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An experimental demonstration of neuromorphic sensing of chemical species using electro-optical reservoir computing (2024)
Journal Article
Anufriev, G., Furniss, D., Farries, M. C., Seddon, A. B., & Phang, S. (2024). An experimental demonstration of neuromorphic sensing of chemical species using electro-optical reservoir computing. Scientific Reports, 14(1), Article 27915. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-79395-y

A chemical discrimination system based on photonic reservoir computing is demonstrated experimentally for the first time. The system is inspired by the way humans perceive and process visual sensory information. The electro-optical reservoir computin... Read More about An experimental demonstration of neuromorphic sensing of chemical species using electro-optical reservoir computing.

Experimental and numerical validation of tape-based metasurfaces in guiding high-frequency surface waves for efficient power transfer (2024)
Journal Article
Suzuki, K., Dang, P. T., Homma, H., Fathnan, A. A., Ashikaga, Y., Tsuchiya, Y., Phang, S., & Wakatsuchi, H. (2024). Experimental and numerical validation of tape-based metasurfaces in guiding high-frequency surface waves for efficient power transfer. Applied Physics Letters, 125(18), Article 181701. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0226667

We present an effective method for transmitting electromagnetic waves as surface waves with a tape-based metasurface design. This design incorporates silver square patches periodically patterned on an adhesive tape substrate. Specifically, our study... Read More about Experimental and numerical validation of tape-based metasurfaces in guiding high-frequency surface waves for efficient power transfer.

Assessment of the performance of fibre optic sensor designs based on two FBGs (2024)
Journal Article
Palmowski, J., Barczak, K., Kubicka, N., Gołek, F., Benson, L., Maciak, E., Pustelny, T., Phang, S., Benson, T., & Bereś-Pawlik, E. (2024). Assessment of the performance of fibre optic sensor designs based on two FBGs. Optical and Quantum Electronics, 56(7), Article 1129. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-024-07067-2

The paper presents, and compares the performance of, two optical sensing systems each based on a combination of two fibre Bragg gratings (FBGs) and where a simple measurement of transmitted or reflected power provides an alternative to specialist int... Read More about Assessment of the performance of fibre optic sensor designs based on two FBGs.

Improved Numerical Estimation Method for Surface Wave Attenuation on Metasurfaces (2024)
Journal Article
Suzuki, K., Dang, P. T., Homma, H., Fathnan, A. A., Phang, S., & Wakatsuchi, H. (2024). Improved Numerical Estimation Method for Surface Wave Attenuation on Metasurfaces. Advanced Theory and Simulations, 7(6), Article 2301173. https://doi.org/10.1002/adts.202301173

Comprehensive numerical tools to investigate and analyze the surface wave attenuation on a metasurface waveguide that consists of periodic patches deposited on a dielectric substrate are presented. The surface wave attenuation is evaluated in both wa... Read More about Improved Numerical Estimation Method for Surface Wave Attenuation on Metasurfaces.

Simulation of a Sensitive Mid-infrared (MIR) D-Shaped Optical Fiber Water Pollutant Sensor (2023)
Journal Article
Younis, B. M., Dawood, N. Y. M., Abd-Elkader, A. E.-S., Furniss, D., Farries, M., Phang, S., Benson, T. M., Seddon, A. B., Hameed, M. F. O., & Obayya, S. S. A. (2024). Simulation of a Sensitive Mid-infrared (MIR) D-Shaped Optical Fiber Water Pollutant Sensor. Plasmonics, 19(4), 1823-1838. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11468-023-02110-6

In this work, an efficient optical sensor is proposed for the sensitive detection of various pollutants in water. The suggested optical sensor is based on an indium fluoride (InF3) glass fabricated as a D-shaped optical fiber. The polished surface of... Read More about Simulation of a Sensitive Mid-infrared (MIR) D-Shaped Optical Fiber Water Pollutant Sensor.

10 GHz Low Loss Liquid Metal SIW Phase Shifter for Phased Array Antennas (2023)
Journal Article
Alkaraki, S., Lin, Q. W., Borja, A. L., Wang, Z., Wong, H., Tang, S., Wang, Y., & Kelly, J. R. (2023). 10 GHz Low Loss Liquid Metal SIW Phase Shifter for Phased Array Antennas. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 71(11), 5045 -5059. https://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.2023.3308160

This article presents a proof of concept demonstrator for a pair of novel phase shifters based on substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technology. Gallium-based liquid metal (LM) is used to reconfigure each phase shifter. This article presents LM pha... Read More about 10 GHz Low Loss Liquid Metal SIW Phase Shifter for Phased Array Antennas.

Mid-infrared water pollutant sensor based on SPR-PCF (2023)
Journal Article
Gamal, Y., Younis, B. M., Abd-Elkader, A. E.-S., Furniss, D., Farries, M., Phang, S., Benson, T. M., Seddon, A. B., Hameed, M. F. O., & Obayya, S. S. A. (2023). Mid-infrared water pollutant sensor based on SPR-PCF. Optical and Quantum Electronics, 55(11), Article 966. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-023-05207-8

In this paper, a highly sensitive water pollutant optical sensor is proposed and analyzed. The suggested sensor consists of photonic crystal fiber with a core surrounded by four elliptical holes infiltrated with the studied analyte (pure/polluted wat... Read More about Mid-infrared water pollutant sensor based on SPR-PCF.

Circuits and Antennas Incorporating Gallium-Based Liquid Metal (2023)
Journal Article
Wu, Y.-W., Alkaraki, S., Tang, S.-Y., Wang, Y., & Kelly, J. R. (2023). Circuits and Antennas Incorporating Gallium-Based Liquid Metal. Proceedings of the IEEE, 111(8), 955-977. https://doi.org/10.1109/JPROC.2023.3285400

This article reviews the application and technology advancement of gallium (Ga)-based liquid metal (LM) in high-frequency circuits and antennas. It discusses the material properties of common LMs, the fluidic channels used to contain LM and their man... Read More about Circuits and Antennas Incorporating Gallium-Based Liquid Metal.

Photonic reservoir computing enabled by stimulated Brillouin scattering (2023)
Journal Article
Phang, S. (2023). Photonic reservoir computing enabled by stimulated Brillouin scattering. Optics Express, 31(13), 22061-22074. https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.489057

Artificial intelligence (AI) drives the creation of future technologies that disrupt the way humans live and work, creating new solutions that change the way we approach tasks and activities, but it requires a lot of data processing, large amounts of... Read More about Photonic reservoir computing enabled by stimulated Brillouin scattering.

Continuous Beam Steering Realized by Tunable Ground in a Patch Antenna (2023)
Journal Article
Qu, Z., Zhou, Y., Alkaraki, S., Kelly, J. R., & Gao, Y. (2023). Continuous Beam Steering Realized by Tunable Ground in a Patch Antenna. IEEE Access, 11, 4095-4104. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3235597

A continuously steerable patch antenna employing liquid metal is presented. The proposed antenna employs a novel tunable ground plane together with parasitic steering to steer the direction of the main beam. The tunable ground plane consists of a per... Read More about Continuous Beam Steering Realized by Tunable Ground in a Patch Antenna.

A Reconfigurable Microstrip Patch Antenna With Switchable Liquid-Metal Ground Plane (2022)
Journal Article
Qu, Z., Kelly, J. R., Wang, Z., Alkaraki, S., & Gao, Y. (2023). A Reconfigurable Microstrip Patch Antenna With Switchable Liquid-Metal Ground Plane. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 22(5), 1045-1049. https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2022.3231872

This letter presents a novel reconfigurable microstrip patch antenna that is reconfigured using liquid metal. The proposed antenna employs two approaches in unison to switch the direction of the main beam. Specifically, the antenna uses the parasitic... Read More about A Reconfigurable Microstrip Patch Antenna With Switchable Liquid-Metal Ground Plane.

A Wideband Circularly Polarized Antenna Based on Anisotropic Metamaterial (2022)
Journal Article
Lin, Q.-W., Alkaraki, S., Wong, H., & Kelly, J. R. (2023). A Wideband Circularly Polarized Antenna Based on Anisotropic Metamaterial. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 71(2), 1254-1262. https://doi.org/10.1109/tap.2022.3225157

This article presents a novel circularly polarized (CP) antenna based on an anisotropic metamaterial. The antenna is capable of performing linear-to-circular polarization conversion over a wideband of frequencies in the X-band (8-12 GHz). The propose... Read More about A Wideband Circularly Polarized Antenna Based on Anisotropic Metamaterial.

Smart Surface Radio Environments (2022)
Journal Article
Gradoni, G., Di Renzo, M., Diaz-Rubio, A., Tretyakov, S., Caloz, C., Peng, Z., Alu, A., Lerosey, G., Fink, M., Galdi, V., Jun Cui, T., Frazier, B., Anlage, S., Salucci, M., Massa, A., Cheng, Q., Wang, J., Jin, S., Dardari, D., Decarli, N., …Phang, S. (2022). Smart Surface Radio Environments. Reviews of Electromagnetics, 1, 1-42. https://doi.org/10.53792/roe/2022.1/21012

This Roadmap takes the reader on a journey through the research in electromagnetic wave propagation control via reconfigurable intelligent surfaces. Metasurface modelling and design methods are reviewed along with physical realisation techniques. Sev... Read More about Smart Surface Radio Environments.

Techniques for Designing High Gain and Two‐Dimensional Beam Scanning Antennas for 5 G (2022)
Book Chapter
Mittra, R., Nasri, A., Arya, R. K., Chaudhary, P., Ketty, J. R., ALkaraki, S., & Borja, A. L. (2022). Techniques for Designing High Gain and Two‐Dimensional Beam Scanning Antennas for 5 G. In Y. Jay Guo, & R. W. Ziolkowski (Eds.), Antenna and Array Technologies for Future Wireless Ecosystems (43-82). Wiley-IEEE Press. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119813910.ch2

This chapter presents a number of novel concepts for designing antenna arrays, which achieve high gain levels together with wide-angle scan capability. It begins with the Luneburg lens antenna, which supports beam scanning over a very wide angular ra... Read More about Techniques for Designing High Gain and Two‐Dimensional Beam Scanning Antennas for 5 G.

Non-spectroscopic sensing enabled by an electro-optical reservoir computer (2022)
Journal Article
Anufriev, G., Furniss, D., Farries, M., & Phang, S. (2022). Non-spectroscopic sensing enabled by an electro-optical reservoir computer. Optical Materials Express, 12(5), 1767-1783. https://doi.org/10.1364/OME.449036

A fully bio-inspired apparatus to perform non-spectroscopic sensing to discriminate and determine the constituent concentrations of a chemical mixture is proposed. Here, fully bio-inspired means that it is comprised of a biomimetic sensor and a neuro... Read More about Non-spectroscopic sensing enabled by an electro-optical reservoir computer.

The optical reservoir computer: a new approach to a programmable integrated optics system based on an artificial neural network (2020)
Book Chapter
Phang, S., Sewell, P. D., Vukovic, A., & Benson, T. M. (2020). The optical reservoir computer: a new approach to a programmable integrated optics system based on an artificial neural network. In G. C. Righini, & M. Ferrari (Eds.), Integrated Optics Volume 2: Characterization, devices and applications (361-380). Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET). https://doi.org/10.1049/pbcs077g_ch12

In this chapter, we briefly reviewed some developments in the field of integrated optics since Miller first introduced this concept, noting some approaches to optimise structures based on functional performance criteria. Chapter Contents: • 12.1 Intr... Read More about The optical reservoir computer: a new approach to a programmable integrated optics system based on an artificial neural network.

Gallium-Based Liquid Metal Substrate Integrated Waveguide Switches (2020)
Journal Article
Alkaraki, S., Kelly, J., Borja, A. L., Mittra, R., & Wang, Y. (2021). Gallium-Based Liquid Metal Substrate Integrated Waveguide Switches. IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, 31(3), 257-260. https://doi.org/10.1109/LMWC.2020.3040795

This letter presents a new approach for reconfiguring substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) devices. It involves allowing or prohibiting the wave propagation by using a removable wall which is built from a series of drill holes. When the wall is requi... Read More about Gallium-Based Liquid Metal Substrate Integrated Waveguide Switches.

Pseudo‐Waveform‐Selective Metasurfaces and their Limited Performance (2020)
Journal Article
Nakasha, T., Phang, S., & Wakatsuchi, H. (2021). Pseudo‐Waveform‐Selective Metasurfaces and their Limited Performance. Advanced Theory and Simulations, 4(1), Article 2000187. https://doi.org/10.1002/adts.202000187

Abstract In recent years, metasurfaces composed of lumped circuit components, including nonlinear Schottky diodes, have been reported to be capable of sensing particular electromagnetic waves even at the same frequency depending on their waveforms, o... Read More about Pseudo‐Waveform‐Selective Metasurfaces and their Limited Performance.

3D-printed millimetre-wave antennas with spray-coated metalization (2020)
Book Chapter
Alkaraki, S., Kelly, J., & Yue Gao. (2020). 3D-printed millimetre-wave antennas with spray-coated metalization. In Q. H. Abbasi, S. Fizzah Jilani, A. Alomainy, & M. Ali Imran (Eds.), Antennas and Propagation for 5G and Beyond (67-99). Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET). https://doi.org/10.1049/pbte093e_ch4

This chapter is concerned with corrugated plate antennas. The corrugated plate antennas, presented here, consist of a resonant slot formed within a metallic plate. The resonant slot is surrounded by a rectangular cavity and corrugations. Subwavelengt... Read More about 3D-printed millimetre-wave antennas with spray-coated metalization.

High aperture efficient slot antenna surrounded by the cavity and narrow corrugations at Ka‐band and Ku‐band (2018)
Journal Article
Alkaraki, S., Gao, Y., & Parini, C. (2018). High aperture efficient slot antenna surrounded by the cavity and narrow corrugations at Ka‐band and Ku‐band. IET Microwaves, Antennas and Propagation, 12(12), 1926-1931. https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-map.2018.0060

A design criterion for a small, compact, high-aperture-efficient antenna is proposed in this study. The proposed criterion is validated experimentally through fabricating and testing two prototypes for Ku-band and Ka-band applications. The proposed a... Read More about High aperture efficient slot antenna surrounded by the cavity and narrow corrugations at Ka‐band and Ku‐band.