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Low calpain-9 is associated with adverse disease-specific survival following endocrine therapy in breast cancer (2014)
Journal Article

Background

The calpains are intracellular cysteine proteases that function in a variety of important cellular functions, including signalling, motility, apoptosis and survival. In breast cancer high calpain-1 and calpain-2 expression has been asso... Read More about Low calpain-9 is associated with adverse disease-specific survival following endocrine therapy in breast cancer.

Biological and clinical significance of PARP1 protein expression in breast cancer (2014)
Journal Article
Green, A. R., Caracappa, D., Benhasouna, A. A., Alshareeda, A., Nolan, C. C., Macmillan, R. D., …Rakha, E. A. (2015). Biological and clinical significance of PARP1 protein expression in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, 149(2), 353-362. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10549-014-3230-1

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP1) is a key facilitator of DNA repair. PARP inhibitors have gained recent attention as promising therapeutic agents for the treatment of solid tumours including breast cancer (BC). However, the biological and clinic... Read More about Biological and clinical significance of PARP1 protein expression in breast cancer.

Involvement of metformin and AMPK in the radioresponse and prognosis of luminal versus basal-like breast cancer treated with radiotherapy (2014)
Journal Article

Metformin is under evaluation as a potential anticancer agent. Expression of total and phospho(Thr172)-adenosine monophosphate-activated kinase-α (AMPKα and pAMPKα(Thr172) respectively), a main metformin target, was examined in radiotherapy treated b... Read More about Involvement of metformin and AMPK in the radioresponse and prognosis of luminal versus basal-like breast cancer treated with radiotherapy.

The TRAIL system is over-expressed in breast cancer and FLIP a marker of good prognosis (2014)
Journal Article
Ullenhag, G. J., Al-Attar, A., Mukherjee, A., Green, A. R., Ellis, I. O., & Durrant, L. G. (2015). The TRAIL system is over-expressed in breast cancer and FLIP a marker of good prognosis. Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology, 141(3), 505-514. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00432-014-1822-0

Background

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. The tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) pathway transmits apoptotic signals. Novel anticancer agents that activate this system are in clinical development, in... Read More about The TRAIL system is over-expressed in breast cancer and FLIP a marker of good prognosis.

Epithelial mesenchymal transition in early invasive breast cancer: an immunohistochemical and reverse phase protein array study (2014)
Journal Article
Aleskandarany, M. A., Negm, O. H., Green, A. R., Ahmed, M. A. H., Nolan, C. C., Tighe, P. J., …Rakha, E. A. (2014). Epithelial mesenchymal transition in early invasive breast cancer: an immunohistochemical and reverse phase protein array study. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, 145(2), 339-348. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10549-014-2927-5

Epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), as defined by loss of epithelial characteristics and gain of a mesenchymal phenotype, has been reported in vivo although the occurrence of events remains unclear. This study aims at exploration of EMT portrait... Read More about Epithelial mesenchymal transition in early invasive breast cancer: an immunohistochemical and reverse phase protein array study.

HER2/HER3 heterodimers and p21 expression are capable of predicting adjuvant trastuzumab response in HER2+ breast cancer (2014)
Journal Article
Green, A. R., Barros, F. F., Abdel-Fatah, T. M., Moseley, P., Nolan, C. C., Durham, A. C., …Ellis, I. O. (2014). HER2/HER3 heterodimers and p21 expression are capable of predicting adjuvant trastuzumab response in HER2+ breast cancer. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, 145(1), 33-44. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10549-014-2925-7

Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) plays an important role in breast cancer progression and provides predictive information for response to targeted therapy including trastuzumab although this is limited. Downstream pathways, such as PI3... Read More about HER2/HER3 heterodimers and p21 expression are capable of predicting adjuvant trastuzumab response in HER2+ breast cancer.

Human epidermal growth receptor-2 overexpressing early operable primary breast cancers in older (>=70 years) women: biology and clinical outcome in comparison with younger (less than 70 years) patients (2014)
Journal Article

Introduction: There is dearth of literature reporting the prevalence and biological characteristics as well as the long-term
clinical outcome of human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) overexpressing tumours in older women. Currently,
resea... Read More about Human epidermal growth receptor-2 overexpressing early operable primary breast cancers in older (>=70 years) women: biology and clinical outcome in comparison with younger (less than 70 years) patients.

Nottingham Prognostic Index Plus (NPI+): a modern clinical decision making tool in breast cancer (2014)
Journal Article
Rakha, E., Soria, D., Green, A. R., Lemetre, C., Powe, D. G., Nolan, C. C., …Ellis, I. O. (2014). Nottingham Prognostic Index Plus (NPI+): a modern clinical decision making tool in breast cancer. British Journal of Cancer, 110(7), https://doi.org/10.1038/bjc.2014.120

Current management of breast cancer (BC) relies on risk stratification based on well-defined clinicopathologic factors. Global gene expression profiling studies have demonstrated that BC comprises distinct molecular classes with clinical relevance. I... Read More about Nottingham Prognostic Index Plus (NPI+): a modern clinical decision making tool in breast cancer.

SUMOylation proteins in breast cancer (2014)
Journal Article
Alshareeda, A. T., Negm, O. H., Green, A. R., Nolan, C., Tighe, P., Albarakati, N., …Rakha, E. A. (2014). SUMOylation proteins in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, 144(3), 519-530. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10549-014-2897-7

Small Ubiquitin-like Modifier proteins (or SUMO) modify the function of protein substrates involved in various cellular processes including DNA damage response (DDR). It is becoming apparent that dysregulated SUMO contribute to carcinogenesis by affe... Read More about SUMOylation proteins in breast cancer.

Characterisation of HER heterodimers in breast cancer using in situ proximity ligation assay (2014)
Journal Article
Barros, F. F., Abdel-Fatah, T. M., Moseley, P., Nolan, C. C., Durham, A. C., Rakha, E. A., …Green, A. R. (2014). Characterisation of HER heterodimers in breast cancer using in situ proximity ligation assay. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, 144(2), 273-285. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10549-014-2871-4

HER2 plays an important role in breast cancer progression and provides predictive and prognostic information. HER2 receptor family members function through dimerisation, which can lead to impact on cell function, growth and differentiation; however,... Read More about Characterisation of HER heterodimers in breast cancer using in situ proximity ligation assay.