Developing highly nanoporous titanate structures via wet chemical conversion of DC magnetron sputtered titanium thin films

Wadge, Matthew D.; Turgut, Burhan; Murray, James W.; Stuart, Bryan W.; Felfel, Reda M.; Ahmed, Ifty; Grant, David M.

Abstract

© 2020 The Authors Titanate structures have been widely investigated as biomedical component surfaces due to their bioactive, osteoinductive and antibacterial properties. However, these surfaces are limited to Ti and its alloys, due to the nature of the chemical conversion employed. The authors present a new method for generating nanoporous titanate structures on alternative biomaterial surfaces, such as other metals/alloys, ceramics and polymers, to produce bioactive and/or antibacterial properties in a simple yet effective way. Wet chemical (NaOH; 5 M; 60 °C; 24 h) conversion of DC magnetron sputtered Ti surfaces on 316L stainless steel were investigated to explore effects of microstructure on sodium titanate conversion. It was found that the more equiaxed thin films (B/300) generated the thickest titanate structures (ca. 1.6 μm), which disagreed with the proposed hypothesis of columnar structures allowing greater NaOH ingress. All film parameters tested ultimately generated titanate structures, as confirmed via EDX, SEM, XPS, XRD, FTIR and Raman analyses. Additionally, the more columnar structures (NB/NH & B/NH) had a greater quantity of Na (ca. 26 at.%) in the top portion of the films, as confirmed via XPS, however, on average the Na content was consistent across the films (ca. 5–9 at.%). Film adhesion for the more columnar structures (ca. 42 MPa), even on polished substrates, were close to that of the FDA requirement for plasma-sprayed HA coatings (ca. 50 MPa). This study demonstrates the potential of these surfaces to be applied onto a wide variety of material types, even polymeric materials, due to the lower processing temperatures utilised, with the vision to generate bioactive and/or antibacterial properties on a plethora of bioinert materials.

Citation

Wadge, M. D., Turgut, B., Murray, J. W., Stuart, B. W., Felfel, R. M., Ahmed, I., & Grant, D. M. (2020). Developing highly nanoporous titanate structures via wet chemical conversion of DC magnetron sputtered titanium thin films. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 566, 271-283. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2020.01.073

• Journal Article Type: Article
• Acceptance Date: Jan 19, 2020
• Online Publication Date: Jan 22, 2020
• Publication Date: Apr 15, 2020
• Deposit Date: Nov 17, 2020
• Publicly Available Date: Nov 17, 2020
• Journal: Journal of Colloid and Interface Science
• Print ISSN: 0021-9797
• Electronic ISSN: 1095-7103
• Publisher: Elsevier
• Peer Reviewed: Peer Reviewed
• Volume: 566
• Pages: 271-283
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2020.01.073
• Keywords: Colloid and Surface Chemistry; Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials; Surfaces, Coatings and Films; Biomaterials
• Public URL: https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/output/3842262
• Publisher URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0021979720300874?via%3Dihub
• Additional Information: This article is maintained by: Elsevier; Article Title: Developing highly nanoporous titanate structures via wet chemical conversion of DC magnetron sputtered titanium thin films; Journal Title: Journal of Colloid and Interface Science; CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2020.01.073; Content Type: article; Copyright: © 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.