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Prognostic significance of androgen receptor expression in invasive breast cancer: transcriptomic and protein expression analysis (2016)
Journal Article
Aleskandarany, M. A., Abduljabbar, R., Ashankyty, I., Elmouna, A., Jerjees, D., Ali, S., …Rakha, E. A. (2016). Prognostic significance of androgen receptor expression in invasive breast cancer: transcriptomic and protein expression analysis. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, 159(2), 215-227. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10549-016-3934-5

Differential prognostic roles of Androgen Receptor (AR) have been proposed in breast cancer (BC) depending on tumour oestrogen receptor (ER) status. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic and/or predictive significance of AR expression in invasi... Read More about Prognostic significance of androgen receptor expression in invasive breast cancer: transcriptomic and protein expression analysis.

Impact of intratumoural heterogeneity on the assessment of Ki67 expression in breast cancer (2016)
Journal Article
Aleskandarany, M. A., Green, A. R., Ashankyty, I., Elmouna, A., Diez-Rodriguez, M., Nolan, C. C., …Rakha, E. (in press). Impact of intratumoural heterogeneity on the assessment of Ki67 expression in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, 158(2), https://doi.org/10.1007/s10549-016-3893-x

In breast cancer (BC), the prognostic value of Ki67 expression is well-documented. Intratumoural heterogeneity (ITH) of Ki67 expression is amongst the several technical issues behind the lag of its inclusion into BC prognostic work-up. The immunohist... Read More about Impact of intratumoural heterogeneity on the assessment of Ki67 expression in breast cancer.

MYC functions are specific in biological subtypes of breast cancer and confers resistance to endocrine therapy in luminal tumours (2016)
Journal Article
Green, A. R., Aleskandarany, M. A., Agarwal, D., Elsheikh, S., Nolan, C. C., Diez-Rodriguez, M., …Rakha, E. A. (2016). MYC functions are specific in biological subtypes of breast cancer and confers resistance to endocrine therapy in luminal tumours. British Journal of Cancer, 114(8), 917-928. https://doi.org/10.1038/bjc.2016.46

Background:

MYC is amplified in approximately 15% of breast cancers (BCs) and is associated with poor outcome. c-MYC protein is multi-faceted and participates in many aspects of cellular function and is linked with therapeutic response in BCs. We... Read More about MYC functions are specific in biological subtypes of breast cancer and confers resistance to endocrine therapy in luminal tumours.

The prognostic significance of STAT3 in invasive breast cancer: analysis of protein and mRNA expressions in large cohorts (2016)
Journal Article
Aleskandarany, M. A., Agarwal, D., Negm, O. H., Ball, G., Elmouna, A., Ashankyty, I., …Rakha, E. A. (2016). The prognostic significance of STAT3 in invasive breast cancer: analysis of protein and mRNA expressions in large cohorts. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, 156(1), 9-20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10549-016-3709-z

Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) transcription factors family are involved in diverse cellular biological functions. Reports regarding the prognostic impact of STAT3 expression in breast cancer (BC) are variable whether being a... Read More about The prognostic significance of STAT3 in invasive breast cancer: analysis of protein and mRNA expressions in large cohorts.

RECQL4 helicase has oncogenic potential in sporadic breast cancers (2016)
Journal Article
Arora, A., Agarwal, D., Abdel-Fatah, T. M., Lu, H., Croteau, D. L., Moseley, P., …Madhusudan, S. (2016). RECQL4 helicase has oncogenic potential in sporadic breast cancers. Journal of Pathology, 238(4), 495-501. https://doi.org/10.1002/path.4681

RECQL4 helicase is a molecular motor that unwinds DNA, a process essential during DNA replication and DNA repair. Germ-line mutations in RECQL4 cause type II Rothmund–Thomson syndrome (RTS), characterized by a premature ageing phenotype and cancer pr... Read More about RECQL4 helicase has oncogenic potential in sporadic breast cancers.

Bimodality of intratumor Ki67 expression is an independent prognostic factor of overall survival in patients with invasive breast carcinoma (2016)
Journal Article
Laurinavicius, A., Plancoulaine, B., Rasmusson, A., Besusparis, J., Augulis, R., Meskauskas, R., …Ellis, I. O. (2016). Bimodality of intratumor Ki67 expression is an independent prognostic factor of overall survival in patients with invasive breast carcinoma. Virchows Archiv, 468(4), 493-502. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00428-016-1907-z

Proliferative activity, assessed by Ki67 immunohistochemistry (IHC), is an established prognostic and predictive biomarker of breast cancer (BC). However, it remains under-utilized due to lack of standardized robust measurement methodologies and sign... Read More about Bimodality of intratumor Ki67 expression is an independent prognostic factor of overall survival in patients with invasive breast carcinoma.

Clinical utility of reverse phase protein array for molecular classification of breast cancer (2015)
Journal Article
Negm, O. H., Muftah, A. A., Aleskandarany, M. A., Hamed, M. R., Ahmad, D. A., Nolan, C. C., …Green, A. R. (2016). Clinical utility of reverse phase protein array for molecular classification of breast cancer. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, 155(1), 25-35. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10549-015-3654-2

Reverse Phase Protein Array (RPPA) represents a sensitive and high-throughput technique allowing simultaneous quantitation of protein expression levels in biological samples. This study aimed to confirm the ability of RPPA to classify archival formal... Read More about Clinical utility of reverse phase protein array for molecular classification of breast cancer.

Chk1 phosphorylated at serine345 is a predictor of early local recurrence and radio-resistance in breast cancer (2015)
Journal Article
Alsubhi, N., Middleton, F., Abdel-Fatah, T. M., Stephens, P., Doherty, R., Arora, A., …Madhusudan, S. (2016). Chk1 phosphorylated at serine345 is a predictor of early local recurrence and radio-resistance in breast cancer. Molecular Oncology, 10(2), 213-223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molonc.2015.09.009

Radiation‐induced DNA damage activates the DNA damage response (DDR). DDR up‐regulation may predict radio‐resistance and increase the risk of early local recurrence despite radiotherapy in early stage breast cancers. In 1755 early stage breast cancer... Read More about Chk1 phosphorylated at serine345 is a predictor of early local recurrence and radio-resistance in breast cancer.

Construction of tissue microarrays from core needle biopsies: a systematic literature review (2015)
Journal Article
Albanghali, M., Green, A., Rakha, E., Aleskandarany, M., Nolan, C., Ellis, I., & Cheung, K.-L. (2016). Construction of tissue microarrays from core needle biopsies: a systematic literature review. Histopathology, 68(3), 323-332. https://doi.org/10.1111/his.12802

In some clinical circumstances, core needle biopsy (CNB) may be the only source of material from cancer tissue for diagnostic use. The volume of tissue available in a CNB is low, and opportunities for research use can therefore be limited. The tissue... Read More about Construction of tissue microarrays from core needle biopsies: a systematic literature review.

The pioneer factor PBX1 is a novel driver of metastatic progression in ERα-positive breast cancer (2015)
Journal Article
Magnani, L., Patten, D. K., Nguyen, V. T. M., Hong, S.-P., Steel, J. H., Patel, N., …Coombes, C. R. (2015). The pioneer factor PBX1 is a novel driver of metastatic progression in ERα-positive breast cancer. Oncotarget, 6(26), 21878-21891. https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.4243

Over 30% of ERα breast cancer patients develop relapses and progress to metastatic disease despite treatment with endocrine therapies. The pioneer factor PBX1 translates epigenetic cues and mediates estrogen induced ERα binding. Here we demonstrate t... Read More about The pioneer factor PBX1 is a novel driver of metastatic progression in ERα-positive breast cancer.

The mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) in breast cancer: the impact of oestrogen receptor and HER2 pathways (2015)
Journal Article
Jerjees, D. A., Negm, O. H., Alabdullah, M. L., Mirza, S., Alkaabi, M., Hameed, M. R., …Rakha, E. A. (2015). The mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) in breast cancer: the impact of oestrogen receptor and HER2 pathways. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, 150(1), 91-103. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10549-015-3308-4

The mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is a downstream of the PI3K/Akt pathway which affects cancer development. mTORC1 has many downstream signalling effectors that can enhance different cellular responses. This study aims to investiga... Read More about The mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) in breast cancer: the impact of oestrogen receptor and HER2 pathways.

DNA damage response markers are differentially expressed in BRCA-mutated breast cancers (2015)
Journal Article
Aleskandarany, M., Caracappa, D., Nolan, C. C., Macmillan, R. D., Ellis, I. O., Rakha, E. A., & Green, A. R. (2015). DNA damage response markers are differentially expressed in BRCA-mutated breast cancers. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, 150(1), 81-90. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10549-015-3306-6

Cells have stringent DNA repair pathways that are specific for each different set of DNA lesions which is accomplished through the integration of complex array of proteins. However, BRCA-mutated breast cancer (BC) has defective DNA repair mechanisms.... Read More about DNA damage response markers are differentially expressed in BRCA-mutated breast cancers.

Transcriptomic and protein expression analysis reveals clinicopathological significance of bloom syndrome helicase (BLM) in breast cancer (2015)
Journal Article
Arora, A., Abdel-Fatah, T., Agarwal, D., Doherty, R., Moseley, P. M., Aleskandarany, M. A., …Madhusudan, S. (2015). Transcriptomic and protein expression analysis reveals clinicopathological significance of bloom syndrome helicase (BLM) in breast cancer. Molecular Cancer Therapeutics, 14(4), https://doi.org/10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-14-0939

Bloom syndrome helicase (BLM) has key roles in homologous recombination repair, telomere maintenance, and DNA replication. Germ-line mutations in the BLM gene causes Bloom syndrome, a rare disorder characterized by premature aging and predisposition... Read More about Transcriptomic and protein expression analysis reveals clinicopathological significance of bloom syndrome helicase (BLM) in breast cancer.

Low calpain-9 is associated with adverse disease-specific survival following endocrine therapy in breast cancer (2014)
Journal Article

Background

The calpains are intracellular cysteine proteases that function in a variety of important cellular functions, including signalling, motility, apoptosis and survival. In breast cancer high calpain-1 and calpain-2 expression has been asso... Read More about Low calpain-9 is associated with adverse disease-specific survival following endocrine therapy in breast cancer.

Biological and clinical significance of PARP1 protein expression in breast cancer (2014)
Journal Article
Green, A. R., Caracappa, D., Benhasouna, A. A., Alshareeda, A., Nolan, C. C., Macmillan, R. D., …Rakha, E. A. (2015). Biological and clinical significance of PARP1 protein expression in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, 149(2), 353-362. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10549-014-3230-1

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP1) is a key facilitator of DNA repair. PARP inhibitors have gained recent attention as promising therapeutic agents for the treatment of solid tumours including breast cancer (BC). However, the biological and clinic... Read More about Biological and clinical significance of PARP1 protein expression in breast cancer.

Involvement of metformin and AMPK in the radioresponse and prognosis of luminal versus basal-like breast cancer treated with radiotherapy (2014)
Journal Article

Metformin is under evaluation as a potential anticancer agent. Expression of total and phospho(Thr172)-adenosine monophosphate-activated kinase-α (AMPKα and pAMPKα(Thr172) respectively), a main metformin target, was examined in radiotherapy treated b... Read More about Involvement of metformin and AMPK in the radioresponse and prognosis of luminal versus basal-like breast cancer treated with radiotherapy.

Epithelial mesenchymal transition in early invasive breast cancer: an immunohistochemical and reverse phase protein array study (2014)
Journal Article
Aleskandarany, M. A., Negm, O. H., Green, A. R., Ahmed, M. A. H., Nolan, C. C., Tighe, P. J., …Rakha, E. A. (2014). Epithelial mesenchymal transition in early invasive breast cancer: an immunohistochemical and reverse phase protein array study. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, 145(2), 339-348. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10549-014-2927-5

Epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), as defined by loss of epithelial characteristics and gain of a mesenchymal phenotype, has been reported in vivo although the occurrence of events remains unclear. This study aims at exploration of EMT portrait... Read More about Epithelial mesenchymal transition in early invasive breast cancer: an immunohistochemical and reverse phase protein array study.

HER2/HER3 heterodimers and p21 expression are capable of predicting adjuvant trastuzumab response in HER2+ breast cancer (2014)
Journal Article
Green, A. R., Barros, F. F., Abdel-Fatah, T. M., Moseley, P., Nolan, C. C., Durham, A. C., …Ellis, I. O. (2014). HER2/HER3 heterodimers and p21 expression are capable of predicting adjuvant trastuzumab response in HER2+ breast cancer. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, 145(1), 33-44. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10549-014-2925-7

Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) plays an important role in breast cancer progression and provides predictive information for response to targeted therapy including trastuzumab although this is limited. Downstream pathways, such as PI3... Read More about HER2/HER3 heterodimers and p21 expression are capable of predicting adjuvant trastuzumab response in HER2+ breast cancer.

Nottingham Prognostic Index Plus (NPI+): a modern clinical decision making tool in breast cancer (2014)
Journal Article
Rakha, E., Soria, D., Green, A. R., Lemetre, C., Powe, D. G., Nolan, C. C., …Ellis, I. O. (2014). Nottingham Prognostic Index Plus (NPI+): a modern clinical decision making tool in breast cancer. British Journal of Cancer, 110(7), https://doi.org/10.1038/bjc.2014.120

Current management of breast cancer (BC) relies on risk stratification based on well-defined clinicopathologic factors. Global gene expression profiling studies have demonstrated that BC comprises distinct molecular classes with clinical relevance. I... Read More about Nottingham Prognostic Index Plus (NPI+): a modern clinical decision making tool in breast cancer.