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AC/DC Converter Topologies Comparison for More Electric Aircraft Applications (2022)
Conference Proceeding
Khera, F. A., Gerada, C., Bozhko, S., & Wheeler, P. W. (2022). AC/DC Converter Topologies Comparison for More Electric Aircraft Applications. In 2022 IEEE 7th Southern Power Electronics Conference (SPEC). https://doi.org/10.1109/SPEC55080.2022.10058465

This paper compares the potential AC/DC power converter topologies that are appropriate for medium voltage and medium/high power aircraft applications. The power converter's rated power and the DC distribution voltage level in this application assume... Read More about AC/DC Converter Topologies Comparison for More Electric Aircraft Applications.

Surface Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines: High Speed Design and Limits (2022)
Journal Article
Gallicchio, G., Nardo, M. D., Palmieri, M., Ilkhani, M. R., Degano, M., Gerada, C., & Cupertino, F. (2023). Surface Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines: High Speed Design and Limits. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, 38(2), 1311-1324. https://doi.org/10.1109/tec.2022.3225224

Surface permanent magnet synchronous machines are one of the most widely adopted machine topologies in high-speed applications where efficiency and power factor cannot be compromised. Although the design of such machine type has been extensively inve... Read More about Surface Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines: High Speed Design and Limits.

Airgap Length Analysis of a 350kW PM-Assisted Syn-Rel Machine for Heavy Duty EV Traction (2022)
Journal Article
Zou, T., Gerada, D., La Rocca, S., La Rocca, A., Walker, A., Vakil, G., …Gerada, C. (2023). Airgap Length Analysis of a 350kW PM-Assisted Syn-Rel Machine for Heavy Duty EV Traction. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 59(2), 1557-1570. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2022.3225255

Synchronous reluctance (Syn-Rel) machines with embedded permanent magnets (PMs) are research hotspots in variable speed motor drives due to their robust rotor structure and wide constant power speed range (CPSR). In this paper, the potential of PM-as... Read More about Airgap Length Analysis of a 350kW PM-Assisted Syn-Rel Machine for Heavy Duty EV Traction.

2-DOF Decoupled Discrete Current Control for AC Drives at Low Sampling-to-Fundamental Frequency Ratios (2022)
Journal Article
Wang, M., Buticchi, G., Li, J., Gu, C., Gerada, D., Degano, M., …Gerada, C. (2023). 2-DOF Decoupled Discrete Current Control for AC Drives at Low Sampling-to-Fundamental Frequency Ratios. IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification, 9(2), 2048-2058. https://doi.org/10.1109/TTE.2022.3210909

In high performance drive systems, wide bandwidth and reference tracking accuracy of current control loop are fundamental requirements. The conventional PI controller provides robustness against the machine parameter mismatching and zero steady-state... Read More about 2-DOF Decoupled Discrete Current Control for AC Drives at Low Sampling-to-Fundamental Frequency Ratios.

Comparative Stability Analysis of Synchronous Reference Frame Current Controllers Operated at High Fundamental Frequency (2022)
Journal Article
Diab, A. M., Guo, F., Yeoh, S. S., Bozhko, S., Gerada, C., & Galea, M. (2022). Comparative Stability Analysis of Synchronous Reference Frame Current Controllers Operated at High Fundamental Frequency. IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification, https://doi.org/10.1109/TTE.2022.3208825

Synchronous reference frame (SRF) proportional-integral (PI) current controller (CC) is the most well-established solution for current regulation in AC machine drives and grid-connected voltage source converters. The design of high dynamic performanc... Read More about Comparative Stability Analysis of Synchronous Reference Frame Current Controllers Operated at High Fundamental Frequency.

Performance Assessment of Standard Cooling Strategies for Hairpin Windings (2022)
Conference Proceeding
La Rocca, A., La Rocca, S., Zou, T., Liu, C., Moslemin, M., Gerada, C., & Cairns, A. (2022). Performance Assessment of Standard Cooling Strategies for Hairpin Windings. In 2022 International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM) (1163-1169). https://doi.org/10.1109/icem51905.2022.9910733

This paper aims to assess the performance of some standard cooling strategies which are commonly used in traction electric motors for electric vehicles (EVs) employing hairpin windings. The use of such type of coils does normally lead to higher power... Read More about Performance Assessment of Standard Cooling Strategies for Hairpin Windings.

Modelling, Analysis, and Design of a Line-Start Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (2022)
Conference Proceeding
Vannini, A., Simonelli, C., Marfoli, A., Papini, L., Bolognesi, P., & Gerada, C. (2022). Modelling, Analysis, and Design of a Line-Start Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor. . https://doi.org/10.1109/icem51905.2022.9910937

Line-Start Permanent Magnet Motors are a valid alternative to conventional three-phase induction motors and wound-field synchronous machines for fixed-speed applications direct fed by the grid, targeting superior efficiency and high reliability. A ge... Read More about Modelling, Analysis, and Design of a Line-Start Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor.

Power Loss and Performance Analysis of a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor for Actuator Applications (2022)
Conference Proceeding
Tameemi, A., Degano, M., Di Nardo, M., Murataliyev, M., Gerada, D., Xu, Z., & Gerada, C. (2022). Power Loss and Performance Analysis of a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor for Actuator Applications. In 2022 International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM) (807-813). https://doi.org/10.1109/icem51905.2022.9910911

Permanent magnet synchronous motors are very suitable in applications demanding high power density with high performance requirements, such as in aerospace actuators. Achieving high performance targets while keeping the total weight of the electrical... Read More about Power Loss and Performance Analysis of a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor for Actuator Applications.

On the Fault Tolerance and PM Demagnetisation of a High-Performance Aircraft Propulsion Motor (2022)
Conference Proceeding
Hebala, A., Nuzzo, S., Connor, P. H., Gerada, C., & Galea, M. (2022). On the Fault Tolerance and PM Demagnetisation of a High-Performance Aircraft Propulsion Motor. . https://doi.org/10.1109/icem51905.2022.9910866

In this paper, a study of the fault-tolerance and demagnetisation of a high-performance aircraft propulsion motor is investigated. The motor is proposed with either three or four sets of three-phase windings, while maintaining the same magnetic and t... Read More about On the Fault Tolerance and PM Demagnetisation of a High-Performance Aircraft Propulsion Motor.

Comparative Analysis of Synchronous Reluctance Machine against Conventional Induction Machine for Railway Traction (2022)
Conference Proceeding
Tom, L., Khowja, M. R., Ramanathan, R., Vakil, G., & Gerada, C. (2022). Comparative Analysis of Synchronous Reluctance Machine against Conventional Induction Machine for Railway Traction. In 2022 International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM 2022) (69-76). https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEM51905.2022.9910767

Electrification in railway industry offers better performing trains with reduced pollution and maximised capacity. SynREL is gaining more interest as a candidate for traction application in place of IM due to its simple and robust structure. Conseque... Read More about Comparative Analysis of Synchronous Reluctance Machine against Conventional Induction Machine for Railway Traction.

Fast Sizing Tool and Optimization Technique for Concentrated Wound Slotless Outer Rotor Motor for eVTOL Application (2022)
Conference Proceeding
Dave, N., Gerada, D., Vakil, G., Zhang, H., Shi, B., Zhang, F., …Gerada, C. (2022). Fast Sizing Tool and Optimization Technique for Concentrated Wound Slotless Outer Rotor Motor for eVTOL Application. In 2022 International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM) (2094-2099). https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEM51905.2022.9910584

This paper aims to present the feasibility and advantages of slotless motors for electric aircraft applications. Currently, eVTOL (electric vertical takeoff and landing) aircraft are equipped with a slotted motor with concentrated windings and an out... Read More about Fast Sizing Tool and Optimization Technique for Concentrated Wound Slotless Outer Rotor Motor for eVTOL Application.

Concept and Preliminary Sizing of a Dual DC-Bus Homopolar Generator Using Diode Rectifiers (2022)
Conference Proceeding
Vannini, A., Papini, L., Marfoli, A., Gerada, C., & Bolognesi, P. (2022). Concept and Preliminary Sizing of a Dual DC-Bus Homopolar Generator Using Diode Rectifiers. In 2022 International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM) (2074-2080). https://doi.org/10.1109/icem51905.2022.9910897

Synchronous Homopolar Generators represent an attractive solution for the future of power generation in propulsive systems based on hybrid turbo-electric drivetrains. In fact they feature both a fully controllable excitation, similar to wound-field s... Read More about Concept and Preliminary Sizing of a Dual DC-Bus Homopolar Generator Using Diode Rectifiers.

Investigating Synchronous Reluctance Rotor Performance for Traction Applications against a Permanent Magnet Benchmark (2022)
Conference Proceeding
Connor, P. H., Khowja, M., La Rocca, A., La Rocca, S., Zou, T., Vakil, G., …Paciura, K. (2022). Investigating Synchronous Reluctance Rotor Performance for Traction Applications against a Permanent Magnet Benchmark. . https://doi.org/10.1109/icem51905.2022.9910649

This paper investigates the potential benefits for the use of synchronous reluctance machines for traction applications. Permanent magnet machines are often used to generate the highest power densities. However, magnet use has drawbacks including tem... Read More about Investigating Synchronous Reluctance Rotor Performance for Traction Applications against a Permanent Magnet Benchmark.

Analysis and Mitigation of AC Losses in High Performance Propulsion Motors (2022)
Journal Article
Hebala, A., Nuzzo, S., Connor, P. H., Volpe, G., Gerada, C., & Galea, M. (2022). Analysis and Mitigation of AC Losses in High Performance Propulsion Motors. Machines, 10(9), Article 780. https://doi.org/10.3390/machines10090780

In this paper, the AC copper losses in classical random windings are investigated and mitigated using several techniques across a range of permanent magnet synchronous motor designs. At high operating frequencies, AC copper losses can represent a sub... Read More about Analysis and Mitigation of AC Losses in High Performance Propulsion Motors.

Comparison of AC Losses in the Winding of Electrical Machines with Fixed Strands Positions, Fixed Conductor Shapes and Random Winding (2022)
Journal Article
Bardalai, A., Gerada, D., Zou, T., Degano, M., Zhang, C., & Gerada, C. (2022). Comparison of AC Losses in the Winding of Electrical Machines with Fixed Strands Positions, Fixed Conductor Shapes and Random Winding. Energies, 15(15), Article 5701. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15155701

In high performance electric machines, the increase of fundamental frequency leads to additional losses in the winding due to parasitic effects such as the associated skin and proximity effects. In the first part, this paper presents an investigation... Read More about Comparison of AC Losses in the Winding of Electrical Machines with Fixed Strands Positions, Fixed Conductor Shapes and Random Winding.

Analytical Model for the Open Circuit Field due to Different Magnetization Patterns of the rotor in the Slotless Machines (2022)
Conference Proceeding
Dave, N., Gerada, D., Vakil, G., Zhang, H., Li, J., & Gerada, C. (2022). Analytical Model for the Open Circuit Field due to Different Magnetization Patterns of the rotor in the Slotless Machines. In 2022 International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM) (1204-1210). https://doi.org/10.1109/icem51905.2022.9910580

From the existing literature, the open circuit field due to different magnetisations of the rotor magnets is known. This includes field due to parallel, radial and Halbach magnetisation. This paper presents the generalised analytical model to represe... Read More about Analytical Model for the Open Circuit Field due to Different Magnetization Patterns of the rotor in the Slotless Machines.

High Speed Permanent Magnet Assisted Synchronous Reluctance Machine - Part II: Performance Boundaries (2022)
Journal Article
Di Nardo, M., Gallicchio, G., Palmieri, M., Marfoli, A., Degano, M., Gerada, C., & Cupertino, F. (2022). High Speed Permanent Magnet Assisted Synchronous Reluctance Machine - Part II: Performance Boundaries. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, 37(4), 2567-2577. https://doi.org/10.1109/tec.2022.3176383

The insertion of permanent magnets (PMs) within the rotor slots of Synchronous Reluctance Machines (SyRM) is the most common design strategy used to increase significantly their performance. In this paper it is shown how a permanent magnet assisted s... Read More about High Speed Permanent Magnet Assisted Synchronous Reluctance Machine - Part II: Performance Boundaries.

High Speed Permanent Magnet Assisted Synchronous Reluctance Machines - Part I: A General Design Approach (2022)
Journal Article
Gallicchio, G., Di Nardo, M., Palmieri, M., Marfoli, A., Degano, M., Gerada, C., & Cupertino, F. (2022). High Speed Permanent Magnet Assisted Synchronous Reluctance Machines - Part I: A General Design Approach. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, 1-1. https://doi.org/10.1109/tec.2022.3176382

The design of synchronous reluctance machines with and without permanent magnets assistance constitutes a challenging engineering task due to the numerous design variables and performance indexes to be considered. The design complexity increases even... Read More about High Speed Permanent Magnet Assisted Synchronous Reluctance Machines - Part I: A General Design Approach.

Mild hybridisation of turboprop engine with high-power-density integrated electric drives (2022)
Journal Article
Cossart, G., Chen, Y., Yang, T., Khowja, M., La Rocca, A., Nasir, U., …Wheeler, P. (2022). Mild hybridisation of turboprop engine with high-power-density integrated electric drives. IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification, 8(4), 4148-4162. https://doi.org/10.1109/TTE.2022.3160153

This paper shares with the aerospace community a case study of turboprop mild hybridisation using a recently developed integrated drive system in the University of Nottingham, UK, within the ACHIEVE project under EU H2020 CleanSky 2 program (project... Read More about Mild hybridisation of turboprop engine with high-power-density integrated electric drives.

Practical Implementation and Associated Challenges of Integrated Torque Limiter (2022)
Journal Article
Ilkhani, M. R., Syed, S. A., Connor, P. H., Vakil, G., Gerada, C., Rashed, M., & Benarous, M. (2022). Practical Implementation and Associated Challenges of Integrated Torque Limiter. SAE Technical Papers, Article 2022-01-0038. https://doi.org/10.4271/2022-01-0038

Evolving of aircraft design towards further electrification requires safe and fault-free operation of all the components. More electric aircraft are increasingly utilizing electro-mechanical actuators (EMA). EMAs are prone to jamming and subsequent f... Read More about Practical Implementation and Associated Challenges of Integrated Torque Limiter.

Impact of Stator Segmentation on the Performance of Aerospace Propulsion Machines (2022)
Journal Article
Ramanathan Mathavan Jeyabalan, R. K., Vakil, G., Gerada, D., Gerada, C., & Minshull, J. (2022). Impact of Stator Segmentation on the Performance of Aerospace Propulsion Machines. SAE Technical Papers, 4(4), 1048-1056. https://doi.org/10.4271/2022-01-0039

Electric machines offering a high power density are required for aerospace applications. Soft magnetic material with a high saturation flux density is one of the key component which is required to realize these power density targets. The need for a h... Read More about Impact of Stator Segmentation on the Performance of Aerospace Propulsion Machines.

Design Optimization of Modular Permanent Magnet Machine with Triple Three-Phase for Aircraft Starter Generator (2022)
Journal Article
Wang, B., Rocca, A., Vakil, G., Yang, T., & Gerada, C. (2022). Design Optimization of Modular Permanent Magnet Machine with Triple Three-Phase for Aircraft Starter Generator. SAE Technical Papers, https://doi.org/10.4271/2022-01-0055

Permanent magnet (PM) electrical machine has far-reaching impacts in aviation electrification due to the continuous development in high power density and high efficiency electrical drives. The primary barrier to acceptance of permanent magnet machine... Read More about Design Optimization of Modular Permanent Magnet Machine with Triple Three-Phase for Aircraft Starter Generator.

Profiling the Eddy Current Losses Variations of High-Speed Permanent Magnet Machines in Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (2022)
Journal Article
Huang, Z., Tang, M., Golovanov, D., Yang, T., Herring, S., Zanchetta, P., & Gerada, C. (2022). Profiling the Eddy Current Losses Variations of High-Speed Permanent Magnet Machines in Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles. IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification, https://doi.org/10.1109/TTE.2022.3152845

High-speed permanent magnet (PM) machines have been recognized as a popular choice for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs). Although high-speed operation can enhance the machine power density, more rotor eddy current losses can be expected. Thos... Read More about Profiling the Eddy Current Losses Variations of High-Speed Permanent Magnet Machines in Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles.

Synchronous Reluctance Machines: A Comprehensive Review and Technology Comparison (2022)
Journal Article
Murataliyev, M., Degano, M., Nardo, M. D., Bianchi, N., & Gerada, C. (2022). Synchronous Reluctance Machines: A Comprehensive Review and Technology Comparison. Proceedings of the IEEE, 110(3), 382-399. https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2022.3145662

In the last decade, the trend toward higher efficiency and higher torque density electrical machines (EMs) without permanent magnets (PMs) for the industrial sector has rapidly increased. This work discusses the latest research and industrial advance... Read More about Synchronous Reluctance Machines: A Comprehensive Review and Technology Comparison.

A Comprehensive Design Guideline of Hairpin Windings for High Power Density Electric Vehicle Traction Motors (2022)
Journal Article
Zou, T., Gerada, D., La Rocca, A., Moslemin, M., Cairns, A., Cui, M., …Gerada, C. (2022). A Comprehensive Design Guideline of Hairpin Windings for High Power Density Electric Vehicle Traction Motors. IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification, 8(3), 3578-3593. https://doi.org/10.1109/TTE.2022.3149786

The rapidly increasing demand on power density levels of electric vehicle (EV) drive systems is pushing the boundaries of traction motor performance. Hairpin windings are becoming a popular option for EV motors due to their reduced DC losses and impr... Read More about A Comprehensive Design Guideline of Hairpin Windings for High Power Density Electric Vehicle Traction Motors.

Torque Limiters for Aerospace Actuator Application (2022)
Journal Article
Shahjahan Ahmad, S., Tom, L., La Rocca, A., La Rocca, S., Vakil, G., Gerada, C., & Benarous, M. (2022). Torque Limiters for Aerospace Actuator Application. Energies, 15(4), Article 1467. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15041467

Safety and reliability of electrical actuators are essential for success of all electric and more electric aircrafts (MEA). Torque limiters improve the reliability of electromechanical actuators (EMA) by restricting the amount of force experienced by... Read More about Torque Limiters for Aerospace Actuator Application.

Rotor Slot Design of Squirrel Cage Induction Motors with Improved Rated Efficiency and Starting Capability (2022)
Journal Article
Di Nardo, M., Marfoli, A., Degano, M., & Gerada, C. (2022). Rotor Slot Design of Squirrel Cage Induction Motors with Improved Rated Efficiency and Starting Capability. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 58(3), 3383-3393. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2022.3147156

Among the electro-mechanical devices transforming energy from electrical to mechanical, the squirrel cage induction motor can be surely considered a workhorse of the industry due to its robustness, low cost and good performance when directly fed by t... Read More about Rotor Slot Design of Squirrel Cage Induction Motors with Improved Rated Efficiency and Starting Capability.

Performance Entitlement by Using Novel High Strength Electrical Steels and Copper Alloys for High-Speed Laminated Rotor Induction Machines (2022)
Journal Article
Zhang, F., Gerada, D., Xu, Z., He, Y., Zhang, H., Hua, W., & Gerada, C. (2022). Performance Entitlement by Using Novel High Strength Electrical Steels and Copper Alloys for High-Speed Laminated Rotor Induction Machines. Electronics, 11(2), 210. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11020210

The laminated rotor Induction Machine (IM), with its simple construction and manufacturing, robustness, ease of control and comparatively lower cost remains by far the most utilized electromechanical energy converter. At very high speeds, traditional... Read More about Performance Entitlement by Using Novel High Strength Electrical Steels and Copper Alloys for High-Speed Laminated Rotor Induction Machines.