Non-destructive detection of machining-induced white layers through grain size and crystallographic texture-sensitive methods

Brown, M.; Pieris, D.; Wright, D.; Crawforth, P.; M'Saoubi, R.; McGourlay, J.; Mantle, A.; Patel, R.; Smith, R. J.; Ghadbeigi, H.

Abstract

Detection of machining-induced white layers is currently a destructive inspection process with a form of cross-sectional microscopy required. This paper, therefore, reports on the development of a novel non-destructive inspection method for detecting white layers using grain size-sensitive and crystallographic texture-sensitive techniques. It is shown that x-ray diffraction can be used to detect white layers as thin as 5 μm in Ti-6Al-4 V through measurement of diffraction peak breadths and diffraction peak intensities, due to the influence of the sub 100 nm grain size and high lattice strain in the white layer, as well as the strong crystallographic texture in this titanium alloy. Compared to the existing optical microscopy inspection method, which can take days due to the number of steps involved, the x-ray diffraction peak breadth method offers non-destructive white layer detection in a matter of minutes at a resolution of 5 μm or less that competes directly with the optical method. Spatially resolved acoustic spectroscopy, a laser-generated ultrasonic surface acoustic wave detection method, can also be used to identify anomalous surfaces, containing a white layer or swept grain material, due to its sensitivity to the crystallographic texture changes that arise in severely plastically deformed Ti-6Al-4V as in Titanium with 6 % Aluminium and 4% Vanadium.

Citation

Brown, M., Pieris, D., Wright, D., Crawforth, P., M'Saoubi, R., McGourlay, J., Mantle, A., Patel, R., Smith, R. J., & Ghadbeigi, H. (2021). Non-destructive detection of machining-induced white layers through grain size and crystallographic texture-sensitive methods. Materials and Design, 200, Article 109472. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2021.109472

• Journal Article Type: Article
• Acceptance Date: Jan 9, 2021
• Online Publication Date: Jan 19, 2021
• Publication Date: Feb 15, 2021
• Deposit Date: Jun 23, 2021
• Publicly Available Date: Jun 23, 2021
• Journal: Materials and Design
• Print ISSN: 0264-1275
• Electronic ISSN: 1873-4197
• Publisher: Elsevier
• Peer Reviewed: Peer Reviewed
• Volume: 200
• Article Number: 109472
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2021.109472
• Keywords: Mechanical Engineering; General Materials Science; Mechanics of Materials
• Public URL: https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/output/5244458
• Publisher URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264127521000253?via%3Dihub
• Additional Information: This article is maintained by: Elsevier; Article Title: Non-destructive detection of machining-induced white layers through grain size and crystallographic texture-sensitive methods; Journal Title: Materials & Design; CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2021.109472; Content Type: article; Copyright: © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.