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Exploring the Utilisation of Natural Biosorbents for Effective Methylene Blue Removal (2023)
Journal Article
Güleç, F., Williams, O., Samson, A., Kostas, E., Stevens, L. A., & Lester, E. (2023). Exploring the Utilisation of Natural Biosorbents for Effective Methylene Blue Removal. Applied Sciences, 14(1), Article 81. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14010081

This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the adsorbent capacity of five distinctly different biosorbents derived from untreated biomasses. The optimal adsorption capacity of seaweed (Laminaria digitata), horse chestnut husk, hazelnut husk, rap... Read More about Exploring the Utilisation of Natural Biosorbents for Effective Methylene Blue Removal.

Impacts of multi-pollutants on sulfonamide antibiotic removal from water matrices using layered double hydroxide sorbents (2023)
Journal Article
Johnston, A., Lester, E., Williams, O., & Gomes, R. L. (2024). Impacts of multi-pollutants on sulfonamide antibiotic removal from water matrices using layered double hydroxide sorbents. Environmental Technology and Innovation, 33, Article 103490. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eti.2023.103490

Remediation of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) present in the aqueous environment requires the development of new advanced wastewater treatment technologies, crucial to reduce the toxicity of such pollutants to the environment, supporting urban water reuse. C... Read More about Impacts of multi-pollutants on sulfonamide antibiotic removal from water matrices using layered double hydroxide sorbents.

Thermochemical behavior of agricultural and industrial sugarcane residues for bioenergy applications (2023)
Journal Article
Guerrero-Perez, J., Martinez-Mendoza, K., Barraza-Burgos, J., Forero, C. R., Williams, O., Lester, E., & Gil, N. (2023). Thermochemical behavior of agricultural and industrial sugarcane residues for bioenergy applications. Bioengineered, 14(1), Article 2283264. https://doi.org/10.1080/21655979.2023.2283264

The Colombian sugarcane industry yields significant residues, categorized as agricultural and industrial. While bagasse, a widely studied industrial residue, is employed for energy recovery through combustion, agricultural residues are often left in... Read More about Thermochemical behavior of agricultural and industrial sugarcane residues for bioenergy applications.

Progress in lignocellulosic biomass valorization for biofuels and value‐added chemical production in the EU: A focus on thermochemical conversion processes (2023)
Journal Article
Güleç, F., Parthiban, A., Umenweke, G. C., Musa, U., Williams, O., Mortezaei, Y., …Okolie, J. A. (2023). Progress in lignocellulosic biomass valorization for biofuels and value‐added chemical production in the EU: A focus on thermochemical conversion processes. Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining, https://doi.org/10.1002/bbb.2544

The demand for sustainable energy sources has increased owing to environmental concerns, such as climate change, rising energy demand and rapid industrialization. Biomass utilization for bioenergy and value‐added chemical production has become essent... Read More about Progress in lignocellulosic biomass valorization for biofuels and value‐added chemical production in the EU: A focus on thermochemical conversion processes.

Sustainability of bioenergy – Mapping the risks & benefits to inform future bioenergy systems (2023)
Journal Article
Welfle, A. J., Almena, A., Arshad, M. N., Banks, S. W., Butnar, I., Chong, K. J., …Röder, M. (2023). Sustainability of bioenergy – Mapping the risks & benefits to inform future bioenergy systems. Biomass and Bioenergy, 177, Article 106919. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2023.106919

Bioenergy is widely included in energy strategies for its GHG mitigation potential. Bioenergy technologies will likely have to be deployed at scale to meet decarbonisation targets, and consequently biomass will have to be increasingly grown/mobilised... Read More about Sustainability of bioenergy – Mapping the risks & benefits to inform future bioenergy systems.

A comprehensive analysis on the synthesis of value-added chemicals via slow pyrolysis: Valorisation of rapeseed residue, whitewood, and seaweed (Laminaria digitata) (2023)
Journal Article
Güleç, F., Sudibyo, H., Kostas, E. T., Williams, O., Samson, A., Meredith, W., & Lester, E. (2023). A comprehensive analysis on the synthesis of value-added chemicals via slow pyrolysis: Valorisation of rapeseed residue, whitewood, and seaweed (Laminaria digitata). Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 173, Article 106093. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2023.106093

Pyrolysis has emerged as a crucial thermochemical conversion technology in the field of biomass processing. Maximising the valorisation of biomass is an essential area of investigation, as it plays a pivotal role in understanding the economic viabili... Read More about A comprehensive analysis on the synthesis of value-added chemicals via slow pyrolysis: Valorisation of rapeseed residue, whitewood, and seaweed (Laminaria digitata).

Solutions to hazardous wastes issues in the leather industry: adsorption of Chromium iii and vi from leather industry wastewaters using activated carbons produced from leather industry solid wastes (2023)
Journal Article
Jimenez-Paz, J., Lozada-Castro, J. J., Lester, E., Williams, O., Stevens, L., & Barraza-Burgos, J. (2023). Solutions to hazardous wastes issues in the leather industry: adsorption of Chromium iii and vi from leather industry wastewaters using activated carbons produced from leather industry solid wastes. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 11(3), Article 109715. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2023.109715

This study presents the use of an innovative material to tackle hazardous wastes in the leather industry. Activated carbons produced from Leather industry waste (LIW) were used to adsorb (Cr) III and (VI), which are found in leather wastewater. Two p... Read More about Solutions to hazardous wastes issues in the leather industry: adsorption of Chromium iii and vi from leather industry wastewaters using activated carbons produced from leather industry solid wastes.

Impact of dielectric substrates on chipless RFID tag performance (2022)
Journal Article
Ali, A., Smartt, C., Im, J., Williams, O., Lester, E., & Greedy, S. (2022). Impact of dielectric substrates on chipless RFID tag performance. International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies, https://doi.org/10.1017/s1759078722001039

A five-slot hexagonal shape chipless RFID tag is designed, simulated, and manufactured on FR4 substrate. The designed tag's copper geometry was replicated on a wide range of dielectric substrate to quantify the impact on resonance quality factor (RQF... Read More about Impact of dielectric substrates on chipless RFID tag performance.

A comprehensive comparative study on the energy application of chars produced from different biomass feedstocks via hydrothermal conversion, pyrolysis, and torrefaction (2022)
Journal Article
Güleç, F., Williams, O., Kostas, E. T., Samson, A., & Lester, E. (2022). A comprehensive comparative study on the energy application of chars produced from different biomass feedstocks via hydrothermal conversion, pyrolysis, and torrefaction. Energy Conversion and Management, 270, Article 116260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2022.116260

Understanding the suitability of different conversion technologies for different types of biomass feedstocks is crucial in delivering the full valorisation of different types of biomasses. This is novel research which presents an extensive comparativ... Read More about A comprehensive comparative study on the energy application of chars produced from different biomass feedstocks via hydrothermal conversion, pyrolysis, and torrefaction.

Biofuel characteristics of chars produced from rapeseed, whitewood, and seaweed via thermal conversion technologies – Impacts of feedstocks and process conditions (2022)
Journal Article
Gulec, F., Samson, A., Williams, O., Kostas, E. T., & Lester, E. (2022). Biofuel characteristics of chars produced from rapeseed, whitewood, and seaweed via thermal conversion technologies – Impacts of feedstocks and process conditions. Fuel Processing Technology, 238, Article 107492. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2022.107492

Understanding the suitability of different conversion technologies for different types of biomass feedstocks is crucial in delivering the full valorisation of different types of biomass feedstocks. Optimal valorisation pathways can be identified by i... Read More about Biofuel characteristics of chars produced from rapeseed, whitewood, and seaweed via thermal conversion technologies – Impacts of feedstocks and process conditions.

The influence of mineral addition on the Optimised Advanced Ash Fusion Test (OAAFT) and its thermochemical modelling and prediction (2022)
Journal Article
Daley, P., Reinmöller, M., Williams, O., Pang, C. H., & Lester, E. (2022). The influence of mineral addition on the Optimised Advanced Ash Fusion Test (OAAFT) and its thermochemical modelling and prediction. Journal of the Energy Institute, 105, 121-132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joei.2022.08.004

Specific minerals in ash are triggers for ash fusion during combustion. This study analyses, for the first time, the link between individual minerals and the ash fusion of pseudo ash pellets using the Optimised Advanced Ash Fusion Test (OAAFT) and Fa... Read More about The influence of mineral addition on the Optimised Advanced Ash Fusion Test (OAAFT) and its thermochemical modelling and prediction.

A comprehensive comparative study on methylene blue removal from aqueous solution using biochars produced from rapeseed, whitewood, and seaweed via different thermal conversion technologies (2022)
Journal Article
Güleç, F., Williams, O., Kostas, E. T., Samson, A., Stevens, L. A., & Lester, E. (2022). A comprehensive comparative study on methylene blue removal from aqueous solution using biochars produced from rapeseed, whitewood, and seaweed via different thermal conversion technologies. Fuel, 330, Article 125428. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2022.125428

This paper presents, for the first time, a comprehensive comparative analysis of the potential of using biochars from three distinctly different UK-sourced biomass feedstocks, produced via three different thermal processing techniques, to adsorb meth... Read More about A comprehensive comparative study on methylene blue removal from aqueous solution using biochars produced from rapeseed, whitewood, and seaweed via different thermal conversion technologies.

High capacity chipless RFID tags for biomass tracking application (2022)
Journal Article
Ali, A., Smartt, C., Lester, E., Williams, O., & Greedy, S. (2023). High capacity chipless RFID tags for biomass tracking application. International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies, 15(5), 742-752. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1759078722000745

The design of a low-cost, flexible, miniaturized and a high code density chipless RFID tag is presented as a solution for tracking the transportation of biomass fuel pellets. The performance of the tag is presented and demonstrates the applicability... Read More about High capacity chipless RFID tags for biomass tracking application.

High capacity chipless RFID tags for biomass tracking application (2022)
Journal Article
Ali, A., Smartt, C., Lester, E., Williams, O., & Greedy, S. (2023). High capacity chipless RFID tags for biomass tracking application. International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies, 15(5), 742-752. https://doi.org/10.1017/s1759078722000745

The design of a low-cost, flexible, miniaturized, and a high code density chipless radio-frequency identification (RFID) tag is presented as a solution for tracking the transportation of biomass fuel pellets. The performance of the tag is presented a... Read More about High capacity chipless RFID tags for biomass tracking application.

High Code Density and Humidity Sensor Chipless RFID Tag (2022)
Presentation / Conference
Ali, A., Williams, O., Lester, E., & Greedy, S. (2022, July). High Code Density and Humidity Sensor Chipless RFID Tag. Paper presented at 2022 7th International Conference on Smart and Sustainable Technologies, SpliTech 2022, Split / Bol, Croatia

This article presents a low cost, miniaturize, flexible, high code density chipless sensor tag. The tag is designed on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate with a compact size of 1cm radius operating in ultra-wideband, ranging from 3.5 to 16GHz... Read More about High Code Density and Humidity Sensor Chipless RFID Tag.

Novel Thermal and Microscopic Techniques To Determine the Causes of Suboptimal Combustion Performance at Colombian Stoker Furnaces (2022)
Journal Article
Williams, O. S. A., Daley, P., Perkins, J., Shah, S., Saavedra, E. A. G., Trujillo, M., …Lester, E. H. (2022). Novel Thermal and Microscopic Techniques To Determine the Causes of Suboptimal Combustion Performance at Colombian Stoker Furnaces. ACS Omega, 7(14), 11618-11630. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.1c06314

This study presents the application of a novel approach, using thermal and optical techniques, to identify the causes of poor burnout performance of Colombian stoker furnaces in the Cauca Valley State. The four coals used in these furnaces were chara... Read More about Novel Thermal and Microscopic Techniques To Determine the Causes of Suboptimal Combustion Performance at Colombian Stoker Furnaces.

Novel Thermal and Microscopic Techniques To Determine the Causes of Suboptimal Combustion Performance at Colombian Stoker Furnaces (2022)
Journal Article
Williams, O. S. A., Daley, P., Perkins, J., Shah, S., Saavedra, E. A. G., Trujillo, M., …Lester, E. H. (2022). Novel Thermal and Microscopic Techniques To Determine the Causes of Suboptimal Combustion Performance at Colombian Stoker Furnaces. ACS Omega, 7(14), 11618–11630. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.1c06314

This study presents the application of a novel approach, using thermal and optical techniques, to identify the causes of poor burnout performance of Colombian stoker furnaces in the Cauca Valley State. The four coals used in these furnaces were char... Read More about Novel Thermal and Microscopic Techniques To Determine the Causes of Suboptimal Combustion Performance at Colombian Stoker Furnaces.

Predictability of higher heating value of biomass feedstocks via proximate and ultimate analyses – A comprehensive study of artificial neural network applications (2022)
Journal Article
Güleç, F., Pekaslan, D., Williams, O., & Lester, E. (2022). Predictability of higher heating value of biomass feedstocks via proximate and ultimate analyses – A comprehensive study of artificial neural network applications. Fuel, 320, Article 123944. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2022.123944

Higher heating value (HHV) is a key characteristic for the assessment and selection of biomass feedstocks as a fuel source. The HHV is usually measured using an adiabatic oxygen bomb calorimeter; however, this method can be time consuming and expensi... Read More about Predictability of higher heating value of biomass feedstocks via proximate and ultimate analyses – A comprehensive study of artificial neural network applications.

Upgrading of Low-Grade Colombian Coals via Low-Cost and Sustainable Calcium Nitrate Dense Media Separation (2022)
Journal Article
Williams, O. S. A., Daley, P., Perkins, J., Martinez-Mendoza, K. L., Guerrero-Perrez, J., Mazabuel, L. M. S., …Lester, E. H. (2022). Upgrading of Low-Grade Colombian Coals via Low-Cost and Sustainable Calcium Nitrate Dense Media Separation. ACS Omega, 7(4), 3348-3358. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.1c05346

Wet coal beneficiation in Colombia is prohibitive due to the high cost and scarcity of commonly used dense media. The practical value of this study is that it demonstrates for the first time that a common fertilizer, calcium nitrate, can be used in t... Read More about Upgrading of Low-Grade Colombian Coals via Low-Cost and Sustainable Calcium Nitrate Dense Media Separation.

Hydrothermal conversion of different lignocellulosic biomass feedstocks - Effect of the process conditions on hydrochar structures (2021)
Journal Article
Güleç, F., Riesco, L., Williams, O., Kostas, E. T., Samson, A., & Lester, E. (2021). Hydrothermal conversion of different lignocellulosic biomass feedstocks - Effect of the process conditions on hydrochar structures. Fuel, 302, Article 121166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2021.121166

Five biomass feedstocks (Coffee residues, Rice waste, Whitewood, Zilkha black, and Lignin) were hydrothermally processed in a semi-continuous flow rig using 9 different processing conditions (75, 150, 250 °C, and 1, 50, 240 bar). Solid residues produ... Read More about Hydrothermal conversion of different lignocellulosic biomass feedstocks - Effect of the process conditions on hydrochar structures.

Understanding Layered Double Hydroxide properties as sorbent materials for removing organic pollutants from environmental waters (2021)
Journal Article
Johnston, A., Lester, E., Williams, O., & Gomes, R. L. (2021). Understanding Layered Double Hydroxide properties as sorbent materials for removing organic pollutants from environmental waters. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 9(4), Article 105197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2021.105197

Emerging contaminants (ECs) are a group of anthropogenic organic pollutants known to have a host of adverse environmental and health implications. The removal of such pollutants from aqueous environments to ensure water is of a quality fit for reuse... Read More about Understanding Layered Double Hydroxide properties as sorbent materials for removing organic pollutants from environmental waters.

A Passive RFID Tag For Biomass Tracking (2020)
Conference Proceeding
Ali, A., Mackenzie, R., Lester, E., Williams, O., & Greedy, S. (2020). A Passive RFID Tag For Biomass Tracking. In 14th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, EuCAP 2020. https://doi.org/10.23919/EuCAP48036.2020.9135560

© 2020 EurAAP. This paper presents the design for a low cost miniaturized chipless RFID tag for short-range biomass tracking and monitoring purposes. The concentric hexagonal geometry and angular stability, leading to higher data capacity are the nov... Read More about A Passive RFID Tag For Biomass Tracking.

Experimental data on morphological characterization of chars from coal and bagasse blends (2020)
Journal Article
Garcia, E., Barraza-Burgos, J., Guerrero, J., Trujillo, M., Lester, E., & Williams, O. (in press). Experimental data on morphological characterization of chars from coal and bagasse blends. Data in Brief, 29, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2020.105358

© 2020 The Authors Morphological characterization of chars from coal and bagasse plays an important role in both the burning efficiency and intrinsic reactivity of chars, during a combustion process [1], [2]. In this work, abundant data on the morpho... Read More about Experimental data on morphological characterization of chars from coal and bagasse blends.

Microwave pyrolysis of olive pomace for bio-oil and bio-char production (2019)
Journal Article
Williams, O. S., Kostas, E. T., Durán-Jiménez, G., Shepherd, B. J., Meredith, W., Stevens, L. A., …Lye, G. J. (2020). Microwave pyrolysis of olive pomace for bio-oil and bio-char production. Chemical Engineering Journal, 387, Article 123404. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2019.123404

Olive pomace is a widely available agro-industrial waste residue in Europe that has the potential to contribute towards a circular, low carbon bio-economy. This study demonstrated, for the first time, the ability to successfully pyrolyse olive pomace... Read More about Microwave pyrolysis of olive pomace for bio-oil and bio-char production.

Automated image analysis techniques to characterise pulverised coal particles and predict combustion char morphology (2019)
Journal Article
Perkins, J., Williams, O., Wu, T., & Lester, E. (2020). Automated image analysis techniques to characterise pulverised coal particles and predict combustion char morphology. Fuel, 259, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2019.116022

A new automated image analysis system that analyses individual coal particles to predict daughter char morphology is presented. 12 different coals were milled to 75-106 µm, segmented from large mosaic images and the proportions of the different petro... Read More about Automated image analysis techniques to characterise pulverised coal particles and predict combustion char morphology.

Formation of Metallurgical Coke within Minutes through Coal Densification and Microwave Energy (2019)
Journal Article
Williams, O., Ure, A., Stevens, L., Binner, E., Dodds, C., Kingman, S., …Lester, E. (2019). Formation of Metallurgical Coke within Minutes through Coal Densification and Microwave Energy. Energy and Fuels, 33(7), 6817-6828. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.9b00511

This paper shows how feedstock densification gives rise to a step change in the time required to create a metallurgical grade coke using microwave energy. Five densified coking and non-coking coals were heated in a multi-mode microwave 2450 MHz cavit... Read More about Formation of Metallurgical Coke within Minutes through Coal Densification and Microwave Energy.

The impact of ash pellet characteristics and pellet processing parameters on ash fusion behaviour (2019)
Journal Article
Daley, P., Williams, O., Pang, C. H., Wu, T., & Lester, E. (2019). The impact of ash pellet characteristics and pellet processing parameters on ash fusion behaviour. Fuel, 251, 779-788. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2019.03.142

The Ash Fusion Test (AFT) is considered to be the most popular method of characterising the melt characteristics of solid fuel ash. This study shows how pellet preparation can make significant improvements to repeatability. Pelleting pressure, pellet... Read More about The impact of ash pellet characteristics and pellet processing parameters on ash fusion behaviour.

Microwave pyrolysis of Laminaria digitata to produce unique seaweed-derived bio-oils (2019)
Journal Article
Kostas, E. T., Williams, O. S., Duran-Jimenez, G., Tapper, A. J., Cooper, M., Meehan, R., & Robinson, J. P. (2019). Microwave pyrolysis of Laminaria digitata to produce unique seaweed-derived bio-oils. Biomass and Bioenergy, 125, 41-49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2019.04.006

Microwave pyrolysis has become an attractive form of processing technology to generate bio-oil, bio-char and syngas from different biomass feedstocks. In this study, microwave pyrolysis was performed on the UK native seaweed Laminaria digitata and it... Read More about Microwave pyrolysis of Laminaria digitata to produce unique seaweed-derived bio-oils.

Removal of copper from cattle footbath wastewater with layered double hydroxide adsorbents as a route to antimicrobial resistance mitigation on dairy farms (2018)
Journal Article
Williams, O., Clark, I., Gomes, R. L., Perehinec, T., Hobman, J. L., Stekel, D. J., …Lester, E. (2019). Removal of copper from cattle footbath wastewater with layered double hydroxide adsorbents as a route to antimicrobial resistance mitigation on dairy farms. Science of the Total Environment, 655, 1139-1149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.330

Copper and zinc are routinely used in livestock antimicrobial footbaths in commercial farming. The footbath mix is a cost to farmers, and the disposal of spent footbath into slurry tanks leads to soil contamination, as well as the potential for antim... Read More about Removal of copper from cattle footbath wastewater with layered double hydroxide adsorbents as a route to antimicrobial resistance mitigation on dairy farms.

Applicability of mechanical tests for biomass pellet characterisation for bioenergy applications (2018)
Journal Article
Williams, O., Taylor, S., Lester, E., Kingman, S., Giddings, D., & Eastwick, C. (2018). Applicability of mechanical tests for biomass pellet characterisation for bioenergy applications. Materials, 11(8), https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11081329

In this paper, the applicability of mechanical tests for biomass pellet characterisation was investigated. Pellet durability, quasi-static (low strain rate), and dynamic (high strain rate) mechanical tests were applied to mixed wood, eucalyptus, sunf... Read More about Applicability of mechanical tests for biomass pellet characterisation for bioenergy applications.

A proposed biomass char classification system (2018)
Journal Article
Lester, E., Avila, C., Pang, C. H., Williams, O., Perkins, J., Gaddipatti⁠, S., …Wu, T. (2018). A proposed biomass char classification system. Fuel, 232, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2018.05.153

A new classification system is proposed for the morphological characterisation of char structures from biomass. These char structures are unlike the coal chars that have an established nomenclature via the International Committee of Coal and Organic... Read More about A proposed biomass char classification system.

Benefits of dry comminution of biomass pellets in a knife mill (2017)
Journal Article
Williams, O., Lester, E., Kingman, S., Giddings, D., Lormor, S., & Eastwick, C. (in press). Benefits of dry comminution of biomass pellets in a knife mill. Biosystems Engineering, 160, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2017.05.011

The potential benefits of dry comminution in a knife mill for a diverse range of biomass 6 pellets are explored. The impact of dry comminution on energy consumption, particle size and shape, 7 is examined as well as the link between milling and mecha... Read More about Benefits of dry comminution of biomass pellets in a knife mill.

Overcoming the caking phenomenon in olive mill wastes (2017)
Journal Article
Williams, O., Eastwick, C., Kingman, S., Giddings, D., Lormor, S., & Lester, E. (2017). Overcoming the caking phenomenon in olive mill wastes. Industrial Crops and Products, 101, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2017.02.036

The use of olive mill wastes (orujillo) within coal fired power stations in the UK has led to unexpected difficulties with material caking within the fuel handling plant. This study replicated orujillo caking on a laboratory scale using a planetary b... Read More about Overcoming the caking phenomenon in olive mill wastes.

Influence of mill type on densified biomass comminution (2016)
Journal Article
Williams, O., Newbolt, G., Eastwick, C., Kingman, S. W., Giddings, D., Lormor, S., & Lester, E. (2016). Influence of mill type on densified biomass comminution. Applied Energy, 182, 219-231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.08.111

The impact of different mill fracture mechanisms were examined for a wide range of densified biomass pellets to provide a comprehensive analysis of biomass milling behaviour for pulverised fuel combustion. The milling behaviour of 7 woody, herbaceous... Read More about Influence of mill type on densified biomass comminution.

Experiments on torrefied wood pellet: study by gasification and characterization for waste biomass to energy applications (2016)
Journal Article
Rollinson, A., & Williams, O. (2016). Experiments on torrefied wood pellet: study by gasification and characterization for waste biomass to energy applications. Royal Society Open Science, 3, Article 150578. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.150578

Samples of torrefied wood pellet produced by low-temperature microwave pyrolysis were tested through a series of experiments relevant to present and near future waste to energy conversion technologies. Operational performance was assessed using a mod... Read More about Experiments on torrefied wood pellet: study by gasification and characterization for waste biomass to energy applications.

Impact of mill type on biomass mill behavior (2015)
Conference Proceeding
Williams, O., Eastwick, C., Lester, E., Giddings, D., & Lormor, S. (in press). Impact of mill type on biomass mill behavior.

With increasing use of biomass in pulverized fuel coal fired power stations, the impact of mill type on biomass size and shape is fundamental in optimizing mill and burner performance. The impact of mill type on the energy consumption, particle size... Read More about Impact of mill type on biomass mill behavior.

Investigation into the applicability of Bond Work Index (BWI) and Hardgrove Grindability Index (HGI) tests for several biomasses compared to Colombian La Loma coal (2015)
Journal Article
Williams, O., Eastwick, C., Kingman, S., Giddings, D., Lormor, S., & Lester, E. (2015). Investigation into the applicability of Bond Work Index (BWI) and Hardgrove Grindability Index (HGI) tests for several biomasses compared to Colombian La Loma coal. Fuel, 158, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2015.05.027

With increasing quantities of biomass being combusted in coal fired power stations, there is an urgent need to be able to predict the grindability of biomass in existing coal mills, but currently no standard biomass grindability test exists. In this... Read More about Investigation into the applicability of Bond Work Index (BWI) and Hardgrove Grindability Index (HGI) tests for several biomasses compared to Colombian La Loma coal.

The impact of moisture on the milling behavior of different biomasses (2014)
Conference Proceeding
Williams, O., Eastwick, C., Lester, E., Giddings, D., & Byrne, N. (2014). The impact of moisture on the milling behavior of different biomasses.

The aim of this study was to examine the impact of moisture content on the milling behaviour of four different biomasses commonly used in the power sector and characterise their milling behaviour in a laboratory scale planetary ball mill. As received... Read More about The impact of moisture on the milling behavior of different biomasses.

'Dry bases': Carbon dioxide capture using alkaline dry water (2014)
Journal Article
Dawson, R., Stevens, L. A., Williams, O. S., Wang, W., Carter, B. O., Sutton, S., …Cooper, A. I. (2014). 'Dry bases': Carbon dioxide capture using alkaline dry water. Energy and Environmental Science, 7(5), 1786-1791. https://doi.org/10.1039/c3ee44124e

An alkaline form of 'dry water' - a 'dry base' - is prepared by the high-speed mixing of aqueous solutions of metal carbonates or organic amines with hydrophobic silica nanoparticles. Despite being mostly water, the dry base looks and flows like a po... Read More about 'Dry bases': Carbon dioxide capture using alkaline dry water.

Optimisation of biomass milling for conveyance and combustion (2013)
Conference Proceeding
Williams, O., Eastwick, C., Lester, E., Giddings, D., & Byrne, N. (2013). Optimisation of biomass milling for conveyance and combustion.

Agricultural wastes are increasingly being used as biomass materials for co-firing in coal fired power stations. However issues in milling and conveyance of agricultural residues are limiting the use of these resources and a greater understanding of... Read More about Optimisation of biomass milling for conveyance and combustion.