Solid–Gas Thermochemical Energy Storage Materials and Reactors for Low to High-Temperature Applications: A Concise Review

Kur, Anti; Darkwa, Jo; Calautit, John; Boukhanouf, Rabah; Worall, Mark

Abstract

Thermochemical energy storage materials and reactors have been reviewed for a range of temperature applications. For low-temperature applications, magnesium chloride is found to be a suitable candidate at temperatures up to 100 °C, whereas calcium hydroxide is identified to be appropriate for medium-temperature storage applications, ranging from 400 °C up to 650 °C. For the high-temperature range (750–1050 °C), oxides of cobalt, manganese, and copper are found to have the redox behaviour required for thermochemical heat storage. However, some of these materials suffer from low thermal conductivities, agglomeration, and low cyclability and, therefore, require further improvements. The concept of enhancing thermal conductivities through additives such as nanomaterials has been encouraging. From an operational point of view, fluidized-bed reactors perform better than fixed- and moving-bed reactors due to better particle interactions. There is, however, a need for the reaction bed to be further developed toward achieving optimum heat and mass transfers. Agitated fluidized-bed reactors have shown encouraging results and are suggested for further exploration. A combination of appropriate computational tools can facilitate an in-depth understanding of bed dynamics.

Citation

Kur, A., Darkwa, J., Calautit, J., Boukhanouf, R., & Worall, M. (2023). Solid–Gas Thermochemical Energy Storage Materials and Reactors for Low to High-Temperature Applications: A Concise Review. Energies, 16(2), Article 756. https://doi.org/10.3390/en16020756

• Journal Article Type: Review
• Acceptance Date: Jan 4, 2023
• Online Publication Date: Jan 9, 2023
• Publication Date: 2023-01
• Deposit Date: Jan 11, 2023
• Publicly Available Date: Jan 11, 2023
• Journal: Energies
• Electronic ISSN: 1996-1073
• Publisher: MDPI
• Peer Reviewed: Peer Reviewed
• Volume: 16
• Issue: 2
• Article Number: 756
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/en16020756
• Keywords: Thermal energy storage; thermochemical energy storage; thermochemical reactors; solid–gas reactions; modelling; simulation
• Public URL: https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/output/15932051
• Publisher URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/2/756