Loan guarantees and SMEs' investments under asymmetric information and Bayesian learning

Luo, Pengfei; Wang, Huamao; Yang, Zhaojun

Abstract

We develop a dynamic investment model with loan guarantees wherein insurers face information disadvantages and learn about borrower quality. Borrowers signal their qualities through investment timing, which is characterized by the investment threshold and elapsed time. We derive the conditions for separating or pooling equilibria. We show that the separating investment threshold is constant and determined mainly by the maximum threshold preventing mimicry. If project risk is higher (lower) than the market growth rate, the pooling investment threshold declines (increases) with elapsed time, and learning enhances (reduces) the willingness of high-quality borrowers to wait. Learning alleviates adverse selection and reduces guarantee costs. These effects are more pronounced with a greater uncertainty of the insurer on borrower quality. We reveal dual effects of waiting. The worse the market prospect, the higher the value of waiting in pooling outcomes. Fee-for-guarantee swaps are superior to equity-for-guarantee swaps in environments with marked information asymmetry.

Citation

Luo, P., Wang, H., & Yang, Z. (2024). Loan guarantees and SMEs' investments under asymmetric information and Bayesian learning. Journal of Risk and Insurance, 91(3), 567-598. https://doi.org/10.1111/jori.12485

• Journal Article Type: Article
• Acceptance Date: Jun 23, 2024
• Online Publication Date: Jul 11, 2024
• Publication Date: 2024-09
• Deposit Date: Jun 27, 2024
• Publicly Available Date: Jul 12, 2026
• Journal: Journal of Risk and Insurance
• Print ISSN: 0022-4367
• Electronic ISSN: 1539-6975
• Publisher: Wiley
• Peer Reviewed: Peer Reviewed
• Volume: 91
• Issue: 3
• Pages: 567-598
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jori.12485
• Keywords: Asymmetric information; loan guarantees; real investment; Bayesian learning; signaling game
• Public URL: https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/output/36571255
• Publisher URL: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jori.12485
• Additional Information: Received: 2023-02-17; Accepted: 2024-06-23; Published: 2024-07-11