Quantum secure learning with classical samples

Song, Wooyeong; Lim, Youngrong; Kwon, Hyukjoon; Adesso, Gerardo; Wie?niak, Marcin; Paw?owski, Marcin; Kim, Jaewan; Bang, Jeongho

Abstract

Studies addressing the question “Can a learner complete the learning securely?” have recently been spurred from the standpoints of fundamental theory and potential applications. In the relevant context of this question, we present a classical-quantum hybrid sampling protocol and define a security condition that allows only legitimate learners to prepare a finite set of samples that guarantees the success of the learning; the security condition excludes intruders. We do this by combining our security concept with the bound of the so-called probably approximately correct (PAC) learning. We show that while the lower bound on the learning samples guarantees PAC learning, an upper bound can be derived to rule out adversarial learners. Such a secure learning condition is appealing, because it is defined only by the size of samples required for the successful learning and is independent of the algorithm employed. Notably, the security stems from the fundamental quantum no-broadcasting principle. No such condition can thus occur in any classical regime, where learning samples can be copied. Owing to the hybrid architecture, our scheme also offers a practical advantage for implementation in noisy intermediate-scale quantum devices.

Citation

Song, W., Lim, Y., Kwon, H., Adesso, G., Wieśniak, M., Pawłowski, M., Kim, J., & Bang, J. (2021). Quantum secure learning with classical samples. Physical Review A, 103(4), Article 042409. https://doi.org/10.1103/physreva.103.042409

• Journal Article Type: Article
• Acceptance Date: Mar 18, 2021
• Online Publication Date: Apr 8, 2021
• Publication Date: Apr 8, 2021
• Deposit Date: Apr 14, 2021
• Publicly Available Date: Apr 15, 2021
• Journal: Physical Review A
• Print ISSN: 2469-9926
• Electronic ISSN: 2469-9934
• Publisher: American Physical Society
• Peer Reviewed: Peer Reviewed
• Volume: 103
• Issue: 4
• Article Number: 042409
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/physreva.103.042409
• Public URL: https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/output/5465790
• Publisher URL: https://journals.aps.org/pra/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevA.103.042409