Legumain is an independent predictor for invasive recurrence in breast ductal carcinoma in situ

Toss, Michael S.; Miligy, Islam M.; Gorringe, Kylie L.; McCaffrey, L.; Alkawaz, Abdulbaqi; Abidi, Asima; Ellis, Ian O.; Green, Andrew R.; Rakha, Emad A.

Abstract

© 2018, United States & Canadian Academy of Pathology. Legumain is a proteolytic enzyme that plays a role in the regulation of cell proliferation in invasive breast cancer. Studies evaluating its role in ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) are lacking. Here, we aimed to characterize legumain protein expression in DCIS and evaluate its prognostic significance. Legumain was assessed immunohistochemically in a tissue microarray of a well-characterized cohort of DCIS (n = 776 pure DCIS and n = 239 DCIS associated with invasive breast cancer (DCIS-mixed)). Legumain immunoreactivity was scored in tumor cells and surrounding stroma and related to clinicopathological parameters and patient outcome. High legumain expression was observed in 23% of pure DCIS and was associated with features of high-risk DCIS including higher nuclear grade, comedo necrosis, hormone receptor negativity, HER2 positivity, and higher proliferation index. Legumain expression was higher in DCIS associated with invasive breast cancer than in pure DCIS (p < 0.0001). In the DCIS-mixed cohort, the invasive component showed higher legumain expression than the DCIS component (p < 0.0001). Legumain was an independent predictor of shorter local recurrencefree interval for all recurrences (p = 0.0003) and for invasive recurrences (p = 0.002). When incorporated with other risk factors, legumain provided better patient risk stratification. High legumain expression is associated with poor prognosis in DCIS and could be a potential marker to predict DCIS progression to invasive disease.

Citation

Toss, M. S., Miligy, I. M., Gorringe, K. L., McCaffrey, L., Alkawaz, A., Abidi, A., Ellis, I. O., Green, A. R., & Rakha, E. A. (2019). Legumain is an independent predictor for invasive recurrence in breast ductal carcinoma in situ. Modern Pathology, 32, 639-649. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41379-018-0180-x

• Journal Article Type: Article
• Acceptance Date: Nov 1, 2018
• Online Publication Date: Nov 14, 2018
• Publication Date: May 1, 2019
• Deposit Date: Nov 2, 2018
• Publicly Available Date: May 15, 2019
• Journal: Modern Pathology
• Print ISSN: 0893-3952
• Electronic ISSN: 1530-0285
• Publisher: Nature Publishing Group
• Peer Reviewed: Peer Reviewed
• Volume: 32
• Pages: 639-649
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41379-018-0180-x
• Keywords: DCIS; Legumain; Poor prognosis; Invasive recurrence
• Public URL: https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/output/1220181
• Publisher URL: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41379-018-0180-x
• Contract Date: Nov 2, 2018