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Changing lifestyle for dementia risk reduction: Inductive content analysis of a national UK survey

Bosco, Alessandro; Jones, Katy A.; Di Lorito, Claudio; Stephan, Blossom CM; Orrell, Martin; Oliveira, Deborah

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Authors

Alessandro Bosco

Profile image of KATY JONES

Dr KATY JONES Katy.Jones@nottingham.ac.uk
Assistant Professor in Applied Psychology

Claudio Di Lorito

Blossom CM Stephan

MARTIN ORRELL M.ORRELL@NOTTINGHAM.AC.UK
Director - Institute of Mental Health

Deborah Oliveira



Contributors

Mellissa H. Withers
Editor

Abstract

Objective: To explore what motivates individuals to change their behaviour to reduce their risk of dementia.
Methods: We conducted secondary qualitative analysis of a UK-based online survey on motivation to change lifestyle and health behaviour for dementia risk reduction. Participants were recruited through social media, the Join Dementia Research network and the National Institute for Health Research Portfolio. Free-text comments from people aged ≥50 years were analysed by two researchers independently using inductive content analysis. Inter-rater agreement was measured through Cohen’s Kappa coefficient.
Results: Of the 3,948 participants completing the survey, 653 provided free text comments that were included in the analysis (Mean age=64.1; SD=8.3 years). The majority of the sample were women (n=459; 70.3%), Caucasian (n=625; 95.7%) and married/in partnership (n=459; 70.3%). Three overarching themes were identified: (1) motivators to changing lifestyle; (2) barriers for lifestyle change; and, (3) quality of the information received. The inter-rater reliability of the coding was high (k=0.7). Having a family history of dementia or feeling like they had a healthy lifestyle already were motivating factors for behaviour change. Having competing health priorities other than dementia and caring for someone acted as de-motivators as they reduced the time available to dedicate to one’s own health. Evidence-based information around dementia prevention was a motivator, but commonly the information was not trusted.
Discussion: Aligned with the World Health Organisation (WHO) mandate on dementia prevention, community health campaigns targeting population awareness around behaviour change and dementia risk factor reduction are urgently needed. To be successful, such campaigns will need to be accompanied by individual approaches that can overcome age-related barriers and individual differences in motivation levels, personal barriers and trust in the information received.

Citation

Bosco, A., Jones, K. A., Di Lorito, C., Stephan, B. C., Orrell, M., & Oliveira, D. (2020). Changing lifestyle for dementia risk reduction: Inductive content analysis of a national UK survey. PLoS ONE, 15(5), Article e0233039. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0233039

Journal Article Type Article
Acceptance Date May 5, 2020
Online Publication Date May 15, 2020
Publication Date May 15, 2020
Deposit Date May 12, 2020
Publicly Available Date May 15, 2020
Journal PLOS ONE
Electronic ISSN 1932-6203
Publisher Public Library of Science
Peer Reviewed Peer Reviewed
Volume 15
Issue 5
Article Number e0233039
DOI https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0233039
Keywords Dementia, older people, prevention, risk factors, beliefs, content analysis
Public URL https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/output/4422482
Publisher URL https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0233039

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