Prior SARS-CoV-2 infection rescues B and T cell responses to variants after first vaccine dose

Reynolds, Catherine J.; Pade, Corinna; Gibbons, Joseph M.; Butler, David K.; Otter, Ashley D.; Menacho, Katia; Fontana, Marianna; Smit, Angelique; Sackville-West, Jane E.; Cutino-Moguel, Teresa; Maini, Mala K.; Chain, Benjamin; Noursadeghi, Mahdad; Brooks, Tim; Semper, Amanda; Manisty, Charlotte; Treibel, Thomas A.; Moon, James C.; Valdes, Ana M.; McKnight, �ine; Altmann, Daniel M.; Boyton, Rosemary; UK COVIDsortium Immune Correlates Network; UK COVIDsortium Investigators

Abstract

SARS-CoV-2 vaccine rollout has coincided with the spread of variants of concern. We investigated if single dose vaccination, with or without prior infection, confers cross protective immunity to variants. We analyzed T and B cell responses after first dose vaccination with the Pfizer/BioNTech mRNA vaccine BNT162b2 in healthcare workers (HCW) followed longitudinally, with or without prior Wuhan-Hu-1 SARS-CoV-2 infection. After one dose, individuals with prior infection showed enhanced T cell immunity, antibody secreting memory B cell response to spike and neutralizing antibodies effective against B.1.1.7 and B.1.351. By comparison, HCW receiving one vaccine dose without prior infection showed reduced immunity against variants. B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 spike mutations resulted in increased, abrogated or unchanged T cell responses depending on human leukocyte antigen (HLA) polymorphisms. Single dose vaccination with BNT162b2 in the context of prior infection with a heterologous variant substantially enhances neutralizing antibody responses against variants.

Citation

Reynolds, C. J., Pade, C., Gibbons, J. M., Butler, D. K., Otter, A. D., Menacho, K., Fontana, M., Smit, A., Sackville-West, J. E., Cutino-Moguel, T., Maini, M. K., Chain, B., Noursadeghi, M., Brooks, T., Semper, A., Manisty, C., Treibel, T. A., Moon, J. C., Valdes, A. M., McKnight, Á., …UK COVIDsortium Investigators. (2021). Prior SARS-CoV-2 infection rescues B and T cell responses to variants after first vaccine dose. Science, 372(6549), 1418-1423. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abh1282

• Journal Article Type: Article
• Acceptance Date: Apr 26, 2021
• Online Publication Date: Apr 30, 2021
• Publication Date: Jun 25, 2021
• Deposit Date: May 9, 2021
• Publicly Available Date: Jun 8, 2021
• Journal: Science
• Print ISSN: 0036-8075
• Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
• Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science
• Peer Reviewed: Peer Reviewed
• Volume: 372
• Issue: 6549
• Pages: 1418-1423
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abh1282
• Public URL: https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/output/5521853
• Publisher URL: https://science.sciencemag.org/content/early/2021/04/29/science.abh1282/tab-article-info