A new genus and two new, rare freshwater mussel (Bivalvia: Unionidae) species endemic to Borneo are threatened by ongoing habitat destruction

Zieritz, Alexandra; Jainih, Leonardo; Pfeiffer, John; Rahim, Khairul Adha A.; Prayogo, Hari; Sofwan Anwari, Muhammad; Hadi Fikri, Arman; Diba, Farah; Taha, Hussein; Sulaiman, Zohrah; Froufe, Elsa; Lopes-Lima, Manuel

Abstract

1. Most of the Bornean endemic freshwater mussel (Unionida) species known to date have not been recorded by science for the past 50 years or more, owing to a lack of research effort and presumed population losses.

2. This study assessed current patterns and recent changes in the diversity and distribution of freshwater mussels in north-eastern Borneo. Physical surveys and interviews were conducted at 24 sites, and anecdotal evidence for current or historical presence of mussels was collected for a further 13 sites.

3. Native species, i.e. Schepmania sp. and Khairuloconcha sahanae gen. & sp. nov., were only found in one small stream of the Kinabatangan River basin within the Gomantong Forest Reserve, whereas the non-native Sinanodonta cf. woodiana was common across the study area.

4. Molecular phylogenetics (five genes) of the native taxa, including comparative material from West Kalimantan and Sarawak, revealed: (i) the presence of a new genus with two new, rare species: Khairuloconcha lunbawangorum sp. nov. in the Limbang River basin and K. sahanae in the Kinabatangan River basin; (ii) that Khairuloconcha and Ctenodesma form the Bornean endemic tribe Ctenodesmini trib. nov.; and (iii) that Schepmania represents another Bornean endemic tribe Schepmaniini trib. nov.

5. Both Khairuloconcha gen. nov. species are known from a single stream each and are apparently restricted to forest stream habitats where they occur at very low densities. Schepmania appears to have a severely contracted range in the Kinabatangan and adjacent basins. We urgently call for full protection of the currently known sites of K. lunbawangorum and K. sahanae, and development of an action plan to save the Bornean freshwater mussel fauna.

Citation

Zieritz, A., Jainih, L., Pfeiffer, J., Rahim, K. A. A., Prayogo, H., Sofwan Anwari, M., …Lopes-Lima, M. (2021). A new genus and two new, rare freshwater mussel (Bivalvia: Unionidae) species endemic to Borneo are threatened by ongoing habitat destruction. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, 31(11), 3169-3183. https://doi.org/10.1002/aqc.3695

• Journal Article Type: Article
• Acceptance Date: Jul 12, 2021
• Online Publication Date: Sep 3, 2021
• Publication Date: 2021-11
• Deposit Date: Jul 14, 2021
• Publicly Available Date: Sep 4, 2022
• Journal: Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems
• Print ISSN: 1052-7613
• Electronic ISSN: 1099-0755
• Peer Reviewed: Peer Reviewed
• Volume: 31
• Issue: 11
• Pages: 3169-3183
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/aqc.3695
• Public URL: https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/output/5784513
• Publisher URL: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/aqc.3695
• Additional Information: This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Zieritz, A., Jainih, L., Pfeiffer, J., Rahim, K.A.A., Prayogo, H., Anwari, M.S. et al. (2021). A new genus and two new, rare freshwater mussel (Bivalvia: Unionidae) species endemic to Borneo are threatened by ongoing habitat destruction. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, 31( 11), 3169– 3183., which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1002/aqc.3695. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions.