Hybrid Events: Mediating Collocated Participation

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Introduction
For years, the CSCW community has sought to improve collocated large events -such as conferences, seminars, classes, festivals -through allowing spectators to participate in the creation of content for the event [3,6,9,14]. These tools, often called "backchannels" or "audience interaction systems", have provided the audience a mediated channel to support their participation. Previous work has shown that these technologies redistribute agency and power in events [3,6] and allow for new forms of communication to emerge [5,14,16,22]. However, the focus in the research of these tools has often been only in mediated communication only [6,16] or researchers have exhibited a separation of physical and digital interaction [22]. This workshops invites researchers to revisit this distinction. Instead of analyzing mediated communication separate from the event, we call for analysis of hybrid events, highlighting changes in the communication channels, user roles and event design brought by the technology.
Beyond a scientific motive to improve conceptual tools to study this phenomena, this workshop addresses changes in the technology landscape that has made audience participation easier. Compared with the previous research, today the pervasiveness of smart devices have made it simple and easy to integrate audience participation tools into events, and therefore, allow audience participation. As a result, several commercial services 1 now exist allowing event organizers to rapidly and easily take these kind of tools into use. This development demands a change in the research focus: instead of showing that this can be done, the research can now study emerging uses of these technologies not aided by the researchers. This means that the research should be moving from research prototypes to research product [18]. To support academics in this transition, we believe that future research on this area must reflect aspects such as the emerging social practices or it should focus on improving socio-technical designs of existing systems. To direct the research towards these areas, this workshop seeks to develop a research agenda with conceptual frameworks and research strategies which together will direct academic studies further.
Therefore, this workshop addresses the challenge of technical landscape transformation (i.e., availability of commercial services) through exploring what are the best concepts and theoretical tools available to study social practices and socio-technical designs in hybrid events. Understanding these forms of events is critical as they are a prime example of "same time and place" -quadrant. This become increasingly popular in use, but has seen limited work in the CSCW scholarship [25]. The scarcity of the research further highlights the need for this kind of work and we hope, will drive forward other work in same time and place quadrant.

Previous work
Beyond meetings, seminars, workshops and conferences [9,14,15] and classrooms [6,5,4,8,24,23], technological augmentation of participation have been proposed to other contexts, including artistic performances [2,10] and sports events [10,21]. This shows that these ideas can be used in various contexts, which can only loosely be defined as events. The overall aim in this increasing body of literature is to support live collocated events through technologies which mediated communication and examine the emergence of hybrid events, where both mediated and non-mediated interaction is used to support the event organization and create a venue for development of mutual understanding. This workshop limits its attention to large events, as they provide a specific social context where the interaction occurs and clearer social roles for participants in terms of maintaining the events [7]. Examples of such events include conferences, seminars, classes, festivals. This decisions makes the scope of workshop different from generic collocated situations -already addressed [12,13].
One aspect in emerging from the particular social context of large events -currently dominant also on the literature on this topic -is distinction of the audience and performers. However, this distinction has been challenged in the studies of interaction as performance, which has focused blended roles, such as audience members who also are actors; spect-actors [11]. This type of changes in events have implications to the social dynamics and must be revisited in the system design.
The distinction of audience and performers is not the only distinction used in the research; researchers still consider mediated event participation through two separated communication channels: digital and physical [6,14,22]. However, what if these channels are considered intertwined manner? Remote collaborative work in small groups can become blended interaction if necessarily effort is put into the configuration of the equipment and spaces [1,19]. Similarly, performers can through their actions seek to integrate both channels to establish one shared performance [15]. These changes may require further facilitation from technologies.
Finally, the previous work of these systems and events does not often have a clear aim for system deployment. However, more recent scholarship has argued that systems can have scaffolding to invite different aims during an event and even focused on changing the use case for the systems during an event [15,23]. Through these stages, it becomes clear that attempts to participate using mediated technology are value-driven [17] and the values present should be further discussed.

Topics of the workshop
The workshop papers are invited to consider topics of hybrid events through empirical or experimental case studies, design research or literature reviews and other theoretical approaches. Topics of the workshop include: • How should we research and understand hybrid events?
-How do we study multichannel events where interaction takes place across channels?
-What kind of analytic orientations can be successfully applied to understand participant interactions?
• How we evaluate the success of events?
-How can we support the creation of hybrid events?
-How do we generate an understanding of the practices to be supported with hybrid interaction technology?
-How do we design "the right system(s)" to support hybrid interaction appropriately?
• What kind of technologies (e.g., input modalities and systems) can be used to address these topics?
-How can novel technologies like machine learning, autonomous agents, voice interfaces, and the Internet of Things help in the creation of hybrid events?
-How do the emerging practices inform the design of these systems?
-What kind of novel roles emerge in the hybrid events?
-How do people organize and manage the complexities of hybrid events?
-What challenges and benefits hybrid events have for participants?

Workshop activities
This one day workshop will have both pre-workshop and post-workshop plans and a structured collaborative program for the one day activity. We request two projectors to facilitate the use of audience participation tools during the workshop; we will bring other equipment needed to the conference.

Pre-Workshop Activities
Each participant writes a short position paper outlining their work on this topic. We would suggest that each paper makes a contribution to at least two problem types within human-computer interaction [20]: empirical problems, conceptual problems and constructive problems. Therefore, the workshop papers address not only problems but highlight also relationships between problem types. The papers are shared among the participants before the workshop. Before the workshop the organizing committee will identify papers' problem types for further addressing them in the workshop and structure the workshop activities of these workshops.
Workshop Schedule 9am -11:30am We will introduce the schedule of the workshop and overall topic and approaches. Each participant presents their paper and any issues requiring clarification are addressed. This part of the workshop will be a hybrid event: an audience participation tool is used to further collect articulations of empirical, conceptual and constructive problems in a collaborative way.

11.30am -1pm Lunch break
1pm -3.30pm Elaborating the research problems and design space in small groups using the World Café method 2 . Small groups are organized in accordance to the research problem types and each small group discusses the topics and aims to categorize and extend the research problems presented. The group work is facilitated by organizing committee and per world café process, the groups are changed so that each participant contributes to every research problem type.

3.30pm -5pm
Each research problem type is discussed together, summarized and main observations and challenges are outlined. Based on these, a research agenda starts to emerge. Finally, the next steps are discussed and agreed together with the workshop participants.

Post-Workshop Plans
Depending on participants' interest, an opportunity to co-author a research agenda paper and develop a special issue on this topic are potential venues to continue working on this topic.

Participants
We will allow a maximum of 25 participants. We will select the workshop participants based on the participants' position papers.
The workshop call will be shared in major email distribution lists for both HCI community (such as chi-announcements) and to email lists on fields closely related to this topic (such as AoIR). Furthermore, we will contact authors of recent papers in ACM SIGCHI sponsored conferences relevant to the workshop themes will be contacted.