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Molecular mechanisms underpinning favourable physiological adaptations to exercise prehabilitation for urological cancer surgery (2023)
Journal Article
Blackwell, J. E., Gharahdaghi, N., Deane, C. S., Brook, M. S., Williams, J. P., Lund, J. N., …Phillips, B. E. (2023). Molecular mechanisms underpinning favourable physiological adaptations to exercise prehabilitation for urological cancer surgery. Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41391-023-00774-z

BACKGROUND: Surgery for urological cancers is associated with high complication rates and survivors commonly experience fatigue, reduced physical ability and quality of life. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) as surgical prehabilitation has bee... Read More about Molecular mechanisms underpinning favourable physiological adaptations to exercise prehabilitation for urological cancer surgery.

Menstrual Cycle Associated Alteration of Vastus Lateralis Motor Unit Function (2023)
Journal Article
Piasecki, J., Guo, Y., Jones, E. J., Phillips, B. E., Stashuk, D. W., Atherton, P. J., & Piasecki, M. (2023). Menstrual Cycle Associated Alteration of Vastus Lateralis Motor Unit Function. Sports Medicine - Open, 9, Article 97. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-023-00639-8

Background: Estrogen and progesterone are the primary female sex hormones and have net excitatory and inhibitory effects, respectively, on neuronal function. Fluctuating concentrations across the menstrual cycle has led to several lines of research i... Read More about Menstrual Cycle Associated Alteration of Vastus Lateralis Motor Unit Function.

Protein dose requirements to maximise skeletal muscle protein synthesis after repeated bouts of resistance exercise in young trained women (2023)
Journal Article
MALLINSON, J., WARDLE, S., O'LEARY, T., GREEVES, J., CEGIELSKI, J., BASS, J., …GREENHAFF, P. (2023). Protein dose requirements to maximise skeletal muscle protein synthesis after repeated bouts of resistance exercise in young trained women. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, 33(12), 2470-2481. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.14506

Studies examining the effect of protein (PRO) feeding on post resistance exercise (RE) muscle protein synthesis (MPS) have primarily been performed in men, and little evidence is available regarding the quantity of PRO required to maximally stimulate... Read More about Protein dose requirements to maximise skeletal muscle protein synthesis after repeated bouts of resistance exercise in young trained women.

Contrast‐enhanced ultrasound repeatability for the measurement of skeletal muscle microvascular blood flow (2023)
Journal Article
Jones, E. J., Atherton, P. J., Piasecki, M., & Phillips, B. E. (2023). Contrast‐enhanced ultrasound repeatability for the measurement of skeletal muscle microvascular blood flow. Experimental Physiology, 108(4), 549-553. https://doi.org/10.1113/ep091034

Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) can be used to directly assess skeletal muscle perfusion. However, its repeatability over time has not yet been validated and therefore its use in longitudinal measures (i.e., exploring the impact of a chronic inte... Read More about Contrast‐enhanced ultrasound repeatability for the measurement of skeletal muscle microvascular blood flow.

Effects of GLP-1 Infusion Upon Whole-body Glucose Uptake and Skeletal Muscle Perfusion During Fed-state in Older Men (2022)
Journal Article
Abdulla, H., Phillips, B., Wilkinson, D., Gates, A., Limb, M., Jandova, T., …Atherton, P. (2023). Effects of GLP-1 Infusion Upon Whole-body Glucose Uptake and Skeletal Muscle Perfusion During Fed-state in Older Men. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 108(4), 971-978. https://doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgac613

Introduction Ageing skeletal muscles become both insulin resistant and atrophic. The hormone glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) facilitates postprandial glucose uptake as well as augmenting muscle perfusion, independent of insulin action. We thus hypot... Read More about Effects of GLP-1 Infusion Upon Whole-body Glucose Uptake and Skeletal Muscle Perfusion During Fed-state in Older Men.

Caloric restriction improves glycaemic control without reducing plasma branched-chain amino acids or keto-acids in obese men (2022)
Journal Article
Sayda, M. H., Abdul-Aziz, M. H., Gharahdaghi, N., Wilkinson, D. J., Greenhaff, P. L., Philips, B. E., …Atherton, P. J. (2022). Caloric restriction improves glycaemic control without reducing plasma branched-chain amino acids or keto-acids in obese men. Scientific Reports, 12, Article 19273. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-21814-z

Higher plasma leucine, isoleucine and valine (BCAA) concentrations are associated with diabetes, obesity and insulin resistance (IR). Here, we evaluated the effects of 6-weeks very-low calorie diet (VLCD) upon fasting BCAA in overweight (OW) non-diab... Read More about Caloric restriction improves glycaemic control without reducing plasma branched-chain amino acids or keto-acids in obese men.

Motor unit dysregulation following 15 days of unilateral lower limb immobilisation (2022)
Journal Article
Inns, T. B., Bass, J. J., Hardy, E. J., Wilkinson, D. J., Stashuk, D. W., Atherton, P. J., …Piasecki, M. (2022). Motor unit dysregulation following 15 days of unilateral lower limb immobilisation. Journal of Physiology, 600(21), 4753-4769. https://doi.org/10.1113/jp283425

Abstract: Disuse atrophy, caused by situations of unloading such as limb immobilisation, causes a rapid yet diverging reduction in skeletal muscle function when compared to muscle mass. While mechanistic insight into the loss of mass is well studied,... Read More about Motor unit dysregulation following 15 days of unilateral lower limb immobilisation.

The Association between Circulating Branched Chain Amino Acids and the Temporal Risk of Developing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review & Meta-Analysis (2022)
Journal Article
Ramzan, I., Ardavani, A., Vanweert, F., Mellett, A., Atherton, P. J., & Idris, I. (2022). The Association between Circulating Branched Chain Amino Acids and the Temporal Risk of Developing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review & Meta-Analysis. Nutrients, 14(20), Article 4411. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14204411

Introduction: Recent studies have concluded that elevated circulating branched chain amino acids (BCAA) are associated with the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity. However, the development of this association over time and th... Read More about The Association between Circulating Branched Chain Amino Acids and the Temporal Risk of Developing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review & Meta-Analysis.

The effects of elective abdominal surgery on protein turnover: A meta-analysis of stable isotope techniques to investigate postoperative catabolism (2022)
Journal Article
Jaconelli, M., Greenhaff, P. L., Atherton, P. J., Lobo, D. N., & Brook, M. S. (2022). The effects of elective abdominal surgery on protein turnover: A meta-analysis of stable isotope techniques to investigate postoperative catabolism. Clinical Nutrition, 41(3), 709-722. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2022.01.023

Background & aims Elective surgery induces skeletal muscle wasting driven by an imbalance between muscle protein synthesis and breakdown. From examination of diverse stable isotope tracer techniques, the dynamic processes driving this imbalance ar... Read More about The effects of elective abdominal surgery on protein turnover: A meta-analysis of stable isotope techniques to investigate postoperative catabolism.

Neuromuscular recruitment strategies of the vastus lateralis according to sex (2022)
Journal Article
Guo, Y., Jones, E. J., Inns, T. B., Ely, I. A., Stashuk, D. W., Wilkinson, D. J., …Piasecki, M. (2022). Neuromuscular recruitment strategies of the vastus lateralis according to sex. Acta Physiologica, 235(2), Article e13803. https://doi.org/10.1111/apha.13803

Aim: Despite males typically exhibiting greater muscle strength and fatigability than females, it remains unclear if there are sex-based differences in neuromuscular recruitment strategies e.g. recruitment and modulation of motor unit firing rate (MU... Read More about Neuromuscular recruitment strategies of the vastus lateralis according to sex.

Circulating testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone are associated with individual motor unit features in untrained and highly active older men (2021)
Journal Article
Guo, Y., Piasecki, J., Swiecicka, A., Ireland, A., Phillips, B. E., Atherton, P. J., …Piasecki, M. (2022). Circulating testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone are associated with individual motor unit features in untrained and highly active older men. GeroScience, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11357-021-00482-3

Long-term exercise training has been considered as an effective strategy to counteract age-related hormonal declines and minimise muscle atrophy. However, human data relating circulating hormone levels with motor nerve function are scant. The aims of... Read More about Circulating testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone are associated with individual motor unit features in untrained and highly active older men.

The importance of protein sources to support muscle anabolism in cancer: An expert group opinion (2021)
Journal Article
Ford, K. L., Arends, J., Atherton, P. J., Engelen, M. P., Gonçalves, T. J., Laviano, A., …Prado, C. M. (2022). The importance of protein sources to support muscle anabolism in cancer: An expert group opinion. Clinical Nutrition, 41(1), 192-201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2021.11.032

This opinion paper presents a short review of the potential impact of protein on muscle anabolism in cancer, which is associated with better patient outcomes. Protein source is a topic of interest for patients and clinicians, partly due to recent emp... Read More about The importance of protein sources to support muscle anabolism in cancer: An expert group opinion.

Feasibility RCT of neuromuscular electrical stimulation; an Intervention to Maintain and improve neuroMuscular function during periods of Immobility (IMMI): Protocol (2021)
Working Paper
Gladman, J., Aloraibi, S., Greenhaff, P., Piasecki, M., Phillips, B., Atherton, P., …Gordon, A. (0000). Feasibility RCT of neuromuscular electrical stimulation; an Intervention to Maintain and improve neuroMuscular function during periods of Immobility (IMMI): Protocol

East Midlands Research into Ageing Network (EMRAN) is a research collaboration across the East Midlands to facilitate collaborative applied clinical research into ageing and the care of older people. EMRAN was set up by NIHR CLAHRC East Midlands and... Read More about Feasibility RCT of neuromuscular electrical stimulation; an Intervention to Maintain and improve neuroMuscular function during periods of Immobility (IMMI): Protocol.

Green Tea Extract Concurrent with an Oral Nutritional Supplement Acutely Enhances Muscle Microvascular Blood Flow without Altering Leg Glucose Uptake in Healthy Older Adults (2021)
Journal Article
Din, U. S. U., Sian, T. S., Deane, C. S., Smith, K., Gates, A., Lund, J. N., …Phillips, B. E. (2021). Green Tea Extract Concurrent with an Oral Nutritional Supplement Acutely Enhances Muscle Microvascular Blood Flow without Altering Leg Glucose Uptake in Healthy Older Adults. Nutrients, 13(11), Article 3895. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13113895

Postprandial macro-and microvascular blood flow and metabolic dysfunction manifest with advancing age, so vascular transmuting interventions are desirable. In this randomised, singleblind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial, we investigated the impa... Read More about Green Tea Extract Concurrent with an Oral Nutritional Supplement Acutely Enhances Muscle Microvascular Blood Flow without Altering Leg Glucose Uptake in Healthy Older Adults.

Omega-3 supplementation during unilateral resistance exercise training in older women: A within subject and double-blind placebo-controlled trial (2021)
Journal Article
Brook, M. S., Din, U., Tarum, J., Selby, A., Quinlan, J., Bass, J. J., …Smith, K. (2021). Omega-3 supplementation during unilateral resistance exercise training in older women: A within subject and double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Clinical Nutrition ESPEN, 46, 394-404. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.09.729

Background & aims: The skeletal muscle anabolic effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) appear favoured towards women; a property that could be exploited in older women who typically exhibit poor muscle growth responses to resistance ex... Read More about Omega-3 supplementation during unilateral resistance exercise training in older women: A within subject and double-blind placebo-controlled trial.

Six weeks of high-intensity interval training enhances contractile activity induced vascular reactivity and skeletal muscle perfusion in older adults (2021)
Journal Article
Herrod, P. J., Atherton, P. J., Smith, K., Williams, J. P., Lund, J. N., & Phillips, B. E. (2021). Six weeks of high-intensity interval training enhances contractile activity induced vascular reactivity and skeletal muscle perfusion in older adults. GeroScience, 43(6), 2667-2678. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11357-021-00463-6

Impairments in muscle microvascular function are associated with the pathogenesis of sarcopenia and cardiovascular disease. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is an intervention by which a myriad of beneficial skeletal muscle/cardiovascular adap... Read More about Six weeks of high-intensity interval training enhances contractile activity induced vascular reactivity and skeletal muscle perfusion in older adults.

Transcriptomic links to muscle mass loss and declines in cumulative muscle protein synthesis during short-term disuse in healthy younger humans (2021)
Journal Article
Willis, C. R., Gallagher, I. J., Wilkinson, D. J., Brook, M. S., Bass, J. J., Phillips, B. E., …Atherton, P. J. (2021). Transcriptomic links to muscle mass loss and declines in cumulative muscle protein synthesis during short-term disuse in healthy younger humans. FASEB Journal, 35(9), Article e21830. https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.202100276RR

Muscle disuse leads to a rapid decline in muscle mass, with reduced muscle protein synthesis (MPS) considered the primary physiological mechanism. Here, we employed a systems biology approach to uncover molecular networks and key molecular candidates... Read More about Transcriptomic links to muscle mass loss and declines in cumulative muscle protein synthesis during short-term disuse in healthy younger humans.

Muscle and tendon adaptations to moderate load eccentric vs. concentric resistance exercise in young and older males (2021)
Journal Article
Quinlan, J. I., Franchi, M. V., Gharahdaghi, N., Badiali, F., Francis, S., Hale, A., …Narici, M. V. (2021). Muscle and tendon adaptations to moderate load eccentric vs. concentric resistance exercise in young and older males. GeroScience, 43(4), 1567-1584. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11357-021-00396-0

Resistance exercise training (RET) is well-known to counteract negative age-related changes in both muscle and tendon tissue. Traditional RET consists of both concentric (CON) and eccentric (ECC) contractions; nevertheless, isolated ECC contractions... Read More about Muscle and tendon adaptations to moderate load eccentric vs. concentric resistance exercise in young and older males.

Exploring the impact of COVID-19 on the willingness of older adults to participate in physiology research: views from past and potential volunteers (2021)
Journal Article
Deane, C. S., Gates, A., Traviss-Turner, G. D., Wilkinson, D. J., Smith, K., Atherton, P. J., & Phillips, B. E. (2021). Exploring the impact of COVID-19 on the willingness of older adults to participate in physiology research: views from past and potential volunteers. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, 46(9), 1147-1151. https://doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2021-0204

We explored the views of older (≥65 years) past and potential volunteers in regard to participating in physiology research during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using an online questionnaire and focus groups, we found that past volunteers (n=55) were more li... Read More about Exploring the impact of COVID-19 on the willingness of older adults to participate in physiology research: views from past and potential volunteers.

Myokine Responses to Exercise in a Rat Model of Low/High Adaptive Potential (2021)
Journal Article
Farrash, W. F., Phillips, B. E., Britton, S. L., Qi, N., Koch, L. G., Wilkinson, D. J., …Atherton, P. J. (2021). Myokine Responses to Exercise in a Rat Model of Low/High Adaptive Potential. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 12, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2021.645881

Introduction: Assuming myokines underlie some of the health benefits of exercise, we hypothesised that ‘high responder trainer’ (HRT) rats would exhibit distinct myokine profiles to ‘low responder trainers’ (LRT), reflecting distinct health and adapt... Read More about Myokine Responses to Exercise in a Rat Model of Low/High Adaptive Potential.

The physiological impact of high‐intensity interval training in octogenarians with comorbidities (2021)
Journal Article
Blackwell, J. E., Gharahdaghi, N., Brook, M. S., Watanabe, S., Boereboom, C. L., Doleman, B., …Phillips, B. E. (2021). The physiological impact of high‐intensity interval training in octogenarians with comorbidities. Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle, 12(4), 866-879. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcsm.12724

Background Declines in cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and fat-free mass (FFM) with age are linked to mortality, morbidity and poor quality of life. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) has been shown to improve CRF and FFM in many groups, but it... Read More about The physiological impact of high‐intensity interval training in octogenarians with comorbidities.

Combined in vivo muscle mass, muscle protein synthesis and muscle protein breakdown measurement: a ‘Combined Oral Stable Isotope Assessment of Muscle (COSIAM)’ approach (2021)
Journal Article
Cegielski, J., Wilkinson, D. J., Brook, M. S., Boereboom, C., Phillips, B. E., Gladman, J. F. R., …Atherton, P. J. (2021). Combined in vivo muscle mass, muscle protein synthesis and muscle protein breakdown measurement: a ‘Combined Oral Stable Isotope Assessment of Muscle (COSIAM)’ approach. GeroScience, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11357-021-00386-2

Atrophy Resistant vs. Atrophy Susceptible skeletal muscles: “aRaS” as a novel experimental paradigm to study the mechanisms of human disuse atrophy (2021)
Journal Article
Hardy, E., Inns, T., Wilkinson, D., Piasecki, M., Atherton, P., Phillips, B., …Smith, K. (2021). Atrophy Resistant vs. Atrophy Susceptible skeletal muscles: “aRaS” as a novel experimental paradigm to study the mechanisms of human disuse atrophy. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, Article 653060. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.653060

Objective: Disuse atrophy (DA) describes inactivity-induced skeletal muscle loss, through incompletely defined mechanisms. An intriguing observation is that individual muscles exhibit differing degrees of atrophy, despite exhibiting similar anatomica... Read More about Atrophy Resistant vs. Atrophy Susceptible skeletal muscles: “aRaS” as a novel experimental paradigm to study the mechanisms of human disuse atrophy.

Age-related changes in muscle architecture and metabolism in humans: The likely contribution of physical inactivity to age-related functional decline (2021)
Journal Article
Shur, N. F., Creedon, L., Skirrow, S., Atherton, P. J., MacDonald, I. A., Lund, J., & Greenhaff, P. L. (2021). Age-related changes in muscle architecture and metabolism in humans: The likely contribution of physical inactivity to age-related functional decline. Ageing Research Reviews, 68, Article 101344. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arr.2021.101344

In the United Kingdom (UK), it is projected that by 2035 people aged >65 years will make up 23 % of the population, with those aged >85 years accounting for 5% of the total population. Ageing is associated with progressive changes in muscle metabolis... Read More about Age-related changes in muscle architecture and metabolism in humans: The likely contribution of physical inactivity to age-related functional decline.

Factors associated with electrical stimulation?induced performance fatigability are dependent upon stimulation location (2021)
Journal Article
Inns, T. B., McCormick, D., Greig, C. A., Atherton, P. J., Phillips, B. E., & Piasecki, M. (2021). Factors associated with electrical stimulation?induced performance fatigability are dependent upon stimulation location. Experimental Physiology, 106(4), 828-836. https://doi.org/10.1113/ep089204

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) is increasingly viewed as a central tenet to minimise muscle loss during periods of disuse/illness – typically applied directly over a muscle belly. Peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) is afforded less atten... Read More about Factors associated with electrical stimulation?induced performance fatigability are dependent upon stimulation location.

A collagen hydrolysate/milk protein-blend stimulates muscle anabolism equivalently to an isoenergetic milk protein-blend containing a greater quantity of essential amino acids in older men (2021)
Journal Article
Brook, M., Scaife, P., Bass, J., Cegielski, J., Watanabe, S., Wilkinson, D., …Atherton, P. (2021). A collagen hydrolysate/milk protein-blend stimulates muscle anabolism equivalently to an isoenergetic milk protein-blend containing a greater quantity of essential amino acids in older men. Clinical Nutrition, 40(6), 4456-4464. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2021.01.002

Background & aims: Nutritional composition is key for skeletal muscle maintenance into older age. Yet the acute effects of collagen protein blended with other protein sources, in relation to skeletal muscle anabolism, are ill-defined. We investigated... Read More about A collagen hydrolysate/milk protein-blend stimulates muscle anabolism equivalently to an isoenergetic milk protein-blend containing a greater quantity of essential amino acids in older men.

A novel dietary intervention reduces circulatory branched-chain amino acids by 50%: A pilot study of relevance for obesity and diabetes (2020)
Journal Article
Ramzan, I., Taylor, M., Phillips, B., Wilkinson, D., Smith, K., Hession, K., …Atherton, P. (2021). A novel dietary intervention reduces circulatory branched-chain amino acids by 50%: A pilot study of relevance for obesity and diabetes. Nutrients, 13(1), Article 95. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13010095

© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. Elevated circulating branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs; isoleucine, leucine, and valine) are associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Reducing circulatory BCAAs by dietary restrictio... Read More about A novel dietary intervention reduces circulatory branched-chain amino acids by 50%: A pilot study of relevance for obesity and diabetes.

The mechanisms of skeletal muscle atrophy in response to transient knockdown of the vitamin D receptor in vivo (2020)
Journal Article
Bass, J. J., Kazi, A. A., Deane, C. S., Nakhuda, A., Ashcroft, S. P., Brook, M. S., …Atherton, P. J. (2021). The mechanisms of skeletal muscle atrophy in response to transient knockdown of the vitamin D receptor in vivo. Journal of Physiology, 599(3), 963-979. https://doi.org/10.1113/JP280652

Key points: Reduced vitamin D receptor (VDR) expression prompts skeletal muscle atrophy. Atrophy occurs through catabolic processes, namely the induction of autophagy, while anabolism remains unchanged. In response to VDR-knockdown mitochondrial func... Read More about The mechanisms of skeletal muscle atrophy in response to transient knockdown of the vitamin D receptor in vivo.

Molecular and neural adaptations to neuromuscular electrical stimulation; Implications for ageing muscle (2020)
Journal Article
Guo, Y., Phillips, B. E., Atherton, P. J., & Piasecki, M. (2021). Molecular and neural adaptations to neuromuscular electrical stimulation; Implications for ageing muscle. Mechanisms of Ageing and Development, 193, Article 111402. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mad.2020.111402

One of the most notable effects of ageing is an accelerated decline of skeletal muscle mass and function, resulting in various undesirable outcomes such as falls, frailty, and all-cause mortality. The loss of muscle mass directly leads to functional... Read More about Molecular and neural adaptations to neuromuscular electrical stimulation; Implications for ageing muscle.

Influence of sex on the age?related adaptations of neuromuscular function and motor unit properties in elite masters athletes (2020)
Journal Article
Piasecki, J., Inns, T. B., Bass, J. J., Scott, R., Stashuk, D. W., Phillips, B. E., …Piasecki, M. (2021). Influence of sex on the age‐related adaptations of neuromuscular function and motor unit properties in elite masters athletes. Journal of Physiology, 599(1), 193-205. https://doi.org/10.1113/jp280679

Motor unit (MU) remodelling acts to minimise loss of muscle fibres following denervation in older age, which may be more successful in masters athletes. Evidence suggests performance and neuromuscular function decline with age in this population, alt... Read More about Influence of sex on the age?related adaptations of neuromuscular function and motor unit properties in elite masters athletes.

Associations between plasma branched chain amino acids and health biomarkers in response to resistance exercise training across age (2020)
Journal Article
Sayda, M. H., Phillips, B. E., Williams, J. P., Greenhaff, P. L., Wilkinson, D. J., Smith, K., & Atherton, P. J. (2020). Associations between plasma branched chain amino acids and health biomarkers in response to resistance exercise training across age. Nutrients, 12(10), https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12103029

© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. Leucine, isoleucine and valine (i.e., the branched chain amino acids, BCAA) play a key role in the support and regulation of tissue protein regulation and also as energy substrates. However, p... Read More about Associations between plasma branched chain amino acids and health biomarkers in response to resistance exercise training across age.

Overexpression of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) induces skeletal muscle hypertrophy (2020)
Journal Article
Bass, J. J., Nakhuda, A., Deane, C. S., Brook, M. S., Wilkinson, D. J., Phillips, B. E., …Atherton, P. J. (2020). Overexpression of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) induces skeletal muscle hypertrophy. Molecular Metabolism, 42, Article 101059. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molmet.2020.101059

Objective The Vitamin D receptor (VDR) has been positively associated with skeletal muscle mass, function and regeneration. Mechanistic studies have focused upon loss of the receptor, with in vivo whole-body knockout models demonstrating reduced myo... Read More about Overexpression of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) induces skeletal muscle hypertrophy.

Molecular Transducers of Human Skeletal Muscle Remodeling under Different Loading States (2020)
Journal Article
Stokes, T., Timmons, J. A., Crossland, H., Tripp, T. R., Murphy, K., McGlory, C., …Phillips, S. M. (2020). Molecular Transducers of Human Skeletal Muscle Remodeling under Different Loading States. Cell Reports, 32(5), Article 107980. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107980

Loading of skeletal muscle changes the tissue phenotype reflecting altered metabolic and functional demands. In humans, heterogeneous adaptation to loading complicates the identification of the underpinning molecular regulators. A within-person diffe... Read More about Molecular Transducers of Human Skeletal Muscle Remodeling under Different Loading States.

Glucagon-like peptide 1 infusions overcome anabolic resistance to feeding in older human muscle (2020)
Journal Article
Abdulla, H., Phillips, B. E., Wilkinson, D. J., Limb, M., Jandova, T., Bass, J. J., …Atherton, P. J. (2020). Glucagon-like peptide 1 infusions overcome anabolic resistance to feeding in older human muscle. Aging Cell, 19(9), Article e13202. https://doi.org/10.1111/acel.13202

© 2020 The Authors. Aging Cell published by Anatomical Society and John Wiley & Sons Ltd Background: Despite its known insulin-independent effects, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) role in muscle protein turnover has not been explored under fed-stat... Read More about Glucagon-like peptide 1 infusions overcome anabolic resistance to feeding in older human muscle.

Untargeted metabolomics for uncovering biological markers of human skeletal muscle ageing (2020)
Journal Article
Wilkinson, D. J., Rodriguez-Blanco, G., Dunn, W. B., Phillips, B. E., Williams, J. P., Greenhaff, P. L., …Atherton, P. J. (2020). Untargeted metabolomics for uncovering biological markers of human skeletal muscle ageing. Aging, 12(13), 12517-12533. https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.103513

Ageing compromises skeletal muscle mass and function through poorly defined molecular aetiology. Here we have used untargeted metabolomics using UHPLC-MS to profile muscle tissue from young (n=10, 25±4y), middle aged (n=18, 50±4y) and older (n=18, 70... Read More about Untargeted metabolomics for uncovering biological markers of human skeletal muscle ageing.

Targeted genotype analyses of GWAS-derived lean body mass and handgrip strength-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms in elite masters athletes (2020)
Journal Article
Crossland, H., Piasecki, J., McCormick, D., Phillips, B. E., Wilkinson, D. J., Smith, K., …Atherton, P. J. (2020). Targeted genotype analyses of GWAS-derived lean body mass and handgrip strength-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms in elite masters athletes. AJP - Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, 319(2), R184-R194. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00110.2020

Recent large genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have independently identified a set of genetic loci associated with lean body mass (LBM) and handgrip strength (HGS). Evaluation of these candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) may be usef... Read More about Targeted genotype analyses of GWAS-derived lean body mass and handgrip strength-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms in elite masters athletes.

The Effect of Whey Protein Supplementation on Myofibrillar Protein Synthesis and Performance Recovery in Resistance-Trained Men (2020)
Journal Article
Davies, R. W., Bass, J. J., Carson, B. P., Norton, C., Kozior, M., Wilkinson, D. J., …Jakeman, P. M. (2020). The Effect of Whey Protein Supplementation on Myofibrillar Protein Synthesis and Performance Recovery in Resistance-Trained Men. Nutrients, 12(3), Article 845. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12030845

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of whey protein supplementation on myofibrillar protein synthesis (myoPS) and muscle recovery over a 7-d period of intensified resistance training (RT). Methods: In a double-blind random... Read More about The Effect of Whey Protein Supplementation on Myofibrillar Protein Synthesis and Performance Recovery in Resistance-Trained Men.

High-intensity interval training produces a significant improvement in fitness in less than 31 days before surgery for urological cancer: a randomised control trial (2020)
Journal Article
Blackwell, J. E. M., Doleman, B., Boereboom, C. L., Morton, A., Williams, S., Atherton, P., …Lund, J. N. (2020). High-intensity interval training produces a significant improvement in fitness in less than 31 days before surgery for urological cancer: a randomised control trial. Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases, 23, 696–704. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41391-020-0219-1

Objectives To assess the efficacy of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) for improving cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in patients awaiting resection for urological malignancy within four weeks. Subjects/patients and methods A randomised... Read More about High-intensity interval training produces a significant improvement in fitness in less than 31 days before surgery for urological cancer: a randomised control trial.

Exploring the Association between Vascular Dysfunction and Skeletal Muscle Mass, Strength and Function in Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review (2020)
Journal Article
Pereira, S. L., Dvoretskiy, S., Phillips, B. E., Lieblein-Boff, J. C., Atherton, P. J., & Jonnalagadda, S. (2020). Exploring the Association between Vascular Dysfunction and Skeletal Muscle Mass, Strength and Function in Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review. Nutrients, 12(3), 715. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12030715

Background: The prevalence of vascular dysfunction increases with advancing age, as does the loss of muscle mass, strength and function. This systematic review explores the association between vascular dysfunction and skeletal muscle health in health... Read More about Exploring the Association between Vascular Dysfunction and Skeletal Muscle Mass, Strength and Function in Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review.

A novel stable isotope tracer method to simultaneously quantify skeletal muscle protein synthesis and breakdown (2020)
Journal Article
Atherton, P. J., Crossland, H., Smith, K., Atherton, P. J., & Wilkinson, D. J. (2020). A novel stable isotope tracer method to simultaneously quantify skeletal muscle protein synthesis and breakdown. Metabolism Open, 5, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metop.2020.100022

Background/Aims: Methodological challenges have been associated with the dynamic measurement of muscle protein breakdown (MPB), as have the measurement of both muscle protein synthesis (MPS) and MPB within the same experiment. Our aim was to use the... Read More about A novel stable isotope tracer method to simultaneously quantify skeletal muscle protein synthesis and breakdown.

Network analysis of human muscle adaptation to aging and contraction (2020)
Journal Article
Etheridge, T., Willis, C., Atherton, P., Ames, R., Szewczyk, N., Deane, C., …Lund, J. (2020). Network analysis of human muscle adaptation to aging and contraction. Aging, 12(1), 740-755. https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.102653

Resistance exercise (RE) remains a primary approach for minimising aging muscle decline. Understanding muscle adaptation to individual contractile components of RE (eccentric, concentric) might optimise RE-based intervention strategies. Herein, we em... Read More about Network analysis of human muscle adaptation to aging and contraction.

Testosterone therapy induces molecular programming augmenting physiological adaptations to resistance exercise in older men (2019)
Journal Article
Gharahdaghi, N., Rudrappa, S., Brook, M. S., Idris, I., Crossland, H., Hamrock, C., …Atherton, P. J. (2019). Testosterone therapy induces molecular programming augmenting physiological adaptations to resistance exercise in older men. Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle, 10(6), 1276-1294. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcsm.12472

Background: The andropause is associated with declines in serum testosterone (T), loss of muscle mass (sarcopenia) and frailty. Two major interventions purported to offset sarcopenia are anabolic steroid therapies and resistance exercise training (RE... Read More about Testosterone therapy induces molecular programming augmenting physiological adaptations to resistance exercise in older men.

A statistical and biological response to an informatics appraisal of healthy aging gene signatures (2019)
Journal Article
Timmons, J. A., Gallagher, I. J., Sood, S., Phillips, B., Crossland, H., Howard, R., …Atherton, P. J. (2019). A statistical and biological response to an informatics appraisal of healthy aging gene signatures. Genome Biology, 20(1), 1-4. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13059-019-1734-z

Jacob and Speed did not identify even a single example of a ‘150-gene-set’ that was statistically significant at classifying Alzheimer’s disease (AD) samples, or age in independent studies. We attempt to clarify the various misunderstandings, below. Read More about A statistical and biological response to an informatics appraisal of healthy aging gene signatures.

The effect of oral essential amino acids on incretin hormone production in youth and ageing (2019)
Journal Article
Abdulla, H., Bass, J., Stokes, T., Gorissen, S., McGlory, C., Phillips, B., …Atherton, P. (2019). The effect of oral essential amino acids on incretin hormone production in youth and ageing. Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, 2(4), Article e00085. https://doi.org/10.1002/edm2.85

Background The effect of substantive doses of essential amino acids (EAA) on incretin and insulin production, and the impact of age upon this effect, is ill‐defined. Methods A 15‐g oral EAA drink was administered to young (N = 8; 26 ± 4.4 years)... Read More about The effect of oral essential amino acids on incretin hormone production in youth and ageing.

Differential Stimulation of Post-Exercise Myofibrillar Protein Synthesis in Humans Following Isonitrogenous, Isocaloric Pre-Exercise Feeding (2019)
Journal Article
Davies, R. W., Bass, J. J., Carson, B. P., Norton, C., Kozior, M., Amigo-Benavent, M., …Jakeman, P. M. (2019). Differential Stimulation of Post-Exercise Myofibrillar Protein Synthesis in Humans Following Isonitrogenous, Isocaloric Pre-Exercise Feeding. Nutrients, 11(7), Article 1657. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11071657

The aim of this study was to test the effects of two disparate isonitrogenous, isocaloric pre-exercise feeds on deuterium-oxide (D2O) derived measures of myofibrillar protein synthesis (myoPS) in humans. Methods: In a double-blind parallel group desi... Read More about Differential Stimulation of Post-Exercise Myofibrillar Protein Synthesis in Humans Following Isonitrogenous, Isocaloric Pre-Exercise Feeding.

The acute transcriptional response to resistance exercise: impact of age and contraction mode (2019)
Journal Article
Deane, C. S., Ames, R. M., Phillips, B. E., Weedon, M. N., Willis, C. R., Boereboom, C., …Etheridge, T. (2019). The acute transcriptional response to resistance exercise: impact of age and contraction mode. Aging, 11(7), 2111-2126. https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.101904

Optimization of resistance exercise (RE) remains a hotbed of research for muscle building and maintenance. However, the interactions between the contractile components of RE (i.e. concentric (CON) and eccentric (ECC)) and age, are poorly defined. We... Read More about The acute transcriptional response to resistance exercise: impact of age and contraction mode.

Gene-based analysis of angiogenesis, mitochondrial and insulin-related pathways in skeletal muscle of older individuals following nutraceutical supplementation (2019)
Journal Article
Crossland, H., Pereira, S. L., Smith, K., Phillips, B. E., & Atherton, P. J. (2019). Gene-based analysis of angiogenesis, mitochondrial and insulin-related pathways in skeletal muscle of older individuals following nutraceutical supplementation. Journal of Functional Foods, 56, 216-223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2019.03.022

Cocoa flavanols and fish oil omega-3 fatty acids are two bio-active nutrients that may improve muscle microvascular function, insulin sensitivity and mitochondrial function in older adults. We assessed changes in gene expression of these pathways in... Read More about Gene-based analysis of angiogenesis, mitochondrial and insulin-related pathways in skeletal muscle of older individuals following nutraceutical supplementation.

The efficacy of ‘static’ training interventions for improving indices of cardiorespiratory fitness in premenopausal females (2018)
Journal Article
Herrod, P. J. J., Blackwell, J. E. M., Moss, B. F., Gates, A., Atherton, P. J., Lund, J. N., …Phillips, B. E. (2019). The efficacy of ‘static’ training interventions for improving indices of cardiorespiratory fitness in premenopausal females. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 119(3), 645-652. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-018-4054-1

PURPOSE: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide. Many risk factors for CVD can be modified pharmacologically; however, uptake of medications is low, especially in asymptomatic people. Exercise is also effective at reduc... Read More about The efficacy of ‘static’ training interventions for improving indices of cardiorespiratory fitness in premenopausal females.

A double-blind placebo controlled trial into the impacts of HMB supplementation and exercise on free-living muscle protein synthesis, muscle mass and function, in older adults (2018)
Journal Article
Din, U., Brook, M., Selby, A. L., Quinlan, J. I., Boereboom, C., Abdullah, H., …Smith, K. (2019). A double-blind placebo controlled trial into the impacts of HMB supplementation and exercise on free-living muscle protein synthesis, muscle mass and function, in older adults. Clinical Nutrition, 38(5), 2071-2078. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2018.09.025

Age-related sarcopenia and dynapenia are associated with frailty and metabolic diseases. Resistance exercise training (RET) adjuvant to evidence-based nutritional intervention(s) have been shown as mitigating strategies. Given that HMB supplementatio... Read More about A double-blind placebo controlled trial into the impacts of HMB supplementation and exercise on free-living muscle protein synthesis, muscle mass and function, in older adults.

Physiological adaptations to resistance training in rats selectively bred for low and high response to aerobic exercise training (2018)
Journal Article
Ahtiainen, J. P., Lensu, S., Ruotsalainen, I., Schumann, M., Ihalainen, J. K., Fachada, V., …Kainulainen, H. (2018). Physiological adaptations to resistance training in rats selectively bred for low and high response to aerobic exercise training. Experimental Physiology, https://doi.org/10.1113/ep087144

The purpose of this study was to determine whether rats selectively bred for low and high response to aerobic exercise training co-segregate for differences in muscle adaptations to ladder-climbing resistance training. Five high-responder (HRT) and f... Read More about Physiological adaptations to resistance training in rats selectively bred for low and high response to aerobic exercise training.

The metabolic and molecular mechanisms of hyperammonaemia and hyperethanolaemia induced protein catabolism in skeletal muscle cells (2018)
Journal Article
Crossland, H., Smith, K., Atherton, P. J., & Wilkinson, D. J. (2018). The metabolic and molecular mechanisms of hyperammonaemia and hyperethanolaemia induced protein catabolism in skeletal muscle cells. Journal of Cellular Physiology, 233(12), 9663-9673. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcp.26881

Hyperammonaemia and hyperethanolaemia are thought to be driving factors behind skeletal muscle myopathy in liver disease i.e. cirrhosis. Despite this, the singular and combined impacts of ethanol and ammonia induced protein catabolism are poorly defi... Read More about The metabolic and molecular mechanisms of hyperammonaemia and hyperethanolaemia induced protein catabolism in skeletal muscle cells.

The age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass and function: measurement and physiology of muscle fibre atrophy and muscle fibre loss in humans (2018)
Journal Article
Wilkinson, D. J., Piasecki, M., & Atherton, P. J. (2018). The age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass and function: measurement and physiology of muscle fibre atrophy and muscle fibre loss in humans. Ageing Research Reviews, 47, 123-132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arr.2018.07.005

Age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass and function, sarcopenia, is associated with physical frailty and increased risk of morbidity (chronic diseases), in addition to all-cause mortality. The loss of muscle mass occurs incipiently from middle-age... Read More about The age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass and function: measurement and physiology of muscle fibre atrophy and muscle fibre loss in humans.

A coding and non-coding transcriptomic perspective on the genomics of human metabolic disease (2018)
Journal Article
Timmons, J. A., Atherton, P. J., Larsson, O., Sood, S., Blokhin, I. O., Brogan, R. J., …Kraus, W. E. (2018). A coding and non-coding transcriptomic perspective on the genomics of human metabolic disease. Nucleic Acids Research, 46(15), 7772-7792. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gky570

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS), relying on hundreds of thousands of individuals, have revealed >200 genomic loci linked to metabolic disease (MD). Loss of insulin sensitivity (IS) is a key component of MD and we hypothesized that discovery of... Read More about A coding and non-coding transcriptomic perspective on the genomics of human metabolic disease.

Tart cherry concentrate does not enhance muscle protein synthesis response to exercise and protein in healthy older men (2018)
Journal Article
Jackman, S. R., Brook, M. S., Pulsford, R. M., Cockcroft, E. J., Campbell, M. I., Rankin, D., …Bowtell, J. L. (2018). Tart cherry concentrate does not enhance muscle protein synthesis response to exercise and protein in healthy older men. Experimental Gerontology, 110, 202-208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exger.2018.06.007

Background: Oxidative stress and inflammation may contribute to anabolic resistance in response to protein and exercise in older adults. We investigated whether consumption of montmorency cherry concentrate (MCC) increased anabolic sensitivity to pro... Read More about Tart cherry concentrate does not enhance muscle protein synthesis response to exercise and protein in healthy older men.

Environmental hypoxia favors myoblast differentiation and fast phenotype but blunts activation of protein synthesis after resistance exercise in human skeletal muscle (2018)
Journal Article
Gnimassou, O., Fernández-Verdejo, R., Brook, M., Naslain, D., Balan, E., Sayda, M., …Deldicque, L. (2018). Environmental hypoxia favors myoblast differentiation and fast phenotype but blunts activation of protein synthesis after resistance exercise in human skeletal muscle. FASEB Journal, 32, https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.201800049rr

We hypothesized that a single session of resistance exercise performed in moderate hypoxic (FiO2: 14%) environmental conditions would potentiate the anabolic response during the recovery period spent in normoxia. Twenty subjects performed a 1-leg kne... Read More about Environmental hypoxia favors myoblast differentiation and fast phenotype but blunts activation of protein synthesis after resistance exercise in human skeletal muscle.

Human skeletal muscle is refractory to the anabolic effects of leucine during the postprandial muscle-full period in older men (2017)
Journal Article
Mitchell, W. K., Phillips, B. E., Hill, I., Greenhaff, P. L., Lund, J. N., Williams, J. P., …Atherton, P. J. (2017). Human skeletal muscle is refractory to the anabolic effects of leucine during the postprandial muscle-full period in older men. Clinical Science, 131(21), https://doi.org/10.1042/CS20171230

Leucine modulates muscle protein synthesis (MPS), with potential to facilitate accrual/maintenance of muscle mass. Animal models suggest that leucine boluses shortly after meals may prolong MPS and delay onset of a “muscle-full” state. However, the e... Read More about Human skeletal muscle is refractory to the anabolic effects of leucine during the postprandial muscle-full period in older men.

A novel puromycin decorporation method to quantify skeletal muscle protein breakdown: a proof-of-concept study (2017)
Journal Article
Crossland, H., Smith, K., Atherton, P. J., & Wilkinson, D. J. (2017). A novel puromycin decorporation method to quantify skeletal muscle protein breakdown: a proof-of-concept study. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 494(3-4), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.10.085

The precise roles that the major proteolytic pathways play in the regulation of skeletal muscle mass remain incompletely understood, in part due to technical limitations associated with current techniques used to quantify muscle protein breakdown (MP... Read More about A novel puromycin decorporation method to quantify skeletal muscle protein breakdown: a proof-of-concept study.

Impact of the calcium form of ?-hydroxy-?-methylbutyrate upon human skeletal muscle protein metabolism (2017)
Journal Article
Wilkinson, D. J., Hossain, T., Limb, M. C., Phillips, B. E., Lund, J., Williams, J. P., …Atherton, P. J. (2018). Impact of the calcium form of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate upon human skeletal muscle protein metabolism. Clinical Nutrition, 37(6), 2068-2075. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2017.09.024

© 2017 The Authors Background & aims: β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) is purported as a key nutritional supplement for the preservation of muscle mass in health, disease and as an ergogenic aid in exercise. Of the two available forms of HMB (calcium... Read More about Impact of the calcium form of ?-hydroxy-?-methylbutyrate upon human skeletal muscle protein metabolism.

Effects of leucine-enriched essential amino acid and whey protein bolus dosing upon skeletal muscle protein synthesis at rest and after exercise in older women (2017)
Journal Article
Wilkinson, D. J., Bukhari, S. S., Phillips, B. E., Limb, M. C., Cegielski, J., Brook, M. S., …Atherton, P. J. (2018). Effects of leucine-enriched essential amino acid and whey protein bolus dosing upon skeletal muscle protein synthesis at rest and after exercise in older women. Clinical Nutrition, 37(6), 2011-2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2017.09.008

© 2017 The Authors Background & aims: Impaired anabolic responses to nutrition and exercise contribute to loss of skeletal muscle mass with ageing (sarcopenia). Here, we tested responses of muscle protein synthesis (MPS), in the under represented gr... Read More about Effects of leucine-enriched essential amino acid and whey protein bolus dosing upon skeletal muscle protein synthesis at rest and after exercise in older women.

The efficacy of unsupervised home-based exercise regimens in comparison to supervised lab-based exercise training upon cardio-respiratory health facets (2017)
Journal Article
Blackwell, J., Atherton, P. J., Smith, K., Doleman, B., Williams, J. P., Lund, J. N., & Phillips, B. E. (2017). The efficacy of unsupervised home-based exercise regimens in comparison to supervised lab-based exercise training upon cardio-respiratory health facets. Physiological Reports, 5(16), Article e13390. https://doi.org/10.14814/phy2.13390

Supervised high-intensity interval training (HIIT) can rapidly improve cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). However, the effectiveness of time-efficient unsupervised home-based interventions is unknown. Eighteen volunteers completed either: laboratory-HI... Read More about The efficacy of unsupervised home-based exercise regimens in comparison to supervised lab-based exercise training upon cardio-respiratory health facets.

A 4-week, lifestyle-integrated, home-based exercise training programme elicits improvements in physical function and lean mass in older men and women: a pilot study (2017)
Journal Article
Cegielski, J., Brook, M. S., Quinlan, J. I., Wilkinson, D. J., Smith, K., Atherton, P. J., & Phillips, B. E. (2017). A 4-week, lifestyle-integrated, home-based exercise training programme elicits improvements in physical function and lean mass in older men and women: a pilot study. F1000Research, https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.11894.2

Background: Developing alternative exercise programmes that can alleviate certain barriers to exercise such as psychological, environmental or socio-economical barriers, but provide similar physiological benefits e.g. increases in muscle mass and str... Read More about A 4-week, lifestyle-integrated, home-based exercise training programme elicits improvements in physical function and lean mass in older men and women: a pilot study.

A practical and time-efficient high-intensity interval training program modifies cardio-metabolic risk factors in adults with risk factors for type ii diabetes (2017)
Journal Article
Phillips, B. E., Kelly, B. M., Lilja, M., Ponce-González, J. G., Brogan, R. J., Morris, D. L., …Timmons, J. A. (2017). A practical and time-efficient high-intensity interval training program modifies cardio-metabolic risk factors in adults with risk factors for type ii diabetes. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 8, Article 229. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2017.00229

Introduction: Regular physical activity (PA) can reduce the risk of developing type 2 diabetes, but adherence to time-orientated (150 min week−1 or more) PA guidelines is very poor. A practical and time-efficient PA regime that was equally efficaciou... Read More about A practical and time-efficient high-intensity interval training program modifies cardio-metabolic risk factors in adults with risk factors for type ii diabetes.

Physiological adaptations to resistance exercise as a function of age (2017)
Journal Article
Phillips, B. E., Williams, J. P., Greenhaff, P. L., Smith, K., & Atherton, P. J. (2017). Physiological adaptations to resistance exercise as a function of age. JCI insight, 2(17), Article e95581. https://doi.org/10.1172/jci.insight.95581

BACKGROUND. The impact of resistance exercise training (RE-T) across the life span is poorly defined. METHODS. To resolve this, we recruited three distinct age cohorts of young (18–28 years; n = 11), middle-aged (45–55 years; n = 20), and... Read More about Physiological adaptations to resistance exercise as a function of age.

Nutrient modulation in the management of disease-induced muscle wasting: evidence from human studies (2017)
Journal Article
Brook, M. S., Wilkinson, D. J., & Atherton, P. J. (2017). Nutrient modulation in the management of disease-induced muscle wasting: evidence from human studies. Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care, 20(6), 433-439. https://doi.org/10.1097/MCO.0000000000000413

Purpose of review: In addition to being essential for movement, skeletal muscles act as both a store and source of key macronutrients. As such, muscle is an important tissue for whole body homeostasis, undergoing muscle wasting in times of starvation... Read More about Nutrient modulation in the management of disease-induced muscle wasting: evidence from human studies.

Enriching a protein drink with leucine augments muscle protein synthesis after resistance exercise in young and older men (2016)
Journal Article
Atherton, P. J., Kumar, V., Selby, A. L., Rankin, D., Hildebrandt, W., Phillips, B. E., …Smith, K. (2017). Enriching a protein drink with leucine augments muscle protein synthesis after resistance exercise in young and older men. Clinical Nutrition, 36(3), 888-895. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2016.04.025

© 2016 Elsevier Ltd and European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism Maximizing anabolic responses to feeding and exercise is crucial for muscle maintenance and adaptation to exercise training. We hypothesized that enriching a protein drink... Read More about Enriching a protein drink with leucine augments muscle protein synthesis after resistance exercise in young and older men.

iGEMS: an integrated model for identification of alternative exon usage events (2016)
Journal Article
Sood, S., Szkop, K. J., Nakhuda, A., Gallagher, I. J., Murie, C., Brogan, R. J., …Timmons, J. A. (2016). iGEMS: an integrated model for identification of alternative exon usage events. Nucleic Acids Research, 44(11), e109. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkw263

DNA microarrays and RNAseq are complementary methods for studying RNA molecules. Current computational methods to determine alternative exon usage (AEU) using such data require impractical visual inspection and still yield high false-positive rates.... Read More about iGEMS: an integrated model for identification of alternative exon usage events.

A novel multi-tissue RNA diagnostic of healthy ageing relates to cognitive health status (2015)
Journal Article
Crossland, H., Sood, S., PHILLIPS, B., Gallagher, I. J., ATHERTON, P., Lunnon, K., …Timmons, A. H. A. J. A. (2015). A novel multi-tissue RNA diagnostic of healthy ageing relates to cognitive health status. Genome Biology, 16(1), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13059-015-0750-x

Background Diagnostics of the human ageing process may help predict future healthcare needs or guide preventative measures for tackling diseases of older age. We take a transcriptomics approach to build the first reproducible multi-tissue RNA expres... Read More about A novel multi-tissue RNA diagnostic of healthy ageing relates to cognitive health status.

Internal comparison between deuterium oxide (D2O) and L-[ring-13C6] phenylalanine for acute measurement of muscle protein synthesis in humans (2015)
Journal Article
Smith, K., Cegielski, J., Wilkinson, D., Phillips, B., Boereboom, C., Lund, J., & Atherton, P. (2015). Internal comparison between deuterium oxide (D2O) and L-[ring-13C6] phenylalanine for acute measurement of muscle protein synthesis in humans. Physiological Reports, 3(7), https://doi.org/10.14814/phy2.12433

Stable isotope tracer methodologies are becoming increasingly widespread in metabolic research; yet a number of factors restrict their implementation, such as, i.v infusions, multiple cannulae, tissue samples, and significant cost. We recently valida... Read More about Internal comparison between deuterium oxide (D2O) and L-[ring-13C6] phenylalanine for acute measurement of muscle protein synthesis in humans.

Intake of low-dose leucine-rich essential amino acids stimulates muscle anabolism equivalently to bolus whey protein in older women at rest and after exercise (2015)
Journal Article
Bukhari, S. S., Phillips, B. E., Wilkinson, D. J., Limb, M. C., Rankin, D., Mitchell, W. K., …Atherton, P. J. (2015). Intake of low-dose leucine-rich essential amino acids stimulates muscle anabolism equivalently to bolus whey protein in older women at rest and after exercise. AJP - Endocrinology and Metabolism, 308(12), E1056-E1065. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00481.2014

© 2015 American Physiological Society. All Rights Reseved. Dysregulated anabolic responses to nutrition/exercise may contribute to sarcopenia; however, these characteristics are poorly defined in female populations. We determined the effects of two f... Read More about Intake of low-dose leucine-rich essential amino acids stimulates muscle anabolism equivalently to bolus whey protein in older women at rest and after exercise.

Skeletal muscle hypertrophy adaptations predominate in the early stages of resistance exercise training, matching deuterium oxide-derived measures of muscle protein synthesis and mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 signaling (2015)
Journal Article
Brook, M. S., Wilkinson, D. J., Mitchell, W. K., Lund, J. N., Szewczyk, N. J., Greenhaff, P. L., …Atherton, P. (2015). Skeletal muscle hypertrophy adaptations predominate in the early stages of resistance exercise training, matching deuterium oxide-derived measures of muscle protein synthesis and mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 signaling. FASEB Journal, 29(11), https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.15-273755

A dose- rather than delivery profile-dependent mechanism regulates the "muscle-full" effect in response to oral essential amino acid intake in young men (2014)
Journal Article
Mitchell, W. K., Phillips, B. E., Williams, J. P., Rankin, D., Lund, J. N., Smith, K., & Atherton, P. J. (2015). A dose- rather than delivery profile-dependent mechanism regulates the "muscle-full" effect in response to oral essential amino acid intake in young men. Journal of Nutrition, 145(2), https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.114.199604

Background: The anabolic response of skeletal muscle to essential amino acids (EAAs) is dose dependent, maximal at modest doses, and short lived, even with continued EAA availability, a phenomenon termed “muscle-full.” However, the effect of EAA inge... Read More about A dose- rather than delivery profile-dependent mechanism regulates the "muscle-full" effect in response to oral essential amino acid intake in young men.

Protein Carbonylation and Heat Shock Proteins in Human Skeletal Muscle: Relationships to Age and Sarcopenia (2014)
Journal Article
Beltran Valls, M. R., Wilkinson, D. J., Narici, M. V., Phillips, B. E., Smith, K., Caporossi, D., & Atherton, P. J. (2015). Protein Carbonylation and Heat Shock Proteins in Human Skeletal Muscle: Relationships to Age and Sarcopenia. Journals of Gerontology, Series A, 70(2), 174-181. https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glu007

Aging is associated with a gradual loss of muscle mass termed sarcopenia, which has significant impact on quality-of-life. Because oxidative stress is proposed to negatively impact upon musculoskeletal aging, we investigated links between human aging... Read More about Protein Carbonylation and Heat Shock Proteins in Human Skeletal Muscle: Relationships to Age and Sarcopenia.

Molecular networks of human muscle adaptation to exercise and age (2013)
Journal Article
Phillips, B. E., Williams, J. P., Gustafsson, T., Bouchard, C., Rankinen, T., Knudsen, S., …Atherton, P. J. (2013). Molecular networks of human muscle adaptation to exercise and age. PLoS Genetics, 9(3), Article e1003389. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1003389

Physical activity and molecular ageing presumably interact to precipitate musculoskeletal decline in humans with age. Herein, we have delineated molecular networks for these two major components of sarcopenic risk using multiple independent clinical... Read More about Molecular networks of human muscle adaptation to exercise and age.

Effect of colon cancer and surgical resection on skeletal muscle mitochondrial enzyme activity in colon cancer patients: a pilot study (2012)
Journal Article
Phillips, B. E., Smith, K., Liptrot, S., Atherton, P. J., Varadhan, K., Rennie, M. J., …Williams, J. P. (2013). Effect of colon cancer and surgical resection on skeletal muscle mitochondrial enzyme activity in colon cancer patients: a pilot study. Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle, 4(1), 71-77. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13539-012-0073-7