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Outputs (61)

The Effect of Congruency and Frequency of Exposures on the Learning of L2 Binomials (2023)
Journal Article
Altamimi, A., & Conklin, K. (2024). The Effect of Congruency and Frequency of Exposures on the Learning of L2 Binomials. Languages, 9(1), Article 9. https://doi.org/10.3390/languages9010009

Although extensive research has been carried out on opaque formulaic language where the meaning is not the sum of the individual words (i.e., idioms and many collocations), it is still not clear how cross-language congruency and frequency of exposure... Read More about The Effect of Congruency and Frequency of Exposures on the Learning of L2 Binomials.

Effects of Pre‐Reading Study and Reading Exposure on the Learning and Processing of Collocations (2023)
Journal Article
Altamimi, A., & Conklin, K. (2023). Effects of Pre‐Reading Study and Reading Exposure on the Learning and Processing of Collocations. TESOL Quarterly, https://doi.org/10.1002/tesq.3268

Little is known about the effect of pre-reading exposure on collocational learning. This study used eye-tracking and offline measures (form recall and recognition) to explore the effectiveness of pre-reading study and reading exposure on the processi... Read More about Effects of Pre‐Reading Study and Reading Exposure on the Learning and Processing of Collocations.

What triggers perceptions of racism in Heart of Darkness? A reader-response analysis (2023)
Journal Article
Mastropierro, L., & Conklin, K. (2023). What triggers perceptions of racism in Heart of Darkness? A reader-response analysis. Language and Literature, 32(4), 437-457. https://doi.org/10.1177/09639470231202263

This paper combines reader-response analysis and stylistic insights to investigate what may be triggering perceptions of racism in Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness. It presents the results of a survey that asked participants to read extracts from th... Read More about What triggers perceptions of racism in Heart of Darkness? A reader-response analysis.

Ambiguity Resolution in Passivized Idioms: Is There a Shift in the Most Likely Interpretation? (2022)
Journal Article
Kyriacou, M., Conklin, K., & Thompson, D. (2023). Ambiguity Resolution in Passivized Idioms: Is There a Shift in the Most Likely Interpretation?. Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology, 77(3), 212–226. https://doi.org/10.1037/cep0000300

Ambiguous but canonical idioms (kick the bucket) are processed fast in both their figurative (“die”) and literal (“boot the pail”) senses, although processing costs associated with meaning integration may emerge in postidiom regions. Modified version... Read More about Ambiguity Resolution in Passivized Idioms: Is There a Shift in the Most Likely Interpretation?.

Word and Multiword Processing (2022)
Book Chapter
Conklin, K., & Thul, R. (2022). Word and Multiword Processing. In A. Godfroid, & H. Hopp (Eds.), The Routledge Handbook of Second Language Acquisition and Psycholinguistics (203-215). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003018872-20

When we encounter linguistic input, both spoken and written, we need to identify words and multiword sequences (e.g., “spill the beans” meaning “to reveal a secret”), ascertain their meaning, and integrate them into our unfolding understanding of a s... Read More about Word and Multiword Processing.

“Bread and butter” or “butter and bread”? Nonnatives’ processing of novel lexical patterns in context (2022)
Journal Article
Sonbul, S., El-Dakhs, D. A. S., Conklin, K., & Carrol, G. (2023). “Bread and butter” or “butter and bread”? Nonnatives’ processing of novel lexical patterns in context. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 45(2), 370-392. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0272263122000237

Little is known about how non-native speakers process novel language patterns in the input they encounter. The present study examines whether non-natives develop a sensitivity to novel binomials and their ordering preference from context. Thirty-nine... Read More about “Bread and butter” or “butter and bread”? Nonnatives’ processing of novel lexical patterns in context.

Word order effect in collocation processing (2021)
Journal Article
Vilkaitė-Lozdienė, L., & Conklin, K. (2021). Word order effect in collocation processing. Mental Lexicon, 16(2-3), 362-396. https://doi.org/10.1075/ml.20022.vil

Collocations are words associated because of their frequent co-occurrence, which makes them predictable and leads to facilitated processing. While there have been suggestions that collocations are stored as unanalysed chunks, other researchers disagr... Read More about Word order effect in collocation processing.

'Did You See That?' - The Role of Repetition and Enhancement on Lexical Bundle Processing in English Learning Materials (2021)
Journal Article
Northbrook, J., Allen, D., & Conklin, K. (2022). 'Did You See That?' - The Role of Repetition and Enhancement on Lexical Bundle Processing in English Learning Materials. Applied Linguistics, 43(3), 453-472. https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/amab063

For second-language learners, the use of formulaic language can benefit processing. Previous studies have explored the development of a 'processing advantage' for lexical bundles and investigated whether learning materials can be optimized via repeti... Read More about 'Did You See That?' - The Role of Repetition and Enhancement on Lexical Bundle Processing in English Learning Materials.

The effect of input modes and number of exposures on the learning of L2 binomials (2021)
Journal Article
Alotaibi, S., Pellicer-Sánchez, A., & Conklin, K. (2022). The effect of input modes and number of exposures on the learning of L2 binomials. ITL, 173(1), 58-93. https://doi.org/10.1075/itl.21001.alo

Despite the importance of mastering different types of formulaic sequences in a second language, little is known about the relative effect of different input modes on their acquisition. This study explores the learning of a particular type of formula... Read More about The effect of input modes and number of exposures on the learning of L2 binomials.

When the Idiom Advantage Comes Up Short: Eye-Tracking Canonical and Modified Idioms (2021)
Journal Article
Kyriacou, M., Conklin, K., & Thompson, D. (2021). When the Idiom Advantage Comes Up Short: Eye-Tracking Canonical and Modified Idioms. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, Article 675046. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.675046

The literature on idioms often talks about an ‘idiom advantage’, such that familiar idioms (spill the beans) are generally processed faster than comparable literal phrases (burn the beans). More recently, researchers have explored the processing of i... Read More about When the Idiom Advantage Comes Up Short: Eye-Tracking Canonical and Modified Idioms.

Using GAMMs to model trial-by-trial fluctuations in experimental data: More risks but hardly any benefit (2021)
Journal Article
Thul, R., Conklin, K., & Barr, D. J. (2021). Using GAMMs to model trial-by-trial fluctuations in experimental data: More risks but hardly any benefit. Journal of Memory and Language, 120, Article 104247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jml.2021.104247

Data from each subject in a repeated-measures experiment forms a time series , which may include trial-by-trial fluctuations arising from human factors such as practice or fatigue. Concerns about the statistical implications of such effects have incr... Read More about Using GAMMs to model trial-by-trial fluctuations in experimental data: More risks but hardly any benefit.

Racial slurs and perception of racism in Heart of Darkness (2021)
Journal Article
Mastropierro, L., & Conklin, K. (2021). Racial slurs and perception of racism in Heart of Darkness. Journal of Literary Semantics, 50(1), 25-41. https://doi.org/10.1515/jls-2021-2028

The aim of this paper is to investigate the effect of the racial slursniggerandnegroinHeart of Darknesson readers’perception of dehumanisation,discrimination, and racism. It compares data collected through online question-naires to test whether the... Read More about Racial slurs and perception of racism in Heart of Darkness.

The Effect of Auditory Input on Multimodal Reading Comprehension: An Examination of Adult Readers’ Eye Movements (2021)
Journal Article
Pellicer-Sánchez, A., Conklin, K., Rodgers, M. P. H., & Parente, F. (2021). The Effect of Auditory Input on Multimodal Reading Comprehension: An Examination of Adult Readers’ Eye Movements. Modern Language Journal, 105(4), 936-956. https://doi.org/10.1111/modl.12743

Comprehension of many types of texts involves constructing meaning from text and pictures. However, research examining how second language (L2) learners process text and pictures and the relationship with comprehension is scarce. Thus, while verbal i... Read More about The Effect of Auditory Input on Multimodal Reading Comprehension: An Examination of Adult Readers’ Eye Movements.

The role of empirical methods in investigating readers’ constructions of authorial creativity in literary reading (2020)
Journal Article
Parente, F., Conklin, K., Guy, J. M., & Scott, R. (2021). The role of empirical methods in investigating readers’ constructions of authorial creativity in literary reading. Language and Literature, 30(1), 21-36. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963947020952200

The popularity of literary biographies and the importance publishers place on author publicity materials suggest the concept of an author’s creative intentions is important to readers’ appreciation of literary works. However, the question of how this... Read More about The role of empirical methods in investigating readers’ constructions of authorial creativity in literary reading.

The Effect of Pre‐reading Instruction on Vocabulary Learning: An Investigation of L1 and L2 Readers’ Eye Movements (2020)
Journal Article
Pellicer Sanchez, A., Conklin, K., & Vilkaitė-Lozdienė, L. (2021). The Effect of Pre‐reading Instruction on Vocabulary Learning: An Investigation of L1 and L2 Readers’ Eye Movements. Language Learning, 71(1), 162-203. https://doi.org/10.1111/lang.12430

This study examines the effect of pre-reading vocabulary instruction on learners’ attention and vocabulary gains. Participants (L1 = 92; L2 = 88) were randomly assigned to one of four conditions: pre-reading instruction, involving explicit instructio... Read More about The Effect of Pre‐reading Instruction on Vocabulary Learning: An Investigation of L1 and L2 Readers’ Eye Movements.

Words go together like ‘bread and butter’: The rapid, automatic acquisition of lexical patterns (2020)
Journal Article
Conklin, K., & Carrol, G. (2021). Words go together like ‘bread and butter’: The rapid, automatic acquisition of lexical patterns. Applied Linguistics, 43(3), 492-513. https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/amaa034

While it is possible to express the same meaning in different ways (‘bread and butter’ versus ‘butter and bread’), we tend to say things in the same way. As much as half of spoken discourse is made up of formulaic language, or linguistic patterns. De... Read More about Words go together like ‘bread and butter’: The rapid, automatic acquisition of lexical patterns.

Cross-linguistic lexical effects in different-script bilingual reading are modulated by task (2020)
Journal Article
Allen, D., Conklin, K., & Miwa, K. (2021). Cross-linguistic lexical effects in different-script bilingual reading are modulated by task. International Journal of Bilingualism, 25(1), 168-188. https://doi.org/10.1177/1367006920943974

Aims and objectives/purpose/research questions: Bilingual lexical processing is non-selective, which allows for activation of the non-target language, even when reading in a different script. However, while the influence of cross-script L1 lexical kn... Read More about Cross-linguistic lexical effects in different-script bilingual reading are modulated by task.

What eye-tracking tells us about reading-only and reading-while-listening in a first and second language (2020)
Journal Article
Conklin, K., Alotaibi, S., Pellicer-Sánchez, A., & Vilkaitė-Lozdienė, L. (2020). What eye-tracking tells us about reading-only and reading-while-listening in a first and second language. Second Language Research, 36(3), 257-276. https://doi.org/10.1177/0267658320921496

Reading-while-listening has been shown to be advantageous in second language learning. However, research to date has not addressed how the addition of auditory input changes reading itself. Identifying how reading differs in reading-while-listening a... Read More about What eye-tracking tells us about reading-only and reading-while-listening in a first and second language.

Exploring the depths of second language processing with eye tracking: An introduction (2020)
Journal Article
Godfroid, A., Winke, P., & Conklin, K. (2020). Exploring the depths of second language processing with eye tracking: An introduction. Second Language Research, https://doi.org/10.1177/0267658320922578

In this paper, we review how eye tracking, which offers millisecond-precise information about how language learners orient their visual attention, can be used to investigate a variety of processes involved in the multifaceted endeavor of second langu... Read More about Exploring the depths of second language processing with eye tracking: An introduction.

Who’s afraid of Virginia Woolf? Readers’ responses to experimental techniques of speech, thought and consciousness presentation in Woolf’s To the Lighthouse and Mrs Dalloway (2020)
Journal Article
Grisot, G., Conklin, K., & Sotirova, V. (2020). Who’s afraid of Virginia Woolf? Readers’ responses to experimental techniques of speech, thought and consciousness presentation in Woolf’s To the Lighthouse and Mrs Dalloway. Language and Literature, https://doi.org/10.1177/0963947020924202

Woolf’s work has been the object of several studies concerned with her experimental use of techniques of speech, thought and consciousness presentation. These investigated the way in which different perspectives coexist and alternate in her writing,... Read More about Who’s afraid of Virginia Woolf? Readers’ responses to experimental techniques of speech, thought and consciousness presentation in Woolf’s To the Lighthouse and Mrs Dalloway.

Young learners’ processing of multimodal input and its impact on reading comprehension: an eye-tracking study (2020)
Journal Article
Pellicer-Sánchez, A., Tragant, E., Conklin, K., Rodgers, M., Serrano, R., & Llanes, Á. (2020). Young learners’ processing of multimodal input and its impact on reading comprehension: an eye-tracking study. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 42(3), 577-598. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0272263120000091

Theories of multimedia learning suggest that learners can form better referential connections when verbal and visual materials are presented simultaneously. Furthermore, the addition of auditory input in reading-while-listening conditions benefits pe... Read More about Young learners’ processing of multimodal input and its impact on reading comprehension: an eye-tracking study.

Young learners' processing of multimodal input and its impact on reading comprehension: An eye-tracking study (2020)
Journal Article
PELLICER-SANCHEZ, A., TRAGANT, E., CONKLIN, K., RODGERS, M., SERRANO, R., & LLANES, A. (2020). Young learners' processing of multimodal input and its impact on reading comprehension: An eye-tracking study. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 42(3), 577 - 598. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0272263120000091

Theories of multimedia learning suggest that learners can form better referential connections when verbal and visual materials are presented simultaneously. Furthermore, the addition of auditory input in reading-while-listening conditions benefits pe... Read More about Young learners' processing of multimodal input and its impact on reading comprehension: An eye-tracking study.

Reader expertise and the literary significance of small-scale textual features in prose fiction (2019)
Journal Article
Parente, F., Conklin, K., Guy, J., Carrol, G., & Scott, R. (2019). Reader expertise and the literary significance of small-scale textual features in prose fiction. Scientific Study of Literature, 9(1), 3-33. https://doi.org/10.1075/ssol.19006.par

We use eye tracking to investigate the attention readers pay to different textual features to determine their significance in the appreciation of prose fiction. Previous research examined attention allocation to lexical and punctuation variants, and... Read More about Reader expertise and the literary significance of small-scale textual features in prose fiction.

Racism and dehumanisation in Heart of Darkness and its Italian translations: A reader response analysis (2019)
Journal Article
Mastropierro, L., & Conklin, K. (2019). Racism and dehumanisation in Heart of Darkness and its Italian translations: A reader response analysis. Language and Literature, 28(4), 309-325. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963947019884450

This article presents the results of a reader response study of Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness and two of its Italian translations. Specifically, data from an online questionnaire are used to test whether English and Italian readers respond differ... Read More about Racism and dehumanisation in Heart of Darkness and its Italian translations: A reader response analysis.

Passivizability of Idioms: Has the Wrong Tree Been Barked Up? (2019)
Journal Article
Kyriacou, M., Conklin, K., & Thompson, D. (2020). Passivizability of Idioms: Has the Wrong Tree Been Barked Up?. Language and Speech, 63(2), 404-435. https://doi.org/10.1177/0023830919847691

A growing number of studies support the partial compositionality of idiomatic phrases, while idioms are thought to vary in their syntactic flexibility. Some idioms, like kick the bucket, have been classified as inflexible and incapable of being passi... Read More about Passivizability of Idioms: Has the Wrong Tree Been Barked Up?.

Is All Formulaic Language Created Equal? Unpacking the Processing Advantage for Different Types of Formulaic Sequences (2019)
Journal Article
Carrol, G., & Conklin, K. (2020). Is All Formulaic Language Created Equal? Unpacking the Processing Advantage for Different Types of Formulaic Sequences. Language and Speech, 63(1), 95-122. https://doi.org/10.1177/0023830918823230

Research into recurrent, highly conventionalised ‘formulaic’ sequences has shown a processing advantage compared to ‘novel’ (non-formulaic) language. Studies of individual types of formulaic sequence often acknowledge the contribution of specific fac... Read More about Is All Formulaic Language Created Equal? Unpacking the Processing Advantage for Different Types of Formulaic Sequences.

Assessing plain and intelligible language in the Consumer Rights Act: a role for reading scores? (2019)
Journal Article
Conklin, K., Hyde, R., & Parente, F. (2019). Assessing plain and intelligible language in the Consumer Rights Act: a role for reading scores?. Legal Studies, 39(3), 378-397. https://doi.org/10.1017/lst.2018.25

Under the Consumer Rights Act 2015 consumer contracts and consumer notices are required to be expressed in plain and intelligible language. This is a difficult concept to capture. Determining whether a contract is expressed in plain and intelligible... Read More about Assessing plain and intelligible language in the Consumer Rights Act: a role for reading scores?.

“What are you talking about?” An analysis of lexical bundles in Japanese junior high school textbooks (2018)
Journal Article
Northbrook, J., & Conklin, K. (2018). “What are you talking about?” An analysis of lexical bundles in Japanese junior high school textbooks. International Journal of Corpus Linguistics, 23(3), 311-334

In a communicative approach to language teaching, students are presented with ‘authentic’ language, which is thought to allow them to produce it in a nativelike way. The current study explores whether the lexical bundles in communicative Japanese jun... Read More about “What are you talking about?” An analysis of lexical bundles in Japanese junior high school textbooks.

Is what you put in what you get out? Textbook-derived lexical bundle processing in beginner English learners (2018)
Journal Article
Northbrook, J., & Conklin, K. (2019). Is what you put in what you get out? Textbook-derived lexical bundle processing in beginner English learners. Applied Linguistics, 40(5), 816-833. https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/amy027

Usage-based approaches to second language acquisition put a premium on the linguistic input that learners receive and predict that any sequences of words that learners encounter frequently will experience a processing advantage. The current study exp... Read More about Is what you put in what you get out? Textbook-derived lexical bundle processing in beginner English learners.

Literary stylistics, authorial intention and the scientific study of literature: a critical overview (2018)
Journal Article
Guy, J. M., Conklin, K., & Sanchez-Davies, J. (2018). Literary stylistics, authorial intention and the scientific study of literature: a critical overview. Language and Literature, 27(3), 196-217. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963947018788518

A tendency by literary stylisticians to overlook the role of the author in the generation of literary meaning has been a significant source of tension between linguistic approaches to literariness and other practices in the discipline, such as text-e... Read More about Literary stylistics, authorial intention and the scientific study of literature: a critical overview.

Consumer behaviour and ICSS: exploring how consumers respond to Information, Connection and Signposting Services (2018)
Report
Conklin, K., Hyde, R., Parente, F., & Snowley, K. (2018). Consumer behaviour and ICSS: exploring how consumers respond to Information, Connection and Signposting Services

This research examines consumer behaviour when presented with search results and websites containing Information, Connection and Signposting Services ('ICSS') and provides policy recommendations aimed at ensuring that consumers are able to identify I... Read More about Consumer behaviour and ICSS: exploring how consumers respond to Information, Connection and Signposting Services.

Representation and processing of multi-word expressions in the brain (2017)
Journal Article
Siyanova-Chanturia, A., Conklin, K., Caffarra, S., Kaan, E., & van Heuven, W. J. (2017). Representation and processing of multi-word expressions in the brain. Brain and Language, 175, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bandl.2017.10.004

Language comprehension is sensitive to the predictability of the upcoming information. Prediction allows for smooth, expedient and successful communication. While general discourse-based constraints have been investigated in detail, more specific phr... Read More about Representation and processing of multi-word expressions in the brain.

Naturalistic reading in the L2 and the impact of word frequency and cross-linguistic similarity (2017)
Journal Article
Allen, D., & Conklin, K. (2017). Naturalistic reading in the L2 and the impact of word frequency and cross-linguistic similarity. 00 Journal not listed, 7(3), 41-57

While psycholinguistic studies of first language (L1) reading have identified multiple factors that predict the speed of lexical access, there are few studies investigating whether such factors influence second language (L2) reading. For usage-based... Read More about Naturalistic reading in the L2 and the impact of word frequency and cross-linguistic similarity.

Challenges in editing late nineteenth-and early twentieth-century prose fiction: what is editorial “completeness”? (2016)
Journal Article
Guy, J., Scott, R., Conklin, K., & Carrol, G. (2016). Challenges in editing late nineteenth-and early twentieth-century prose fiction: what is editorial “completeness”?. English Literature in Transition, 1880-1920, 59(4), 435-455

Guy, Scott, Conklin, and Carrol join forces to analyze controversial questions about multi-volume variorum editions of late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century writers such as Wilde, Conrad, Woolf, James, and Wyndam Lewis. What prompted such ambi... Read More about Challenges in editing late nineteenth-and early twentieth-century prose fiction: what is editorial “completeness”?.

How gender-expectancy affects the processing of “them” (2016)
Journal Article
Doherty, A., & Conklin, K. (2016). How gender-expectancy affects the processing of “them”. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 70(4), 718-735. https://doi.org/10.1080/17470218.2016.1154582

How sensitive is pronoun processing to expectancies based on real-world knowledge and language usage? The current study links research on the integration of gender stereotypes and number-mismatch to explore this question. It focuses on the use of the... Read More about How gender-expectancy affects the processing of “them”.

Using eye-tracking in applied linguistics and second language research (2016)
Journal Article
Conklin, K., & Pellicer-Sánchez, A. (2016). Using eye-tracking in applied linguistics and second language research. Second Language Research, 32(3), https://doi.org/10.1177/02676583166+37401

With eye-tracking technology the eye is thought to give researchers a window into the mind. Importantly, eye-tracking has significant advantages over traditional online processing measures: chiefly that it allows for more ‘natural’ processing as it d... Read More about Using eye-tracking in applied linguistics and second language research.

Found in translation: The Influence of the L1 on the Reading of Idioms in a L2 (2016)
Journal Article
Carrol, G., Conklin, K., & Gyllstad, H. (2016). Found in translation: The Influence of the L1 on the Reading of Idioms in a L2. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 38(3), 403-443. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0272263115000492

© 2016 Cambridge University Press. Formulaic language represents a challenge to even the most proficient of language learners. Evidence is mixed as to whether native and nonnative speakers process it in a fundamentally different way, whether exposure... Read More about Found in translation: The Influence of the L1 on the Reading of Idioms in a L2.

The impact of Rapid Serial Visual Presentation (RSVP) on reading by nonnative speakers (2015)
Journal Article
Boo, Z., & Conklin, K. (2015). The impact of Rapid Serial Visual Presentation (RSVP) on reading by nonnative speakers

With the proliferation of cell phones and other small handheld electronic devices, more and more people are using software that presents texts one word at a time. This trend can be attributed to the small screen sizes afforded by these modern electro... Read More about The impact of Rapid Serial Visual Presentation (RSVP) on reading by nonnative speakers.

Cross language priming extends to formulaic units: evidence from eye-tracking suggests that this idea “has legs” (2015)
Journal Article
Carrol, G., & Conklin, K. (2017). Cross language priming extends to formulaic units: evidence from eye-tracking suggests that this idea “has legs”. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 20(2), https://doi.org/10.1017/S1366728915000103

Idiom priming effects (faster processing compared to novel phrases) are generally robust in native speakers but not non-native speakers. This leads to the question of how idioms and other multiword units are represented and accessed in a first (L1) a... Read More about Cross language priming extends to formulaic units: evidence from eye-tracking suggests that this idea “has legs”.

Processing punctuation and word changes in different editions of prose fiction (2015)
Journal Article
Carrol, G., Conklin, K., Guy, J., & Scott, R. (2015). Processing punctuation and word changes in different editions of prose fiction. Scientific Study of Literature, 5(2), https://doi.org/10.1075/ssol.5.2.05con

The digital era has brought with it a shift in the field of literary editing in terms of the amount and kind of textual variation that can reasonably be annotated by editors. However, questions remain about how far readers engage with textual variant... Read More about Processing punctuation and word changes in different editions of prose fiction.

Eye-tracking multi-word units: some methodological questions (2015)
Journal Article
Carrol, G., & Conklin, K. (2015). Eye-tracking multi-word units: some methodological questions. Journal of Eye Movement Research, 7(5), https://doi.org/10.16910/jemr.7.5.5

Eye-tracking in linguistics has focused mainly on reading at the level of the word or sentence. In this paper we discuss how the phenomenon of formulaic language might best be examined using this methodology. Formulaic language is fundamentally multi... Read More about Eye-tracking multi-word units: some methodological questions.

Making sense of the Sense Model: translation priming with Japanese-English bilinguals (2015)
Journal Article
Allen, D., Conklin, K., & van Heuven, W. J. (2015). Making sense of the Sense Model: translation priming with Japanese-English bilinguals. Mental Lexicon, 10(1), https://doi.org/10.1075/ml.10.1.02all

Many studies have reported that first language (L1) translation primes speed responses to second language (L2) targets, whereas L2 translation primes generally do not speed up responses to L1 targets in lexical decision. According to the Sense Model... Read More about Making sense of the Sense Model: translation priming with Japanese-English bilinguals.

The role of verbal and pictorial information in multimodal incidental acquisition of foreign language vocabulary (2014)
Journal Article
Bisson, M. J., van Heuven, W. J., Conklin, K., & Tunney, R. J. (2014). The role of verbal and pictorial information in multimodal incidental acquisition of foreign language vocabulary. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 68(7), 1306-1326. https://doi.org/10.1080/17470218.2014.979211

© 2014 The Author. Published by Taylor & Francis. This study used eye tracking to investigate the allocation of attention to multimodal stimuli during an incidental learning situation, as well as its impact on subsequent explicit learning. Particip... Read More about The role of verbal and pictorial information in multimodal incidental acquisition of foreign language vocabulary.

Reading Dickens’s characters: employing psycholinguistic methods to investigate the cognitive reality of patterns in texts (2014)
Journal Article
Mahlberg, M., Conklin, K., & Bisson, M. (2014). Reading Dickens’s characters: employing psycholinguistic methods to investigate the cognitive reality of patterns in texts. Language and Literature, 23(4), https://doi.org/10.1177/0963947014543887

This article reports the findings of an empirical study that uses eye-tracking and follow-up interviews as methods to investigate how participants read body language clusters in novels by Charles Dickens. The study builds on previous corpus stylistic... Read More about Reading Dickens’s characters: employing psycholinguistic methods to investigate the cognitive reality of patterns in texts.

The role of repeated exposure to multimodal input in incidental acquisition of foreign language vocabulary (2014)
Journal Article
Bisson, M., van Heuven, W. J., Conklin, K., & Tunney, R. J. (2014). The role of repeated exposure to multimodal input in incidental acquisition of foreign language vocabulary. Language Learning, 64(4), https://doi.org/10.1111/lang.12085

Prior research has reported incidental vocabulary acquisition with complete beginners in a foreign language (FL), within 8 exposures to auditory and written FL word forms presented with a picture depicting their meaning. However, important questions... Read More about The role of repeated exposure to multimodal input in incidental acquisition of foreign language vocabulary.

Getting your wires crossed: evidence for fast processing of L1 idioms in an L2 (2014)
Journal Article
Carrol, G., & Conklin, K. (2014). Getting your wires crossed: evidence for fast processing of L1 idioms in an L2. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 17(4), https://doi.org/10.1017/S1366728913000795

Monolingual speakers show priming for idiomatic sequences (e.g. a pain in the neck) relative to matched controls (e.g. a pain in the foot); single word translation equivalents show cross-language activation (e.g. dog–chien) for bilinguals. If the lex... Read More about Getting your wires crossed: evidence for fast processing of L1 idioms in an L2.

Short- and long-term effects of rote rehearsal on ESL learners’ processing of L2 collocations (2014)
Journal Article
Szudarski, P., & Conklin, K. (2014). Short- and long-term effects of rote rehearsal on ESL learners’ processing of L2 collocations. TESOL Quarterly, 48(4), https://doi.org/10.1002/tesq.201

Worldwide there is thought to be around 750 million people who speak English as a foreign language (Crystal, 2003, p. 69). For these speakers the difference between make a picture and take a picture may seem arbitrary. However, use of the former is l... Read More about Short- and long-term effects of rote rehearsal on ESL learners’ processing of L2 collocations.

Cross-linguistic similarity norms for Japanese-English translation equivalents (2013)
Journal Article
Allen, D., & Conklin, K. (2014). Cross-linguistic similarity norms for Japanese-English translation equivalents. Behavior Research Methods, 46, 540-563. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-013-0389-z

Formal and semantic overlap across languages plays an important role in bilingual language processing systems. In the present study, Japanese (first language; L1)-English (second language; L2) bilinguals rated 193 Japanese-English word pairs, includi... Read More about Cross-linguistic similarity norms for Japanese-English translation equivalents.

Cross-linguistic similarity and task demands in Japanese-English bilingual processing (2013)
Journal Article
Allen, D. B., & Conklin, K. (2013). Cross-linguistic similarity and task demands in Japanese-English bilingual processing. PLoS ONE, 8(8), Article e72631. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0072631

Even in languages that do not share script, bilinguals process cognates faster than matched noncognates in a range of tasks. The current research more fully explores what underpins the cognate ‘advantage’ in different script bilinguals (Japanese-Engl... Read More about Cross-linguistic similarity and task demands in Japanese-English bilingual processing.

Incidental acquisition of foreign language vocabulary through brief multi-modal exposure (2013)
Journal Article
Bisson, M., van Heuven, W. J., Conklin, K., & Tunney, R. J. (2013). Incidental acquisition of foreign language vocabulary through brief multi-modal exposure. PLoS ONE, 8(4), Article 7. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0060912

First language acquisition requires relatively little effort compared to foreign language acquisition and happens more naturally through informal learning. Informal exposure can also benefit foreign language learning, although evidence for this has b... Read More about Incidental acquisition of foreign language vocabulary through brief multi-modal exposure.

The timing and magnitude of Stroop interference and facilitation in monolinguals and bilinguals (2013)
Journal Article
Coderre, E. L., van Heuven, W. J., & Conklin, K. (2013). The timing and magnitude of Stroop interference and facilitation in monolinguals and bilinguals. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 16(Specia), https://doi.org/10.1017/S1366728912000405

Executive control abilities and lexical access speed in Stroop performance were investigated in English monolinguals and two groups of bilinguals (English–Chinese and Chinese–English) in their first (L1) and second (L2) languages. Predictions were ba... Read More about The timing and magnitude of Stroop interference and facilitation in monolinguals and bilinguals.

Processing of native and foreign language subtitles in films: an eye tracking study (2012)
Journal Article
Bisson, M., van Heuven, W. J., Conklin, K., & Tunney, R. J. (2014). Processing of native and foreign language subtitles in films: an eye tracking study. Applied Psycholinguistics, 35(2), 399-418. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0142716412000434

Foreign language (FL) films with subtitles are becoming increasingly popular, and many European countries use subtitling as a cheaper alternative to dubbing. However, the extent to which people process subtitles under different subtitling conditions... Read More about Processing of native and foreign language subtitles in films: an eye tracking study.

The processing of formulaic language (2012)
Journal Article
Conklin, K., & Schmitt, N. (2012). The processing of formulaic language. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 32, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0267190512000074

It is generally accepted that we store representations of individual words in our mental lexicon. There is growing agreement that the lexicon also contains formulaic language (How are you? kick the bucket). In fact, there are compelling reasons to th... Read More about The processing of formulaic language.

The influence of cross-language similarity on within- and between-language Stroop effects in trilinguals (2011)
Journal Article
van Heuven, W. J., Conklin, K., Coderre, E. L., Guo, T., & Dijkstra, T. (2011). The influence of cross-language similarity on within- and between-language Stroop effects in trilinguals. Frontiers in Psychology, 2(374), Article 374. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00374

This study investigated effects of cross-language similarity on within- and between-language Stroop interference and facilitation in three groups of trilinguals. Trilinguals were either proficient in three languages that use the same-script (alphabet... Read More about The influence of cross-language similarity on within- and between-language Stroop effects in trilinguals.

Electrophysiological measures of conflict detection and resolution in the Stroop task (2011)
Journal Article
Coderre, E. L., Conklin, K., & van Heuven, W. J. (2011). Electrophysiological measures of conflict detection and resolution in the Stroop task. Brain Research, 1413, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2011.07.017

Conflict detection and resolution is crucial in a cognitive task like the Stroop task. Previous studies have identified an early negativity component (Ninc) as a prominent marker of Stroop conflict in event-related potentials (ERPs). However, to what... Read More about Electrophysiological measures of conflict detection and resolution in the Stroop task.

Seeing a phrase “time and again” matters: the role of phrasal frequency in the processing of multiword sequences (2011)
Journal Article
Siyanova-Chanturia, A., Conklin, K., & van Heuven, W. J. (2011). Seeing a phrase “time and again” matters: the role of phrasal frequency in the processing of multiword sequences. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 37(3), https://doi.org/10.1037/a0022531

Are speakers sensitive to the frequency with which phrases occur in language. The authors report an eye-tracking study that investigates this by examining the processing of multiword sequences that differ in phrasal frequency by native and proficient... Read More about Seeing a phrase “time and again” matters: the role of phrasal frequency in the processing of multiword sequences.

Adding more fuel to the fire: an eye-tracking study of idiom processing by native and non-native speaker (2011)
Journal Article
Siyanova-Chanturia, A., Conklin, K., & Schmitt, N. (2011). Adding more fuel to the fire: an eye-tracking study of idiom processing by native and non-native speaker. Second Language Research, 27(2), https://doi.org/10.1177/0267658310382068

Using eye-tracking, we investigate on-line processing of idioms in a biasing story context by native and non-native speakers of English. The stimuli are idioms used figuratively (at the end of the day – ‘eventually’), literally (at the end of the day... Read More about Adding more fuel to the fire: an eye-tracking study of idiom processing by native and non-native speaker.

Fast automatic translation and morphological decomposition in Chinese- English bilinguals (2011)
Journal Article
Zhang, T., van Heuven, W. J., & Conklin, K. (2011). Fast automatic translation and morphological decomposition in Chinese- English bilinguals. Psychological Science, 22(10), https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797611421492

In this study, we investigated automatic translation from English to Chinese and subsequent morphological decomposition of translated Chinese compounds. In two lexical decision tasks, Chinese-English bilinguals responded to English target words that... Read More about Fast automatic translation and morphological decomposition in Chinese- English bilinguals.

Formulaic sequences: Are they processed more quickly than nonformulaic language by native and nonnative speakers? (2008)
Journal Article
Conklin, K., & Schmitt, N. (2008). Formulaic sequences: Are they processed more quickly than nonformulaic language by native and nonnative speakers?. Applied Linguistics, 29(1), 72-89. https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/amm022

It is generally accepted that formulaic sequences like take the bull by the horns serve an important function in discourse and are widespread in language. It is also generally believed that these sequences are processed more efficiently because singl... Read More about Formulaic sequences: Are they processed more quickly than nonformulaic language by native and nonnative speakers?.