A multistage Metal Hydride Hydrogen Compression (MHHC) system uses a combination of hydride materials in order to increase the total compression ratio, whilst maximizing the hydrogenation rate from the supply pressure at each stage. By solving the co... Read More about Numerical study on a two-stage metal hydride hydrogen compression system.

The impact of moisture on the milling behavior of different biomasses (2014)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Williams, O., Eastwick, C., Lester, E., Giddings, D., & Byrne, N. The impact of moisture on the milling behavior of different biomasses. Presented at 22nd European Biomass Conference and Exhibition

The aim of this study was to examine the impact of moisture content on the milling behaviour of four different biomasses commonly used in the power sector and characterise their milling behaviour in a laboratory scale planetary ball mill. As received... Read More about The impact of moisture on the milling behavior of different biomasses.

Optimisation of biomass milling for conveyance and combustion (2013)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Williams, O., Eastwick, C., Lester, E., Giddings, D., & Byrne, N. Optimisation of biomass milling for conveyance and combustion. Presented at 21st European Biomass Conference and Exhibition

Agricultural wastes are increasingly being used as biomass materials for co-firing in coal fired power stations. However issues in milling and conveyance of agricultural residues are limiting the use of these resources and a greater understanding of... Read More about Optimisation of biomass milling for conveyance and combustion.

Computational fluid dynamics modelling of an entire synchronous generator for improved thermal management (2013)
Journal Article
Connor, P. H., Pickering, S., Gerada, C., Eastwick, C., Micallef, C., & Tighe, C. (2013). Computational fluid dynamics modelling of an entire synchronous generator for improved thermal management. IET Electric Power Applications, 7(3), https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-epa.2012.0278

This study is the first in a series dedicated to investigating the airflow and thermal management of electrical machines. Owing to the temperature dependent resistive losses in the machine's windings, any improvement in cooling provides a direct redu... Read More about Computational fluid dynamics modelling of an entire synchronous generator for improved thermal management.

Noise levels and noise perception from small and micro wind turbines (2013)
Journal Article
Taylor, J., Eastwick, C., Lawrence, C., & Wilson, R. (in press). Noise levels and noise perception from small and micro wind turbines. Renewable Energy, 55, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2012.11.031

Noise concerns frequently pose a barrier to widespread implementation of wind turbines and while the perception of noise from large turbines has been investigated, there is a relative gap in the research for small and micro wind turbines. This paper... Read More about Noise levels and noise perception from small and micro wind turbines.